تغییرات مکانی شاخصه های حاصلخیزی خاک در بوته‌زارهای خالص فلات مرکزی ایران
نفیسه روح الهی 1 , سید اکبر جوادی 2 * , محمد جعفری 3 , محمدعلی زارع چاهوکی 4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی رشته علوم و مهندسی مرتع، گروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - استاد گروه احیای مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.
4 - استاد گروه احیای مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.
کلید واژه: گرادیان محیطی, مدیریت سرزمین, تاج پوشش, عناصر غذایی, عوامل محیطی,
چکیده مقاله :
بوته‌زارها با کارکردهای اکولوژیکی متنوع، سطح وسیعی از زمین‌های خشک و نیمه‌خشک را پوشانده‌اند. ارزیابی تغییرات خصوصیات خاک در بوته‌زارها می‌تواند در شناخت وضعیت تغذیه‌ای و روابط اکولوژیکی این بیوم¬ها به منظور اهداف مدیریتی سرزمین مؤثر واقع گردد. در این تحقیق تغییرات مکانی خصوصیات حاصلخیزی خاک بر اساس ساختار لکه و فضاهای باز بین لکه‌ای در بوته‌زارهای خالص شامل تیپ Artemisia sieberi، Scariola orientalis و Astragalus myriacanthus واقع در اراضی خشک فلات مرکزی ایران موردمطالعه قرار گرفت. ارزیابی خصوصیات حاصلخیزی خاک و کیفیت خاک با انتخاب فضای باز مرجع بین لکه¬ها و ثبت خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی لکه برای مطالعه ارتباطات اکولوژیکی آنها موردبررسی قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج خصوصیات ماده الی، ازت، فسفر و شاخص کیفیت خاک (SQI)، در بین تیپ بوته‌زارها، و هم در فضای بین لکه¬ای در هر تیپ تغییرات معنی‌دار را نشان داد (P<0.01). بالاترین مقدار شاخص کیفیت خاک مربوط به زیر تاج پوشش در تیپ A. myriacanthus و برابر با 87/0 بود و کمترین مقدار نیز مربوط به نقطه مرکزی فضای خالی در تیپ A. sieberi و معادل 22/0 بود. خصوصیات عملکردی بوته‌ها مانند زیست‌توده، ارتفاع و تاج پوشش با توزیع فضایی عناصر و فاکتورهای حاصلخیزی خاک در فضای بدون پوشش بیشترین ارتباط را نشان داد (P<0.05).
Shrubs with diverse ecological functions cover a large area of arid and semi-arid lands. Evaluation of changes in soil properties in shrublands can be effective in understanding the ecological relationships of these biomes and their nutritional status for land management. In this research, the spatial changes of soil fertility characteristics based on patch structure and open spaces between patches were studied in pure shrubs including Artemisia sieberi, Scariola orientalis and Astragalus myriacanthus types located in the ari lands of the central plateau of Iran. The evaluation of soil yield characteristics and soil quality was investigated by selecting the reference open space between the patches and recording the morphological characteristics of the patches to study the relationship between them. The results showed that the properties of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and soil quality index (SQI) had the most significant changes between the type of shrubland and in the space between patches in each type (P<0.01). The highest value of the soil quality index was related to the under canopy in A. myriacanthus type and was equal to 0.87, and the lowest value was related to the central point of the open space in A. sieberi type and was equal to 0.22. The functional characteristics of plants such as biomass, height and canopy showed the highest correlation with the spatial distribution of elements and soil fertility factors in the open space areas (P<0.05).
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