بررسی غلظت فلزات سنگین و شاخص‌های آلودگی خاک در منطقه غرب تهران

محورهای موضوعی : محیط زیست

فتانه ولی نژاد تبریزی ¹ , آزاده اربابی ² , رضا برنا ³

1 - دانشجوی دکترا، گروه اقلیم شناسی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه علوم و تحقیقات
2 - گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه آزاد، واحد اسلامشهر
3 - دانشیار گروه جغرافیا، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1402/02/12 تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/06/05 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/06/01

کلید واژه: خاک, تهران, آلودگی هوا, عناصر سنگین, شاخص آلودگی,

چکیده مقاله :

گسترش شهر نشینی و توسعه شهرها به همراه افزایش شتابان جمعیت، توسعه فعالیت‌ های صنعتی و مصرف بی‌ رویه سوخت‌ های فسیلی به ‌شدت آلودگی ‌ها را افزایش داده و این مسئله را به ‌عنوان یکی از مباحث مطرح زیست ‌محیطی، در طی دهه های اخیر تبدیل کرده است. کلان‌شهر تهران یکی از شهرهای دارای آلودگی هوای بالا است که در درازمدت می تواند در خاک رسوب کرده و مشاهده شود. در این تحقیق، جهت ارزیابی غلظت عناصر سنگین از خاک نواحی سه گانه منطقه 21 شهرداری تهران، 10 نمونه با سه تکرار و در مجموع 90 نمونه تهیه شد. نمونه برداری از عمق 20-0 سانتی متری و با سه تکرار انجام شد. برای ارزیابی آلودگی از اندازه گیری سه عنصر سرب، کروم و کادمیوم و همچنین از درجه آلودگی، شاخص بار آلودگی و شاخص ریسک اکولوژیک استفاده شد. مقایسه غلظت عناصر سنگین و روند تغییرات آنها نشان داد که تجمعی از این عناصر در خاک سطحی ایجاد شده است. بر اساس میانگین، میزان غلظت عناصر مورد بررسی در ناحیه دو و سه بیشتر از ناحیه یک بود (05/0 P-value <). همچنین، بالاتر بودن شاخص آلودگی از عدد یک، بیانگر غلظت بالای عناصر سنگین نسبت به غلظت زمینه در منطقه مورد بررسی است. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که با توجه به توسعه روزافزون مناطق شهری و صنعتی غرب تهران، خاک این منطقه شدیداً در معرض ورود عناصر سنگین قرار دارد. بنابراین پایش منظم خاک منطقه از لحاظ عناصر سنگین و بررسی دقیق منشا آنها ضروری به نظر می رسد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The expansion of urbanization and the development of cities along with the rapid increase in population, the development of industrial activities and the excessive consumption of fossil fuels have greatly increased pollution and have turned this issue into one of the environmental issues in recent decades. Tehran metropolis is one of the cities with high air pollution, which can be deposited in the soil and observed in the long term. In this research, in order to evaluate the concentration of heavy elements from the soil of the three areas of the 21st district of Tehran municipality, 10 samples were prepared with three repetitions and a total of 90 samples. Sampling was performed from a depth of 0-20 cm with three replications. Degree of pollution, pollution load index, and ecological risk index were used to assess pollution. Comparison of the concentrations of heavy elements and the trend of their changes showed that the accumulation of these elements has been created in the soil surface. The mean concentrations of the studied elements in zones 2 and 3 were higher than zone 1 (P-value < 0.05). Based on the results, the concentration of the studied elements in regions of two and three were higher than area one (P-value <0.05). Also, the pollution index being higher than one, indicates a high concentration of heavy elements compared to the background concentration in the studied area. The results of this research showed that due to the increasing development of urban and industrial areas in west Tehran, the soil of this area is highly exposed to heavy elements. Therefore, it seems necessary to regularly monitoring the soil of the region in terms of heavy elements and to carefully check the origin of these elements.

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