تحلیلی بر زوال و اُفت کیفی فضاهای شهری بر مبنای شاخص‌های پژمردگی (مطالعه موردی: کلانشهر تبریز)
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری
شاپور عباسی
1
,
علی پناهی
2
*
,
حسن احمدزاده
3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.
2 - استادیارگروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران
3 - استادیارگروه جغرافیا و برنامه‌ریزی شهری، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز، ایران
کلید واژه: فضای شهری, کلانشهر تبریز, پژمردگی شهری, زوال شهری,
چکیده مقاله :
در سال‌های اخیر عدم تعادل در ساختار فضایی شهر، جابه‌جایی‌ها جمعیتی و تغییر در مراکز اقتصادی از یک‌سو و کاهش جمعیت، فرسودگی بناها و تأسیسات و کاهش ارزش اراضی مسکونی و کاربری‌های تجاری از سوی دیگر مقدمات اُفت کیفیت محیطی در برخی از فضاها و به تبع آن پژمردگی شهری را باعث شده است. از این‌رو، بررسی فضاهای شهری از منظر پژمردگی و ارائه‌ی راهکارهایی برای جلوگیری از عدم تعادل ساختار فضایی شهر ضرورتی اجتناب‌ناپذیر می‌باشد. در این راستا، تحقیق حاضر با هدف بررسی فضاهای شهر کلانشهر تبریز از منظر شاخص‌های پژمردگی نگارش شده است. روش پژوهش در تحقیق حاضر آمیخته و ترکیبی از رویکردهای کمی-کیفی با هدف کاربردی و ماهیت تحلیلی-اکتشافی می‌باشد که به‌منظور تجزیه و تحلیل اطلاعات از آمار ابعاد مختلف جمعیتی، کالبدی و اقتصادی، و همچنین روش مرکز متوسط و بیضی انحراف معیار استفاده شده است. یافته‌های تحقیق حاکی از آن است که تغییرات ایجادشده در سال‌های اخیر در ابعاد مختلف جمعیتی، کالبدی و اقتصادی، موجب دوقطبی شدن شهر به لحاظ توسعه‌یافتگی و شکل‌گیری تبریز نو در شرق و تبریز کهنه در غرب شهر و نیز کمبود فضاهای امن و سرزنده‌ی متناسب با نیازهای شهری مردم و کاهش تدریجی شأن اجتماعی محلات قدیمی (مرکزی) و مناطق حاشیه‌ای شهر و به تبع آن موجب اُفت کیفیت محیطی و پژمردگی شهری در مناطق مرکزی، غرب و شمال و جنوب گردیده است. همچنین نتایج مدل مرکز متوسط و بیضی انحراف معیار نشان می‌دهد که مراکز اقتصادی و تجاری شهر به سمت شرق شهر گسترش یافته و مرکز متوسط آن در منطقه 2 شهر قرار گرفته است.
In recent years, imbalances in the spatial structure of the city, population shifts, changes in economic centers on the one hand and population decline, deterioration of buildings and facilities and the devaluation of residential land and commercial uses on the other hand, has caused the deterioration of environmental quality in some spaces and consequently urban shrinkage. Therefore, the study of urban spaces from the perspective of shrinkage and provide solutions to prevent imbalances in the spatial structure of the city is an inevitable necessity. In this regard, the present study has been written with the aim of examining the spaces of Tabriz metropolis from the perspective of shrinkage indicators. The research method in the present study is a combination of quantitative-qualitative approaches with applied purpose and analytical-exploratory nature, which in order to analyze the data, have been used statistics of different demographic, physical and economic dimensions, as well as the mean center and elliptical center deviation method. Findings indicate that changes in recent years in various demographic, physical and economic dimensions, polarizing the city in terms of development and formation of the new Tabriz in the east and the old Tabriz in the west of the city and the lack of safe and vibrant spaces to meet the needs Urbanization of the people and the gradual decline of the social status of the old (central) neighborhoods and the suburbs of the city and consequently has caused a decline in environmental quality and urban shrinkage in the central, western, northern and southern regions. Also, the results of the average center model and the standard deviation ellipse indicate that the economic and commercial centers of the city have expanded to the east of the city and its middle center is located in region 2 of the city.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Space, as an important factor in the process of urban development, is not only a fundamental driver for the accumulation of assets, but also a container for the continuous entry of population and the development of economic industries. After undergoing a period of rapid development in urban spaces, there is now a greater sense of responsibility to prevent the effects of the continued development of cities. Also in recent decades, urban spaces have come under pressure for a variety of reasons, including declining economic growth rates, demographic change, industrial adjustment, and declining real estate markets. In recent years, imbalances in the spatial structure of the city, population shifts and changes in economic centers on the one hand and population decline, erosion of buildings and facilities and the devaluation of residential land and commercial uses on the other hand It has caused the deterioration of environmental quality in some spaces and consequently urban shrinkage. Therefore, the study of urban spaces from the perspective of shrinkage and provide solutions to prevent imbalances in the spatial structure of the city is an inevitable necessity. In this regard, the present study has been written with the aim of examining the spaces of Tabriz metropolis from the perspective of shrinkage indicators. From the beginning of the present century and especially from the 1950s and 19600s due to developments such as land reform, disruption of traditional urban-rural relations, mass influx of rural migrants to the city, rapid increase in oil revenues, rapid growth of service needs, development of economic and communication infrastructure, rapid growth of major industries and assembly, followed by the extensive growth of the administrative and governmental apparatus, has made the role and functions of the city of Tabriz as the center of new developments in East Azerbaijan province and the northwestern region of the country, unprecedentedly broad and complex.
Methodology
The research method in the present study is a combination of quantitative-qualitative approaches with applied purpose and analytical-exploratory nature, which In order to collect information, have been used the data of censuses and digital maps of the archive of the Deputy of Research and Planning of Tabriz metropolis and also the master plan approved in 2016 of Tabriz. In order to analyze the information, in addition to the authors' calculations in different population dimensions (growth rate and aging percentage) and physical (per capita land uses), the center and elliptical center deviation method has been used to measure the spatial distribution of commercial complexes. It should be noted that the mean center as an approximate criterion for comparing the spatial distribution of point data (in the present study of commercial complexes) and ellipse deviation is a measure of the size, extent of dispersion and direction of dispersion of point data.
Results and discussion
Findings indicate that changes in recent years in various demographic, physical and economic dimensions, polarizing the city in terms of development and formation of the new Tabriz in the east and the old Tabriz in the west of the city and the lack of safe and vibrant spaces to meet the needs Urbanization of the people and the gradual decline of the social status of the old (central) neighborhoods and the suburbs of the city and consequently has caused a decline in environmental quality and urban shrinkage in the central, western, northern and southern regions. This is due to inappropriate policies in city management, which has led to an imbalance in the spatial structure of the city in terms of development and the decline and shrinkage of some areas of the city. It can also be said that the increase of commercial complexes and nuclei in East Tabriz with new constructions, facilities and equipment has caused extensive population movements from the western and central areas of the city to these areas. In this regard, day by day, with the increase in the economic value of residential and commercial lands in East Tabriz, the central and western regions have lost their attractiveness for investors. However, in the case of suburban areas in the north and south of the city (informal settlements), it can be said that the residents of these areas do not have the necessary financial ability to move around the city. Residents to city managers and officials, on the other hand, have seen the deterioration of urban structures and facilities in these areas.
Conclusion
In terms of population, the city center has the most decrease and the eastern and western regions have the most increase. In the physical dimension, burnout in buildings and facilities is mostly related to the central and marginal areas of the north and south, and in the east of the city and some parts of the southwest, we see a favorable situation in terms of physical characteristics. In the economic dimension, we are witnessing a change in economic centers and their orientation to the east and the decrease in the economic value of real estate and lands in the west and the city center. In general, it can be said that the suburbs (north and south) and west of the city in recent years due to their undesirable in various physical, economic and social dimensions have seen slight changes, but the central fabric of the city in recent years with a decrease in population and the deterioration of buildings and facilities, as well as the decline in economic value in residential and commercial lands is declining and shrinkage, and the east of the city has gone through a period of prosperity. Therefore, the changes in the spatial structure of the city in terms of demographic and economic indicators have caused the decline of environmental quality in some areas of Tabriz and has left various effects on the city. Bipolarity, increasing problematic contexts and the loss of historical identity and social status, especially in the city center, are the most important effects of the changes made in recent years, which has caused the shrinkage of some spaces in Tabriz.
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