بررسی تأثیر تنش شوری بر پارامترهای جوانه زنی و رشدی بذر سان همپ (Crotalaria juncea)
محورهای موضوعی : تنش های محیطی
فاطمه احمدنیا
1
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علی عبادی
2
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل ، ایران
2 - استاد، فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی، گروه آموزشی مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل،
کلید واژه: بذر, پتانسیل اسمزی, تنش, سان همپ, شاخص های جوانه زنی,
چکیده مقاله :
جوانه زنی بذر یکی از مراحل مهم چرخه زیستی گیاهان است که می تواند تحت تأثیر تنش های محیطی قرار گیرد. تنش شوری به عنوان یکی از مهمترین چالش های سیستم های کشاورزی شناخته می شود که در نتیجه فعالیت های انسانی و تغییرات اقلیمی پیوسته بر تولیدات کشاورزی تأثیرگذار است. در سال 1402 پژوهشی در آزمایشگاه تکنولوژی بذر گروه آموزشی مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی به منظور بررسی تأثیر تنش شوری بر جوانه زنی و مؤلفه های رشدی سان همپ (Crotalaria juncea) اجرا شد. این پژوهش در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی (RCD) با سه تکرار اجرا شد. تنش شوری با استفاده از کلرید سدیم (NaCl) برای تهیه شش پتانسیل اسمزی صفر، 2/0-، 4/0-، 8/0-، 2/1- و 2- مگاپاسگال، توسط معادله وانت هوف محاسبه و اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد که با تشدید تنش شوری، درصد جوانه‌زنی، سرعت جوانه‌زنی، میانگین زمان جوانه‌زنی، میانگین سرعت جوانه‌زنی، ضریب سرعت جوانه‌زنی، شاخص جوانه‌زنی، طول ریشه چه، طول ساقه‌چه و وزن تر گیاهچه کاهش معنی‌داری داشت. قابل ذکر است که در پتانسیل اسمزی 2- و 2/1- مگاپاسکال، درصد جوانه زنی بذر به ترتیب به 100 و 43 درصد کاهش یافت. این نتایج نشان داد که بذر سان همپ می‌توانند تنش شوری را تا پتانسیل اسمزی 4/0- مگاپاسکال تحمل کنند. با این حال، با افزایش پتانسیل اسمزی ناشی از شوری فراتر از این آستانه (4/0- مگاپاسگال)، توانایی آن ها برای جوانه زدن و بقاء کاهش یافت.
Seed germination is a critical stage in the life cycle of plants and can be influenced by various environmental stresses. Salinity stress is known as one of the most important challenges of agricultural systems, which as a result of human activities and climate changes continuously affects agricultural production. In 2023, a research study was conducted at the Seed Technology Laboratory of the Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Mohaghegh Ardabili University, to investigate the impact of salinity stress on the germination and growth parameters of sunn hemp seeds (Crotalaria juncea). The study employed a randomized complete design (RCD) with three replications. Salinity stress was induced using sodium chloride (NaCl) to prepare six osmotic potentials, zero, -0.2, -0.4, -0.8, -1.2, and -2 MPa, as determined by the Van't Hoff equation. The findings revealed significant reductions in germination percentage, germination rate, mean time of germination, mean rate of germination, coefficient of velocity of germination, germination index, radicle length, plumule length, and seedling fresh weight as the salinity osmotic potentials became more negative. Notably, at osmotic potentials of -2 and -1.2 MPa, seed germination percentages dropped to 100% and 43% respectively. These results demonstrate that sunn hemp seeds can tolerate salinity stress up to an osmotic potential of -0.4 MPa. However, as the salinity osmotic potential increases beyond this threshold (-0.4 MPa), their ability to germinate and survive diminishes.
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