By-products

حرية الوصول المقاله

1 - تاثیر مقادیر متفاوت پروتئین آبکافت روی آنزیم های گوارشی آلوین های ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان (Oncorhinchus mykiss)
علی طاهری عبدالمحمد عابدیان کناری رویین حلاج مهران حبیبی رضایی علی معتمدزادگان امین اوجی فرد

در این مطالعه به بررسی تاثیر پروتئین آبکافت روی آنزیم ها ی پروتئولیتیک آلوین های قزل آلای رنگین کمان Onchorhynchus mykiss) پرداخته شد.6 جیره با سطوح متفاوت پروتئین (10% ،25%،50% جایگزینی با پروتئین پودرماهی جیره) آبکافت ماهی ساردین پهلو طلایی (Sardinella gibossa) وضایعا أکثر

در این مطالعه به بررسی تاثیر پروتئین آبکافت روی آنزیم ها ی پروتئولیتیک آلوین های قزل آلای رنگین کمان Onchorhynchus mykiss) پرداخته شد.6 جیره با سطوح متفاوت پروتئین (10% ،25%،50% جایگزینی با پروتئین پودرماهی جیره) آبکافت ماهی ساردین پهلو طلایی (Sardinella gibossa) وضایعات کشتارگاه مرغ مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. آلوین ها به تعداد 12±824 عدد پس از شروع به تغذیه فعال برای 30 روز مورد تغذیه جیره های مذکور درتانک های 40 لیتری قرار گرفتند . آنزیم ها ی پپسین، تریپسین، آمینوپپتیداز ان،لوسین آلانین پپتیداز و آلکالین فسفاتاز مورد سنجش اسپکتروف تومتری قرارگرفت. بر اساس نتایج سنجش و آزمایشات انجام شده روی اندازه گیری مقادیرآنزیم های نوارمسواکی، بلوغ آنتروسیت های روده ای را در ماهیان تغذیه شده باجیره های حاوی 10 % هر دو منبع پروتئین آبکافت (ضایعات کشتارگاهی طیور وپروتئین ماهی ساردین ) و 25 % پروتئین آبکافت ماهی ساردین پهلو طلایی سریع تر نشان دادند (Pبیش از حد از پروتئین آبکافت تاثیر منفی بر این فاکتور دارد. بر این اساس سطحبهینه جایگز ینی با پودر ماهی جیره 25 % پروتئین آبکافت ساردین پهلو طلایی و%10 پروتئین آبکافت ضایعات کشتارگاه طیور خواهد بود. تفاصيل المقالة

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2 - Advanced Oxidation Process for Haloacetic Acid Removal in Tehranpars Water Treatment Using CuO Nanocatalyst
Seyedeh Niloofar Alavi Seyed Ali Jozi Kambiz Tahvildar Shahrzad Khoramnezhadian

Potentially harmful disinfection byproducts (DBPs), as a significant challenge in water treatment, are formed when oxidizing disinfectants react with natural organic matters (NOM). Unfortunately, an unwanted side effect is the formation of harmful by-products, such as T أکثر

Potentially harmful disinfection byproducts (DBPs), as a significant challenge in water treatment, are formed when oxidizing disinfectants react with natural organic matters (NOM). Unfortunately, an unwanted side effect is the formation of harmful by-products, such as THMs and HAAs, following the chlorination stage. DBPs cause a variety of diseases like cancer in humans. In this study, the Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) method was used to reduce HAA contamination in Tehranpars Water Treatment Plant. The EPA Method 552/2 was used for detecting HAA compounds by gas chromatography equipped with an ECD detector. The AOP method was performed in a photoreactor equipped with 4 UV lamps. The effects of UV radiation, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide, level of pH, reaction time, number of UV lamps, and amount of CuO nanocatalyst on the oxidation reaction of HAA were investigated. The results showed that the annual mean levels of DCAA and TCAA in Tehranpars tap water were 0.0526 and 0.232, respectively. The optimum level of CuO nanocatalyst in the AOP process was 0.625 with 99.79% removal of DCAA and 99.22% removal of TCAA. The removal percentage increased with increasing treatment time, hydrogen peroxide level, and the number of the UV lamp at neutral and alkaline pH. تفاصيل المقالة

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3 - Crude Protein Fractions and <i>in vitro</i>Gas Production of Alfalfa Silages Treated with Pistachio by-Products Extract
ا. مختارپور ع.ع. ناصریان ر. ولی‌زاده م. دانش مسگران ف. پورملایی

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the crude protein fractionation, in vitro gas production and the biological effects of tannins in alfalfa silage treated with different levels of pistachio by-products (PB) extract. PB was soaked in water with a ratio of 1:5 (w أکثر

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the crude protein fractionation, in vitro gas production and the biological effects of tannins in alfalfa silage treated with different levels of pistachio by-products (PB) extract. PB was soaked in water with a ratio of 1:5 (w/v) for 12 h. After filtering and concentrating, the crude extract was added to fresh alfalfa to a final concentration of 1%, 2% and 3% tannin dry matter (DM) and then ensiled for 60 days. Four treatments were as follows: alfalfa silage without addition of PB extract as a control (T0), PB tannin added at 1% (T1), 2% (T2) and 3% DM (T3). Treating alfalfa silage decreased the formation of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) compounds and increased crude protein fraction B2 during ensilage. Cumulative in vitro gas production after 96 h incubation, organic matter digestibility (OMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) decreased in T2 and T3 compared to the control. The gas production and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) of treated silages increased in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) which indicates that the presence of phenolic compounds and tannins depressed the gas production. It can be concluded that treating alfalfa silage with PB extract can reduce the nitrogen losses during ensilage and degradability of organic matter (OM) by microbial inhibition. تفاصيل المقالة

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4 - Effect of Grape By-Products Inclusion on Ruminal Fermentation, Blood Metabolites, and Milk Fatty Acid Composition in Lactating Saanen Goats
M. Badiee Baghsiyah M. Bashtani S.H. Farhangfar H. Sarir

Grape by-product is one of the distillery industries which could be used in animal nutrition. In this 60-d trial, 16 lactating Saanen goats were assigned to four homogeneous groups and fed as follows: (1) control (CON) diet, (2) diet supplemented with 50 g/kg dry matter أکثر

Grape by-product is one of the distillery industries which could be used in animal nutrition. In this 60-d trial, 16 lactating Saanen goats were assigned to four homogeneous groups and fed as follows: (1) control (CON) diet, (2) diet supplemented with 50 g/kg dry matter (DM) of grape by-product (GPB5), (3) diet supplemented with 100 g/kg DM of grape by-product (GPB10), and (4) diet supplemented with 150 g/kg DM of grape by-product (GPB15). The dry matter intake and apparent total-tract digestibility of DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were not affected (P>0.05) by grape by-products supplementation. Ruminal fermentation characteristics include pH and NH3-N were not affected by GBP treatments (P>0.05). Supplementing with GBP reduced propionate (P=0.06) without effect on other volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Increasing the percentage of grape residues to 10% of the total diet had no significant effect on goat milk production (P>0.05), but milk fat and protein percentage decreased in diets containing GBP (P<0.05). Plasma concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, and total protein were not affected by dietary treatments, but plasma concentration of triglyceride increased in GPB15. Inclusion of grape by-products in lactating Saanen goats diets had no significant effects (P>0.05) on the concentration of major classes of milk fatty acid (FA) according to the degree of saturation (i.e., saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)). These findings indicated that the inclusion of GBP to 15% in replacement of beet pulp in the diet of dairy Saanen goats have no adverse effects on ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites and milk fatty acid. تفاصيل المقالة

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5 - Comparison of Cooperatives’ Members and Experts’ Views on Public Participation in Forestry and Rangeland By-Products (Case Study: Cooperative Companies, Lorestan Province, Iran)
Ali Ariapour Farzad Veisanloo Ali Hossein Biranvand Golnaz Kheradmand

This research was conducted to investigate the factors contributing to thefailure in the forestry and rangeland by-product cooperative companies in Lorestanprovince, Iran. A descriptive-correlative research design was used. The statisticalpopulations were 1100 people di أکثر

This research was conducted to investigate the factors contributing to thefailure in the forestry and rangeland by-product cooperative companies in Lorestanprovince, Iran. A descriptive-correlative research design was used. The statisticalpopulations were 1100 people divided into two groups of experts from natural resourceagency in Lorestan province and members of cooperative companies. The sample size was183 persons. Sampling method was simple random type using Neyman–Pearson model.Data were analyzed based on descriptive statistics (T-Test) and Pearson correlationmethod. Single-sample t-test results showed that the views of the two groups on the effectsof technical and economic barriers causing failure in cooperatives companies were thesame, but the expert's views were different for managerial, educational, cultural, social,and legal indicators. Also the results of independent t-test between the two groups showedthat the views of both experts and members for economic, managerial, educational, andlegal barriers were the same, but their opinions for cultural, social and technical barrierswere different. The results of cooperatives’ member’s views ranked indicators asmanagerial, legal, educational, cultural, social, economic, and technical barriers. For theviews of experts they were ranked as cultural, social, managerial, economic, legal,technical, and educational barriers. تفاصيل المقالة

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