تأثیر بیوچار و زئولیت بر جذب کادمیم در فلفل دلمه‌ای (Capsicum annuum) و آبشویی آن در خاک شور سدیمی
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت آب در مزرعه با هدف بهبود شاخص های مدیریتی آبیاری
1 - 1) استادیار گروه مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران.
کلید واژه: بیوچار, زئولیت, حرکت رو به پائین, کربن آلی, کادمیم,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: تأثیر بیوچارها و نانو ذرات رس مختلف بر روی تثبیت و جذب کادمیم توسط گیاهان به‌طور گسترده‌ای مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است، اما مطالعات کمی بر روی انتقال بخش‌های مختلف آلودگی خاک در خاک‌های شور و قلیایی متمرکز شده است. بنابراین، این فرضیه مطرح شد که حرکت کادمیوم در خاک‌های آلوده تحت تأثیر استفاده از بیوچار و نانو ذرات قرار می‌گیرد و انتقال کادمیوم از لایه‌های بالای پروفیل خاک به لایه‌های پایین در خاک شور و قلیایی کاهش می‌یابد. بنابراین پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور بررسی پالایش خاک‌های شور و قلیایی آلوده به فلز کادمیوم به‌وسیله گیاه فلفل دلمه سبز تحت دو ماده اصلاحیه خاک شامل بیوچار و نانو ذره زئولیت انجام شد.روش پژوهش: پژوهش حاضر تحت دو ماده اصلاحیه خاک شامل بیوچار کاه گندم با نام علمی Triticum؛ و نانو ذرات زئولیت در سطح 5 گرم در کیلوگرم خاک آلوده به کادمیم انجام شد. نمونه‌های خاک از عمق 0-30 سانتی‌متری از دشت سجزی، جمع‌آوری شدند. خاک جمع‌آوری شده هوا خشک و به‌منظور آزمایش از الک 5 میلی‌متری عبور داده شدند و برای آزمایش استفاده گردیدند. خاک آلوده به کادمیم با قرار دادن 500 گرم خاک خشک شده در یک بشر شیشه‌ای 2 لیتری و مخلوط کردن آن با 250 میلی لیتر نیترات کادمیم g 2/1 Cd, Cd(NO3)2 4H2O)) ایجاد شد. در یک مزرعه بایر در منطقه دشت سجزی سه کرت (پلات) از خاک خالی شد و پلات‌ها از خاکی که به‌طور یکنواخت و جداگانه با خاک آلوده و همچنین با بیوچار و زئولیت در سطح 0% و 5% (w/w) مخلوط شده بود، پر شد. پس از تهیه خاک‌های آلوده، فلفل دلمه سبز (Capsicum annuum) در شرایط طبیعی در آنها کاشته شدند.یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که بیوماس فلفل دلمه سبز با استفاده از بیوچار و زئولیت به ترتیب 2/79 درصد و 3/18 درصد افزایش یافت. غلظت کادمیم در میوه فلفل دلمه سبز در استفاده از بیوچار در مقایسه با هر دو تیمار شاهد و خاک با زئولیت تقریباً 30% کاهش یافت. کادمیم جذب شده توسط ساقه‌های فلفل دلمه سبز در حدود 50٪ کادمیم کل گیاه بود. کاربرد مقادیر 5 گرم بیوچار و زئولیت بر کیلوگرم خاک به ترتیب سبب نگهداشت 42 درصد و 78 درصد کادمیم خاک در خاک سطحی در مقایسه با خاک زیرین شد.نتایج: با توجه به نتایج می‌توان بیان کرد گیاه فلفل دلمه سبز، می‌تواند به‌عنوان جذب‌کننده کادمیم معرفی شود. همچنین نتایج بیانگر برتری تیمار زئولیت نسبت به تیمار بیوچار در کاهش انتقال آلودگی به لایه‌های زیرین خاک‌های شور و قلیا است و افزودن بیوچار باعث افزایش بیشتر در بیوماس فلفل دلمه سبز در مقایسه با نانو‌ذره زئولیت در خاک آلوده به فلز کادمیم است.
Background and Aim: The effect of various biochars and nano-clay on Cd immobilization and uptake by plants has been widely studied, but few studies have focused on the migration of different Cd fractions in saline-alkaline soils. Moreover, the remediation potential of biochar and nano-clay in saline soils polluted with heavy metals is still to be studied. Therefore, it was hypothesized that the Cd movement is influenced by biochar and nano-clay application in soil contaminated with the matter. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of biochar and zeolite on the uptake of cadmium by green bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) and its downward movement in saline-alkaline and cadmium-contaminated soils.Method: The present study was carried out under two soil modification materials including wheat straw biochar (Triticum ( and zeolite nanoparticles at the level of 5 g/kg of cadmium-contaminated soil. The soil was collected at 0 to 30 cm depth from a plain in Sejzi, Esfahan. The soil was air-dried and stones, as well as plant litter, were removed, and then the soil was passed through a 5 mm sieve and prepared for the experiment. The heavy metal contaminated soil was created by placing 500 g air-dried soil into a 2 L glass beaker and mixing it with 250 mL cadmium nitrate (1.2 g Cd, Cd(NO3)2· 4H2O). In the Sejzi plain area, three plots were filled with biochar and zeolite at the level of 5 g/kg of cadmium-contaminated soil. After preparing the contaminated soils, green bell peppers (Capsicum annuum) were planted in them under natural conditions. Results: The results showed that biomass of green bell pepper increased significantly by 79.2% and 18.3% using biochar and zeolite, respectively. The concentration of cadmium in green bell pepper’s fruit in biochar application was reduced by almost 30% compared to both control and soil treatments with zeolite. Cadmium absorbed by green bell pepper stems was about 50% of the total plant cadmium. Application of 5 gr of biochar and zeolite per kg of soil increased 42% and 78% of soil cadmium in topsoil (0-12 cm), respectively, compared to the subsoil.Conclusion: According to the results, it can be stated that green bell pepper can be introduced as a cadmium absorber. The results also show the superiority of zeolite treatment over biochar treatment in reducing contamination transfer to the underlying layers of saline and alkaline soils and the addition of biochar caused a greater increase in green bell pepper biomass compared to zeolite nanoparticles in cadmium-contaminated soil.
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