ﺑﺮرﺳﻰ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮات دﻣﺎى ﻣﻌﺎدل ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺮدﺷﮕﺮى ﺷﻬﺮی(مطالعه موردی کلانشهر ﺷﻴﺮاز)
بابک اجتماعی
1
(
وصال شیرازی
وصال شمالی
)
قاسمعلی مقتدری
2
(
استادیار گروه جغرفیا دانشگاه پیام نور
)
کلید واژه: شهرستان شیراز, آسایش اقلیمی, شاخص دمای معادل فیزیولوژیک, تنش فیزیولوژیک,
چکیده مقاله :
ﺁﺳﺎﻳﺶﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺗﻰ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻓﺶ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ: ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻰ ﻫﺎی ﻫﻮﺍی ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ، ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ ﺷﺨﺺ، ﺩﻣﺎی ﻣﺤﻴﻂ، ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖﻧﺴﺒﻰ، ﺗﺎﺑﺶ ﺁﻓﺘﺎﺏ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تاثیراتی که دمای معادل فیزیولوژیک می تواند بر گردشگری شهری بگذارد انجام شده است .بدین منظور ﺳﻄﺢ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺩﻣﺎی ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ (PET) ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﭘﻬﻨﻪ ﺑﻨﺪی ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ که ایم پهنه بندی بر اساس 10 ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﻤﺪﻳﺪی ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺎﻭﺭ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ی ﺁﻣﺎﺭی ﺍﺯ 2000ﺍﻟﻰ 2020 ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪ. ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ArcGIS ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻳﺎﺑﻰ IDW ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ ﺑﺮﺍی ﮔﺮﺩﺷﮕﺮی ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﻰ ﻣﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻰ ﻭ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻰﻭ ﺩﺷﺖ ﻣﺮﻛﺰی ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺍﻟﮕﻮی ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ، ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺁﺳﺎﻳﺶ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﺮﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﻩ ی ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﺧﺮ ﺑﻬﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻣﺎﻩ ﻫﺎی ﻣﻰ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺘﺎﻣﺒﺮ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍی ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻗﻠﻴﻤﻰ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺟﺬﺏ ﮔﺮﺩﺷﮕﺮ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﺪﻩ ﺁﻟﻰ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ PET می‌باشد. ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺁﭘﺮﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻛﺘﺒﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﺶ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﻧﺪﮎ ﻭ ﮊﻭﺋﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﺶ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﻧﺪﮎ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ی ﺩﻭﻡ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﻃﻰ ﻣﺎﻩ ﻫﺎی ﺩﺳﺎﻣﺒﺮ، ﮊﺍﻧﻮﻳﻪ ﻭ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﻛﻞ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺍی ﺗﻨﺶ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻰ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺍﻟﮕﻮی ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻰ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ PET ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻭﻋﺮﺽ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.
چکیده انگلیسی :
Climate comfort is related to the temperature balance of the human body with its environment. This balance depends on the combination of factors such as: characteristics of the surrounding air, physical activity of the person, ambient temperature, relative humidity, sunlight and wind. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects that the physiological equivalent temperature can have on urban tourism. For this purpose, the surface of Shiraz city was zoned using the physiological equivalent temperature (PET) index on an annual scale, which is zoned based on 10 observational stations. It was calculated in and around the city with the statistical period from 2000 to 2020. The generalization of the calculated station results to the level of the study was done in ArcGIS environment and using the IDW internalization method. According to the obtained results, the favorable and appropriate climatic conditions for tourism throughout the year in Shiraz city change due to the change of seasons and the change of weather conditions between the northern and southern highlands of the central plain. In general, the pattern of daily changes of the index showed that the period of climatic comfort in Shiraz includes two time periods in late spring and summer. The months of May and September are the only months without cold stress and have the best climatic conditions for attracting tourists, and it is the ideal time based on the PET .April and October with little cold stress and June with little heat stress are ranked second respectively. During the months of December, January, and February, the whole city has severe cold stress. Study the pattern of daily changes of the index showed that the spatial changes of the PET index in the region are mostly influenced by the geographical altitude and latitude