بررسی تحولات بخش مسکن ایران در یک قرن اخیر
محورهای موضوعی : معماری
1 - گروه جغرافیای و برنامه ریزی شهری دانشگاه پیام نور تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: تحولات قیمتی, مسکن, دولت, مباحث اقتصادی,
چکیده مقاله :
تحولات شکلی، کارکردی و اقتصادی بخش مسکن در طی صد سال اخیر به حدی بوده‌است که تمام ارکان زندگی ایرانیان را تحت تاثیر قرار داده و همیشه برای متخصصان و حتی مردم عادی این سوال اساسی مطرح بوده که این تحولات تابع چه عواملی است؟ به همین منظور، این بررسی در پی آن بود تا این تحولات را با استفاده از روش توصیفی و تحلیلی در قالب رویکردهای اسنادی، مورد بررسی قرار دهد. داده‌های مورد نیاز با استفاده از سرشماری‌های عمومی، بانک مرکزی و سایر نهادهای رسمی گردآوری و با استفاده از ارزیابی سیاستهای کلی، برنامه‌های پنج ساله و تحولات سیاسی و اجتماعی تجزیه و تحلیل شده است. یافته‌ها نشان داد که در یک قرن گذشته، بخش مسکن در ایران چه از نظر تغییرات در مصالح مصرفی و تکنولوژی ساخت و چه از نظر تنوع و تعداد و همچنین نوع کارکرد و جایگاهش در سبد اقتصادی خانوارها، بشدت دگرگون شده و دولتها نه تنها در مدیریت این تحولات موفقیت چندانی به دست نیاورده، بلکه به جای بهره‌گیری از برنامه های جامع، از سیاستهای واکنشی و دفعی بهره برده و مشکلات موجود را پیچیده‌تر ساخته‌اند.
The configuration, functional, and economic changes of the housing sector over the past 100 years have been to a degree that has affected all aspects of the lives of Iranians, and it has always been a matter of principle for experts and even ordinary people, which factors are influencing these changes? This study seeks to investigate changes in the field of housing using a descriptive and analytical method in the form of documentary approaches. Given the main approach of the research, the required data have been collected using public censuses, central bank, and other official institutions and have been analyzed using general policy assessment, five-year plans, and political as well as social developments. The findings showed that in the past century, the housing sector in Iran, either in terms of changes in consumer goods and technology, or in terms of variety and number, as well as its position and function, has changed radically in the economic basket of households, while governments have not only failed to manage these developments, but instead of taking comprehensive plans, they have applied reactive and defective policies and made the problems more complicated.
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