تدوین و اعتباریابی الگوی طراحی آموزشی مبتنی بر نظریه مدل ذهنی
محورهای موضوعی : تکتونواستراتیگرافیعبدالرحمان جریحی 1 , محمدرضا نیلی 2 , داریوش نوروزی 3 , اسماعیل سعدی پور 4
1 - دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی
2 - دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی
3 - گروه تکنولوژی آموزشی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی
4 - 'گروه روانشناسی تربیتی دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی
کلید واژه: پیشرفت تحصیلی, طراحی آموزشی, نظریه مدل ذهنی, حل مساله,
چکیده مقاله :
این تحقیق به هدف تدوین و اعتباربخشی یک الگوی طراحی آموزشی مبتنی بر نظریه مدل ذهنی انجام شد. نظریه مدل ذهنی، یکی از نظریه‌های حوزه روانشناسی شناختی است که به تبیین نحوه استدلال و شناخت در انسان می‌پردازد. در این تحقیق با استفاده از روش تحقیق آمیخته، الگویی برای طراحی آموزشی مبتنی بر نظریه مدل‌ذهنی تدوین شده و سپس مورد اعتباریابی قرارگرفت. در روش تحقیق کیفی از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی با طرح استقرایی و همچنین از روش طراحی و تدوین الگو استفاده شد. پس از تهیه چهارچوب اولیه مفهومی و سپس الگوی اولیه طراحی آموزشی، با استفاده از نظر صاحبنظران به بررسی میزان اعتبار درونی آن اقدام گردید و بعد از آن الگوی نهایی تدوین شد. در بخش کمی نیز برای رواسازی و اعتباربخشی بیرونی الگوی تدوین شده از روش نیمه آزمایشی با طرح پیش آزمون- پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل استفاده شد. آزمودنیها عبارت بودند از دانش‌آموزان سال سوم متوسطه که به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس از بین مدارس شهرستان سردشت انتخاب شدند. در هر گروه تعداد 16 نفر به روش همتاسازی قرار داده شدند. درس سوم کتاب فیزیک برای طراحی آموزشی انتخاب شد که پس از طراحی کردن آن براساس الگوی تدوین شده در گروه آزمایش آموزش داده شد. گروه کنترل نیز به روش مرسوم آموزش دیدند. در پایان نتایج آزمون‌های پیشرفت تحصیلی و آزمون حل مساله در دو گروه با استفاده از آزمون تی وابسته و آزمون تحلیل کوواریانس باهم مقایسه شدند. نتایج حاکی از تفاوت معنی‌دار نمرات دوگروه در هر دو آزمون بود. بدین معنی که طراحی آموزشی مبتنی بر مدل ذهنی باعث بهبود میزان یادگیری و مهارت حل مساله در دانش‌آموزان شده بود.
This research has been done to develop and validate an instructional design model based on mental model theory. Mental model theory tells that human being can do reasoning and problem solving through mental models. The main purpose of this model is to help pupils construct mental models, gain expertise and promote problem solving. In order to develop this model and response to research questions, mixed method selected. At first, qualitative research method has been used. The qualitative content analysis with deductive pattern and then Tracey and Richey's method has been used to develop that desired instructional design model. After presenting conceptual framework and then initial instructional design model, the internal validation to model with a Delphi method has been done to obtain and finally develop desired instructional design model. At the next section, to validate that instructional design model the experimental method have been used. In experimetal group that model applied and then compared with control group.
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