واکاوی الگوی کالبدی- ساختاری در عملکرد گونه‌شناسی اقلیمی خانه‌های روستایی اقلیم گرم و مرطوب ایران (مطالعه موردی: روستای هنگام جزیره قشم )

محورهای موضوعی : معماری

مهناز اژدری ^{1 *} , سمانه زین العابدین زاده ²

1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه معماری، واحد بوشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بوشهر، ایران
2 - دانش آموخته دکتری، گروه معماری، دانشگاه بین¬المللی کیش، کیش، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1403/08/01 تاریخ پذیرش : 1403/11/07 تاریخ انتشار : 1403/11/24

کلید واژه: الگوی کالبدی- ساختاری, گونه‌شناسی, خانه روستایی, اقلیم گرم و مرطوب, روستای هنگام.,

چکیده مقاله :

    گونه‌شناسی الگوی کالبدی-ساختاری خانه‌های روستایی تجلی‌دهنده عملکرد اقلیمی این خانه‌ها است که می‌تواند در جهت بهبود عملکرد اقلیمی و محیطی در خانه‌های امروزی نیز مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. لذا هدف پژوهش واکاوی الگوی کالبدی- ساختاری در عملکرد گونه‌شناسی اقلیمی خانه‌های روستایی روستای هنگام در جهت استفاده در معماری امروز در این اقلیم است. روش تحقیق کیفی- کمی و شیوه گردآوری اطلاعات به صورت مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی با ابزار عکسبرداری و برداشت است. در جهت تحلیل خانه‌های روستای هنگام از روش توصیفی- تحلیلی استفاده شده است. سپس با استفاده از فرمول DOV انحراف معیار و قانون استرژنیر درصد فراوانی و همسویی معیارهای پژوهش با اقلیم و عملکرد منطقه بیان شد و با توجه به درصد فراوانی بهینه‌ترین گونه خانه از تمام لحاظ معیارهای پژوهش در نرم افزار فلوئنت شبیه‌سازی شد. نتایج نشان داد که معیارهای تنوع فضایی، نسبت و هندسه فضاهای بسته، سرپوشیده و باز، فرم، مصالح، تناسبات بازشو، ابعاد و تناسبات اتاق و موقعیت بادگیر، سازماندهی اقلیمی فضاها، سازماندهی فضایی در پلان، ارتباط با حیاط(طبیعت) و ارتباط با زمین؛ در هر سه خانه حاجی رضا، استاد احمدصالح و محمد همسو با عملکرد اقلیمی در این خانه‌ها شکل گرفته‌اند. ضمن آنکه خانه حاجی‌رضا از دو خانه محمد و استاد احمد صالح از منظر الگوی کالبدی- ساختاری همسویی بیشتری با اقلیم گرم و مرطوب را دارد. این مهم با توجه به تامین آسایش حرارتی در فضای داخلی خانه حاجی رضا نیز واضح است که عملکرد اقلیمی مطلوب این خانه را با توجه به متغیر بودن دمای 3.16e+01 تا 3.27e+02 نشان می‌دهد.

 

چکیده انگلیسی:

The typology of the physical-structural model of rural houses is a manifestation of the climatic performance of these houses, which can be used to improve the climatic and environmental performance of today's houses. Therefore, the aim of the research is to analyze the physical-structural pattern in the performance of the climatic typology of the rural houses of Hengam village in order to use it in today's architecture in this climate. The method of qualitative-quantitative research and the method of collecting information is in the form of library and field studies with photography and recording tools. Descriptive-analytical method has been used to analyze the houses of Hengam village. Then, using DOV formula, standard deviation and Sturgenier's law, the percentage of frequency and alignment of the research criteria with the climate and performance of the region was expressed, and according to the frequency percentage of the most optimal house type in all aspects of the research criteria, it was simulated in Fluent software.The results showed that the criteria of spatial diversity, ratio and geometry of closed, covered and open spaces, form, materials, opening proportions, dimensions and proportions of the room and location of windbreak, climatic organization of spaces, spatial organization in the plan, connection with the yard (nature) and connection with earth;In all three houses, HajiReza, OstadAhmad Saleh and Mohammad have been formed with the climatic function in these houses. In addition, Hajireza's house is more aligned with the warm and humid climate than the two houses of Mohammad and OstadAhmadSaleh from the point of view of physical-structural pattern.This is also clear regarding the provision of thermal comfort in the interior of HajiReza's house, which shows the favorable climatic performance of this house due to the variable temperature of 3.16e+01 to 3.27e+02.

 

Extended Abstract

 

Introduction

Rural architecture, which is formed based on environmental and cultural values and is passed from one generation to another through experiences, is architecture without an architect. Unlike today's architecture, the heritage of rural architecture is built with native materials and traditional construction techniques have found meaning with their surroundings. Due to rapid mass production in cities, building stock that repeats itself becomes architectural elements that develop more slowly in the countryside and establish a high connection with place. rural housing and rural architecture have special patterns. It can also be said that the rural housing architecture is a popular product that the user directly participates in the construction of the unique building of the region. One of the villages In Qeshm, which always has many tourists, is Hengam village. Therefore the main goal of the research is to analyze the physical-structural pattern in the performance of the climatic typology of rural houses in the warm and humid climate of Iran in order to use these patterns in the architecture of Hemang village and other houses today. the research questions are as follows:

1. What is the physical-structural model in the performance of the climatic typology of the rural houses in the hot and humid climate of Iran (Hengam village)?
2. Which of the physical-structural criteria among the rural houses of Hengam village, based on the measurement of physical criteria and their distribution, is more aligned with the hot and humid climate of the region?

 

Methodology

The research method of the present study is qualitative-quantitative. In this research, the method of collecting information in the form of library studies in order to approach the basics of taxonomy and the spatial-structural and physical patterns of houses in typology has been discussed, and then the method of field studies in relation to the collection of climatic and native houses of Hengam village through photography tools. It should be noted that the descriptive-analytical method was used to analyze the research houses from the perspective of typology. In this regard, at first, with this method, the houses were analyzed and typified from the perspective of physical-structural criteria and even climate and performance, which was stated earlier in the research model. Then, using DOV formula, standard deviation and Sturgenier's law, the percentage of frequency and alignment of the research criteria with the climate and performance of the region was expressed, and according to the percentage of frequency, the most optimal type of house was determined in all aspects of the research criteria. Next, this house was simulated in Fluent software to obtain its current status in relation to providing thermal comfort to the residents. In this way, based on all these factors, the optimal species of this island has been extracted in line with the climatic function of the hot and humid climate of Qeshm Island.

 

Results and discussion

Qualitative findings showed that In this research, according to typology, which is the first step of analyzing the rural houses of this village, it was determined that the rural houses such as Haji Reza in terms of orientation, East-West and the two houses of Ostad Ahmad Saleh and Mohammad are North-West-South-East, so the village houses have two types when oriented in terms of type. This is despite the fact that the way of communication with the land has the same type, and the lack of basement and the construction of a building with a difference from the 0.00 level of the land. This is important because of the humid climate of the region and soil moisture. In terms of connection with nature, the houses of this climate have the same type and all of them are connected with nature or the central courtyard to take advantage of the microclimate created in the central courtyard in the interior spaces of the house for the thermal comfort of the residents. The ratio of open, closed and covered space in these houses has two . But the geometry pattern of these spaces is different in all three houses, so the number of species is not important in this component from the point of view of typology. From the point of view, there are two types of distance from the main axes of the house: lack of distance and distance in the living space. In these houses, there is a type in terms of the climatic organization of the spaces, according to the pattern of the central courtyard and the porch and the arrangement of these two elements.

Conclusion

Concluding remarks of this study showed that the rural houses of Hengam village were formed physically and structurally in line with the hot and humid climate of Hengam village. In addition, according to the data distribution size, which are around a constant value, it can be acknowledged that therefore in a general summary, it can be acknowledged that the criteria of spatial diversity of closed, covered and open spaces, the ratio of open and closed and covered spaces geometry of closed, open and covered spaces, form, materials, opening proportions, dimensions and proportions of the room and location of the windbreak, climatic organization of spaces, spatial organization in the plan, connection with the yard and connection with the ground  in all three houses of Haji Reza , Ostad Ahmad Saleh and Mohammad Hamso have been formed in these houses with climatic performance. In the continuation of the research process, the classification of the house of Ahmad Saleh, Mohammad and Haji Reza according to the criteria of the research was done according to the research process, and it was determined that the house of Haji Reza is more abundant than the two houses of Muhammad and Ostad Ahmad Saleh from the perspective of the physical-structural pattern in line with the climate. In terms of physical-structural pattern, it has a hot and humid climate. In this regard, it should be noted that this incident occurred mostly because of the U-shaped pattern of the porch, which has resulted in a better climate performance for this house. because the placement of the inner spaces and the openings of these spaces; Around this U-shaped form, it has caused a better tension and flow of the favorable air that has been blown from the central courtyard to the porch area. This importance is also clear considering the thermal comfort in the interior of Haji Reza's house, which shows the favorable climatic performance of this house due to the variable temperature of 3.16e+01 to 3.27e+02.

 

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