تاثير تنش آبي و کود کمپوست بر عملکرد و برخي صفات زراعي بادام زميني در استان گيلان
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت آب در مزرعه با هدف بهبود شاخص های مدیریتی آبیاری
سحر دعائی
1
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علی عبدزادگوهری
2
1 - استاديار، گروه کشاورزي، واحد لاهيجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامي، لاهيجان، ايران.
2 - محقق، بخش آبياري و فيزيک خاک، موسسه تحقيقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقيقات، آموزش و ترويج کشاورزي، کرج، ايران.
کلید واژه: رگرسيون, گيل¬بادام, نيازآبي, همبستگي,
چکیده مقاله :
زمينه و هدف: کمپوست بهعنوان اصلاح کننده آلي، باعث تهويه و زهکشي مناسب خاک شده و در جذب آب، مواد غذايي در گياه و بهبود عملکرد مؤثر است. ﮐﻤﺒﻮد آب ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﻣﺤﺪود ﮐﻨﻨﺪه در ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد ﮔﯿﺎه بادامزميني اﺳﺖ. بادامزميني در خاکهاي سبک و شني بهترين رشد را دارد. پس از توليد گل، عدم رطوبت و خشکي خاک ميتواند مانع ورود پگها به داخل خاک شود. ازاينرو کمپوست ميتواند بهاندازه کافي خاک را نرم کند و رشد و گلدهي بادامزميني را افزايش دهد. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تاثير تنش کمآبي و کاربرد کود کمپوست بر عملکرد و برخي از صفات زراعي بادامزميني در استان گيلان انجام شد.
روش پژوهش: پژوهش حاضر بهصورت کرتهاي خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوك‌هاي كامل تصادفي در 3 تكرار در سال 1400 در شهر آستانه اشرفيه انجام شد. عامل اصلي شامل بدون آبياري و تامين 50 و 100 درصد نياز آبي و عامل فرعي شامل کود کمپوست آلي در 4 سطح 0، 5، 10 و 15 تن در هکتار بود. کود کمپوست آلي شامل ترکيبي يکسان از کود دامي و ساقه پوسيده برنج بود. رقم كشت شدة بادامزميني از نوع «گيلبادام» بود. در پايان فصل زراعي صفات تعداد شاخه فرعي، طول شاخه فرعي، تعداد برگ در بوته، طول ريشه، تعداد غلاف در بوته، وزن تک دانه و عملکرد دانه و عملکرد غلاف بررسي شد.
يافتهها: نتايج تجزيه واريانس صفات نشان داد كه اثر نيازآبي، اثر کمپوست و اثرمتقابل آنها بر تعداد شاخه فرعي، طول شاخه فرعي، تعداد برگ در بوته، طول ريشه، تعداد غلاف در بوته، وزن تک دانه و عملکرد دانه در سطح 5 درصد و بر عملکرد غلاف در سطح 1 درصد معنيدار بود. اثر متقابل نيازآبي و کود کمپوست نشان دهنده بيشترين عملکرد غلاف و دانه در تيمار 100 درصد نيازآبي با ميزان آب مصرفي 431 ميليمتر و مصرف 10 تن در هکتار کود کمپوست بهترتيب با ميانگين 4835 و 3143 کيلوگرم در هکتار بود. نتايج همبستگي صفات مختلف با عملکرد دانه و تجزيه رگرسيون گامبهگام نشاندهنده تأثير قابل توجه صفت عملکرد غلاف بودند. در همبستگي صفات، عملکرد دانه با صفات عملکرد غلاف (**974/0)، طول شاخه فرعي (**721/0) و تعداد شاخه فرعي (*671/0) داراي همبستگي مثبت و معنيدار بود. عملکرد غلاف نيز با طول شاخه فرعي (**745/0) و تعداد شاخه فرعي (*693/0) همبستگي مثبت و معنيدار داشت.
نتيجه‌گيري: بهطور کلي ميتوان نتيجه گرفت که افزودن کمپوست به زمين زراعي، رطوبت خاک را ميافزايد و باعث رشد گياه در خاک ميشود و به افزايش پگ و غلاف کمک ميکند. در اين تحقيق نشان داده شد که ﺑﺎ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﮐﻤﭙﻮﺳﺖ در ﺧﺎك، ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺟﺬب ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ و رطوبت اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ يافت و کمپوست با ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﮐﺮدن ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﻧﯿﺎز ﮔﯿﺎه بادامزميني ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد رﺷﺪ و ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد گياه گرديد.
Background and Aim: Compost, as an organic amendment causes proper soil ventilation and drainage and improves the absorption of water and nutrients in the plant, improving its yield. Water shortage is one of the limiting factors in the production and yield of peanut plants. Peanut grow best in light and sandy soils. After flower production, moisture shortage and soil dryness can prevent pegs from entering the soil. Therefore, compost can sufficiently soften the soil and increase the growth and flowering of peanut. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of water deficit stress and compost fertilizer application on peanut yield and some agronomic traits in Guilan province.
Method: The present study was carried out in a split-plot randomized complete block design with 3 replications in 2021 in Astaneh Ashrafiyeh city. The main factor included no irrigation and 50 and 100 percent water requirement, and the secondary factor included organic compost fertilizer at 4 levels of 0, 5, 10, and 15 ton.ha-1. Organic compost fertilizer included an equal mixture of livestock manure and rotted rice stalks. The cultivated peanut cultivar was "Guil Badam". At the end of the growing season, the traits of number of lateral branches, length of side branches, number of leaves per plant, root length, number of pods per plant, single seed weight, seed yield and pod yield were evaluated.
Results: The results of the analysis of variance of the traits showed that the effect of water requirement, compost effect and their interaction on the number of lateral branches, length of lateral branch, number of leaves per plant, root length, number of pods per plant, single seed weight and seed yield were significant at the 5% level and on pod yield at the 1% level. The interaction between water requirement and compost fertilizer showed the highest pod and seed yield in the 100% water requirement treatment with a water use of 431 mm and a consumption of 10 tons. Ha -1 of compost fertilizer, respectively, with an average of 4835 and 3143 kg.ha-1. The results of correlation of different traits with seed yield and stepwise regression analysis showed a significant effect of pod yield trait. In the correlation of traits, seed yield had a positive and significant correlation with pod yield traits (0.974**), length of lateral branch (0.721**) and number of lateral branches (0.671*). Pod yield also had a positive and significant correlation with length of lateral branch (0.745**) and number of lateral branches (0.693*).
Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that adding compost to agronomy land increases soil moisture and promotes plant growth in the soil and helps increase the number of pegs and pods. This study showed that applying compost to the soil increased the ability to absorb nutrients and moisture, and compost improved plant growth and yield by providing the nutrients needed by the peanut plant.
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