مطالعه نقشه‌های شناختی پیرامون ادراک فضای سالمندان (مطالعه موردی: خانه سالمندان کهریزک)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات مدیریت شهری
فرناز چراغی فر
1
,
حسین سلطان زاده
2
,
هادی قدوسی فر
3
1 - پژوهشگر دکتری، گروه معماری، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. (این مقاله مستخرج از رساله دکتری می باشد)
2 - استاد، گروه معماری، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: ادراک فضا, سالمندان, معماری, نقشه‌های شناختی,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه و هدف پژوهش: این مقاله با هدف تعیین خصوصیات شناختی سالمندان مقیم آسایشگاه کهریزک تهران به‌منظور دریافت داده‌های اساسی و ویژگی‌های ادراکی شناختی سالمندان با استفاده از نقشه‌های شناختی صورت گرفته است و در پی شناخت شاخص‌های تأثیرگذار در ادراک و شناخت فضا توسط سالمندان و شناخت متغیرهای تأثیرگذار در ادراک فضا با استفاده از نقشه‌های شناختی است. روش پژوهش: پژوهش حاضر ازلحاظ ماهیت، روش تحقیق توصیفی و از نوع همبستگی استو به‌صورت مطالعه موردی انجام‌شده است. از شیوه کتابخانه‌ای- اسنادی برای گردآوری اطلاعات، از روش میدانی و مشاهده جهت سنجش وضع موجود و از ابزار مصاحبه و تکنیک نقشه های شناختی جهت گردآوری داده‌های پژوهش استفاده‌شده است. یافته‌ها: یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد میانگین عناصر شناختی درک شده گروه زنان بیشتر از گروه مردان و نوع نقشه شناختی ترسیمی از نوع عناصر فضایی در گروه زنان بیشتر از گروه مردان است. افزایش مدت‌زمان اقامت تأثیری در تعداد عناصر درک شده در نقشه‌های شناختی نداشت؛ مدت‌زمان اقامت در نوع نقشه شناختی عناصر متوالی ارتباط مثبت داشت. با افزایش مدت‌زمان اقامت نقشه شناختی از نوع عناصر متوالی افزایش یافت. نتیجه گیری: غالب فضاهای شناخته‌شده در نقشه‌های شناختی نشان‌دهنده مکانی برای خاطرات افراد است. ایجاد فضاهای به‌یادماندنی بیشتر بر شناخت ساکنان از محیط زندگی تأثیر می‌گذارد. بهتر است قبل از کاهش توانایی‌های شناختی سالمندان، فضاهای شناختی را بهبود بخشیم.
Introduction and purpose of the research: This article aimed to identify the cognitive aspects of the elderly residents of Kehrizak nursing home in Tehran in order to obtain basic data and cognitive elements of the elderly using cognitive maps, and in order to identify the influencing indicators in the perception and recognition of space by the elderly and to identify the variables It is effective in the perception of space by using cognitive maps. Method: In terms of nature, the current research is a descriptive and correlational research method, and it was conducted as a case study. The library-document method was used to collect information, the field and observation method was used to measure the current situation, and the interview tool and cognitive mapping technique were used to collect the research data. Findings: The findings of the research show that the average perceived cognitive elements of women's group is more than men's group and the type of drawing cognitive map of spatial elements is more in women's group than in men's group. Increasing the length of stay did not affect the number of elements perceived in the cognitive maps; The length of stay was positively related to the type of cognitive map of successive elements. With the increase of the duration of stay, the cognitive map of the type of sequential elements increased. Conclusion: The majority of known spaces in cognitive maps represent a place for people's memories. Creating memorable spaces affects residents' knowledge of the living environment. It is better to improve cognitive spaces before reducing the cognitive abilities of the elderly.
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