تحلیل موانع توسعه بهره‌وری در اداره کل واگن‌های راه‌آهن جمهوری اسلامی ایران براساس تحلیل شاخص‌های بهره‌وری و ارائه راهکارهای مؤثر بر ارتقای آن
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بازرگانیوحید برادران 1 , مظفر باراد 2 , مهیا محمدی 3
1 - استادیار گروه مهندسی صنایع، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی صنایع، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - کارشناس ارشد مهندسی صنایع واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: بهره‌وری, شاخص‌های بهره‌وری, اداره کل واگن‌های راه‌آهن جمهوری اسلامی ایران,
چکیده مقاله :
آنچه زمینه بقای سازمان ها را فراهم می آورد، توجه به جنبه‌های مختلف بهره‌وری شامل رعایت اصول و شیوه های صحیح انجام کارها (کارایی) و انجام کارهای صحیح (اثربخشی) است که سازمان ها در محیط رقابتی ملزم به تمرکز برآن و اجرای آن ها می باشند. شاید نتوان برای رسیدن به بهره وری میزان و سقف مشخصی را در نظر گرفت. اما آنچه اهمیت دارد، رسیدن به نقطه بهینگی در انجام امور و وظایف سازمانی است. سؤال اساسی پژوهش این است که مهم ترین راهکارهای ارتقای بهره وری در اداره کل واگن های راه آهن جمهوری اسلامی ایران چیست؟ برای رسیدن به پاسخ مطلوب، شاخص های بهره وری نیروی انسانی، سرمایه، انرژی و کل عوامل تعریف، اندازه‌گیری و تحلیل و مشخص شدکه مقادیر این شاخص ها در سال 1393 نسبت به سال 1384 افزایش یافته است. این پژوهش برای شناسایی موانع توسعه بهره وری، از ابزار پرسش نامه، استفاده شده است. نتایج آن نشان می دهد که عوامل فقدان فضای مناسب برای جذب سرمایه گذاری خارجی و عدم توسعه آن، کمبود منابع مالی و اعتباری جهت اجرای پروژه ها، مبهم بودن اهداف و برنامه های بلندمدت، مستهلک و فرسوده بودن ماشین آلات و تجهیزات تعمیرات و پایین بودن کیفیت کاری آن ها و وجود قوانین و مقررات محدودکننده، به ترتیب مهمترین موانع توسعه بهره وری در اداره کل واگن های راه آهن به شمار می روند. سپس برای رفع این موانع و رسیدن به بهره وری بالاتر، راهکارهایی ارائه شده است.
Considering the different aspects of productivity which includesobserving correct principles and procedures of doing the job well(efficiency) and doing the appropriate work (impressiveness). Perhaps itis not possible to identify any scale or maximum to achieve productivity,but the important thing is reaching optimization in executing theorganization affirs and duties. The main question is what are the mostimportant procedures to lead to the productivity in freight wagonsdepartment of railways of Islamic Republic of Iran? To achieve theappropriate response, manpower productivity indicators, capital, energyand all other items were defined, measured and analyzed to specify thatthe amount of these indicators in comparison with 2005 have beenincreased in 2005. To identify the productivity obstacles, a questionnairewas used. The results showed that lack of appropriate organizationalclimate for attraction foreign investment, lack of financial and creditresources for executing the projerct, ambiguous goals and long termprograming, amortized andworn- out machineries and repairingequipments, the existances of law and order are some of the mostimportant obstacles that productivity in freight wagons department ofrailways in Islamic republic of Iran have to deal with .at the end someprocedures have been recommended.
Abbasian, E., & Mehregan, N.(2008), Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in the Transportation and Communication Sector in Iranian Economy. Journal of Trasportation, 4, 317-327, (In Persian).
Abbaspour, A., & Badri, M.(2015), he Relationship Between Psychological Empowerment and Effective Factors of Productivity of Human Resources. Management Studies in Development & Evolution, 79, 73-100, (In Persian).
Ali, S., & Bafandeye Zendeh, A. R.(2013), Investigating Barriers to the Promotion of Productivity In Public Sector. Quarterly Journal of Productivity Management, 25, 53-66, (In Persian).
Almasi, M., Rostami, E., Fattahi, Sh.(2015), Mediating Effect of Correct Pattern of Consumption on the Relationship between Factors Affecting the Human Resource Productivity. Human Resource Management Researches, 1, 1-23, (In Persian).
Asgari, H. A.(2012), Productivity analysis in the industry of Ilam. Iranian Journal of Trade Studies (IJTS), 62, 101-123, (In Persian).
Atrkare Roshan, S., & rasouli, F.(2015), Measuring and Analysis of Total, Factor Productivity (Case Study: Industrial Sector of Kordestan Province). Quarterly Journal of Productivity Management, 33, 7-25, (In Persian).
Ammons, D. N.(2004), Productivity barriers in the public sector. New York: Marcel Dekker.
Arbués, P., Baños, J. F., & Mayor, M.(2015), The spatial productivity of transportation infrastructure. Transportation Research Part A, 75, 166–177.
Attar, A.A., Gupta, A. K.,& Desai,D. B.(2012), A Study of Various Factors Affecting Labour Productivity and Methods to Improve It. Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering (SICETE).
Baizaiee, S. E. (2005), Factors Determining the Value Added in Transportation Sector and GDP in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal of Trasportation, 2, 65-78, (In Persian).
Baradaran, V., & Valijani, M. A., (2016), Model to Improve the Labor Productivity at Iranian Tax Organization (A Case Study of the Eastern Tehran General Tax Directorate). tax research , 29, 165-184, (In Persian).
Bougna, E.,& Crozet, Y. (2016), Towards a liberalised European rail transport: Analysing and modelling the impact of competition on productive efficiency. Research in Transportation Economics, 59, 358–367
Crafts, N., Mills, T. C.& Mulatu, A. (2007), Total factor productivity growth on Britain’s railways, 1852–1912: A reappraisal of the evidence. Explorations in Economic History, 44, 608–634.
Dadfar, F., Tutunchi, J., & Tabatabayi Nasab, S. Z.(2014), Investigating the Factors Affecting the Promotion of Manpower Productivity in Railroad Company of Islamic Republic of Iran. International Conference on Business Development and Excellence, (In Persian).
Dashti, Gh., Negahban, S., & Hayati, B. (2015), Relationship between Factor Productivity and Agricultural Sustainability in Potato Farms of Ardabil Plain. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and ProductionScience, 1 & 2, 99-111, (In Persian).
Department of Statistics and Rail Transport Information. (2014), Railroad Transportation Statistics in 2014. available in: http://www.rai.ir, (In Persian).
Deshpande, A.,& Weisskopf, T.(2014), Does Affirmative Action Reduce Productivity? A Case Study of the Indian Railways. World Development, 64, 169–180.
Drucker, P. F. (1980), The deadly sins in public administration. Public Administrative Review, 40(2), 103–106.
Emam Meybodi, A., Mohammadi, T., & Behruz, A. (2015), Measurement of efficiency and productivity in natural gas refineries, Journal of F E D, 30, 59-81, (In Persian).
Fahami, R Maleki, H., Sarmadi, M. R., & Kordmirza, A. A. (2016), Determining the Fitness of Knowledge Management Components in Promoting the Productivity of Distance Education. Quarterly Journal of New Approaches in Educational Administration, 3, 1-18, (In Persian).
Gore, A. (1993), Creating a Government that Works Better and Costs Less: Transforming Organizational Structures. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Haghighat Monfared, J., & Kian, M. (2011), Factors Affecting the Productivity of Domestic Freight Companies in the Tehran Province. Management Researches, 1, 121-136, (In Persian).
Hosseini, M., Moradi, L., Khanjani, S., & Bakhshi, E. (2016), Correlation between organizational justice and productivity of Welfare organization’s staffs. JHPM, 2, 70-77, (In Persian).
Hosseyni, S. S., Shahbazi, H., & abbasifar, A. (2015), Research and Development Spillovers Impact on Productivity (Case study: Iran's agricultural sector). Quarterly Journal of Productivity Management, 33, 47-76, (In Persian).
Isaksson, A. (2009), Structural change and productivity growth: A Review with Implications for Developing Countries, Working Paper. 08/2009.
Kaufman, H. (2001), Major players: Bureaucracies in American government. Public Administrative Review, 61(1),18-42.
Kazemian, Gh., Rasooli, A., & Rafipoor, S. (2015), The advantages of rail transport compared to road within the city, based on a sustainable development approach, case study Tehran Metro Line 4. Research and Urban Planning, 23, 77-94, (In Persian).
Khaksar, Gh. R. (2001), Measuring and Analyzing Productivity in the Aluminum Industry of the Country. Quarterly the Economic Research, 1, 107-134, (In Persian).
Li, T., Yang, W., Zhang, H.,& Cao, X. (2016), Evaluating the impact of transport investment on the efficiency of regional integrated transport systems in China, Transport Policy, 45, 66-76.
Menéndez, M., Martínez, C., Sanz, G.,& Manuel Benitez, J. (2016), Development of a smart framework based on knowledge to support infrastructure maintenance decisions in railway corridors. Transportation Research Procedia, 14, 1987- 1995.
Movahhedi, M. M., Abtahi, Y., Rezayi Ahan, Sh. (2011), Assessing the change in efficiency and productivity growth of various railroads in the Islamic Republic of Iran using the data envelopment analysis and Malmquist index. 3rd Confrence on Data enevlpoment Analysis, (In Persian).
Naruei, M, Mehrabi Basharabadi, H. (2015), The Study of Government’s Supportive Policies’ Impact on Productivity in Agricultural Sector in Iran (Panel Data Approach). Majlis & Rahbord, 83, 101-122, (In Persian).
Pashazade, GH, A. (2012), Railways and advancement from the perspective of thinkers of Iran in the era of Nasir al-Din Shah, Journal of Historical Researches, 4, 57-70, (In Persian).
Pourkazemi, M. H., Samsami, H., & Ebrahimi Ghavam Abadi, Kh. (2012), Measuring Efficiency and Productivity of Public and Private Insurance Companies using Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Index, Sanaat-e-Bimeh, 4, 1-26, (In Persian).
Saghafi, M. (1999), Concepts of Measuring Productivity and its Indicators in Rail Passenger Transportation. 06th Railway Transportation Conference, (In Persian).
Salarieh, M., Mohamadi Nejad, A., & Moghaddasi, R. (2015), Impact of Technological Progress and Efficiency Changes on the Productivity Growth of Iran Agriculture Sector: Data Envelopment Analysi. Quarterly Journal of Economical Modeling, 2, 133-149, (In Persian).
Seyfnia, F., & Ojaghi, S. (2014), Measurement of railway productivity indices during the period of 2002-12 in order to plan for its improvement. 16th Railway Transportation Conference, (In Persian).
Shah Tahmasebi, E., Shams allahi, S., & Heydari, T. (2010), Study of the relative efficiency of passenger and cargo transportation in the provinces during the third and fourth years of the fourth program. Journal of Trasportation, 2, 127-141, (In Persian).
Talebi, D., & Ahmadi, F. (2009), Analysis of Productivity Indices and Improvement (Bahman Motor Center of Tehran). Management Perspective, 31, 119-138, (In Persian).
Taheri, Sh. (2006), Productivity Analysis in Organization. Tehran: Hestan:Publishers, (In Persian).
Tsionas, E. G., Baltas, N. C.,& Chionis, D. P. (2008), Cost Structure, Efficiency and Productivity in Hellenic Railways.The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, 5 (1), 39–52.
_||_Abbasian, E., & Mehregan, N.(2008), Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in the Transportation and Communication Sector in Iranian Economy. Journal of Trasportation, 4, 317-327, (In Persian).
Abbaspour, A., & Badri, M.(2015), he Relationship Between Psychological Empowerment and Effective Factors of Productivity of Human Resources. Management Studies in Development & Evolution, 79, 73-100, (In Persian).
Ali, S., & Bafandeye Zendeh, A. R.(2013), Investigating Barriers to the Promotion of Productivity In Public Sector. Quarterly Journal of Productivity Management, 25, 53-66, (In Persian).
Almasi, M., Rostami, E., Fattahi, Sh.(2015), Mediating Effect of Correct Pattern of Consumption on the Relationship between Factors Affecting the Human Resource Productivity. Human Resource Management Researches, 1, 1-23, (In Persian).
Asgari, H. A.(2012), Productivity analysis in the industry of Ilam. Iranian Journal of Trade Studies (IJTS), 62, 101-123, (In Persian).
Atrkare Roshan, S., & rasouli, F.(2015), Measuring and Analysis of Total, Factor Productivity (Case Study: Industrial Sector of Kordestan Province). Quarterly Journal of Productivity Management, 33, 7-25, (In Persian).
Ammons, D. N.(2004), Productivity barriers in the public sector. New York: Marcel Dekker.
Arbués, P., Baños, J. F., & Mayor, M.(2015), The spatial productivity of transportation infrastructure. Transportation Research Part A, 75, 166–177.
Attar, A.A., Gupta, A. K.,& Desai,D. B.(2012), A Study of Various Factors Affecting Labour Productivity and Methods to Improve It. Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering (SICETE).
Baizaiee, S. E. (2005), Factors Determining the Value Added in Transportation Sector and GDP in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Journal of Trasportation, 2, 65-78, (In Persian).
Baradaran, V., & Valijani, M. A., (2016), Model to Improve the Labor Productivity at Iranian Tax Organization (A Case Study of the Eastern Tehran General Tax Directorate). tax research , 29, 165-184, (In Persian).
Bougna, E.,& Crozet, Y. (2016), Towards a liberalised European rail transport: Analysing and modelling the impact of competition on productive efficiency. Research in Transportation Economics, 59, 358–367
Crafts, N., Mills, T. C.& Mulatu, A. (2007), Total factor productivity growth on Britain’s railways, 1852–1912: A reappraisal of the evidence. Explorations in Economic History, 44, 608–634.
Dadfar, F., Tutunchi, J., & Tabatabayi Nasab, S. Z.(2014), Investigating the Factors Affecting the Promotion of Manpower Productivity in Railroad Company of Islamic Republic of Iran. International Conference on Business Development and Excellence, (In Persian).
Dashti, Gh., Negahban, S., & Hayati, B. (2015), Relationship between Factor Productivity and Agricultural Sustainability in Potato Farms of Ardabil Plain. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and ProductionScience, 1 & 2, 99-111, (In Persian).
Department of Statistics and Rail Transport Information. (2014), Railroad Transportation Statistics in 2014. available in: http://www.rai.ir, (In Persian).
Deshpande, A.,& Weisskopf, T.(2014), Does Affirmative Action Reduce Productivity? A Case Study of the Indian Railways. World Development, 64, 169–180.
Drucker, P. F. (1980), The deadly sins in public administration. Public Administrative Review, 40(2), 103–106.
Emam Meybodi, A., Mohammadi, T., & Behruz, A. (2015), Measurement of efficiency and productivity in natural gas refineries, Journal of F E D, 30, 59-81, (In Persian).
Fahami, R Maleki, H., Sarmadi, M. R., & Kordmirza, A. A. (2016), Determining the Fitness of Knowledge Management Components in Promoting the Productivity of Distance Education. Quarterly Journal of New Approaches in Educational Administration, 3, 1-18, (In Persian).
Gore, A. (1993), Creating a Government that Works Better and Costs Less: Transforming Organizational Structures. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Haghighat Monfared, J., & Kian, M. (2011), Factors Affecting the Productivity of Domestic Freight Companies in the Tehran Province. Management Researches, 1, 121-136, (In Persian).
Hosseini, M., Moradi, L., Khanjani, S., & Bakhshi, E. (2016), Correlation between organizational justice and productivity of Welfare organization’s staffs. JHPM, 2, 70-77, (In Persian).
Hosseyni, S. S., Shahbazi, H., & abbasifar, A. (2015), Research and Development Spillovers Impact on Productivity (Case study: Iran's agricultural sector). Quarterly Journal of Productivity Management, 33, 47-76, (In Persian).
Isaksson, A. (2009), Structural change and productivity growth: A Review with Implications for Developing Countries, Working Paper. 08/2009.
Kaufman, H. (2001), Major players: Bureaucracies in American government. Public Administrative Review, 61(1),18-42.
Kazemian, Gh., Rasooli, A., & Rafipoor, S. (2015), The advantages of rail transport compared to road within the city, based on a sustainable development approach, case study Tehran Metro Line 4. Research and Urban Planning, 23, 77-94, (In Persian).
Khaksar, Gh. R. (2001), Measuring and Analyzing Productivity in the Aluminum Industry of the Country. Quarterly the Economic Research, 1, 107-134, (In Persian).
Li, T., Yang, W., Zhang, H.,& Cao, X. (2016), Evaluating the impact of transport investment on the efficiency of regional integrated transport systems in China, Transport Policy, 45, 66-76.
Menéndez, M., Martínez, C., Sanz, G.,& Manuel Benitez, J. (2016), Development of a smart framework based on knowledge to support infrastructure maintenance decisions in railway corridors. Transportation Research Procedia, 14, 1987- 1995.
Movahhedi, M. M., Abtahi, Y., Rezayi Ahan, Sh. (2011), Assessing the change in efficiency and productivity growth of various railroads in the Islamic Republic of Iran using the data envelopment analysis and Malmquist index. 3rd Confrence on Data enevlpoment Analysis, (In Persian).
Naruei, M, Mehrabi Basharabadi, H. (2015), The Study of Government’s Supportive Policies’ Impact on Productivity in Agricultural Sector in Iran (Panel Data Approach). Majlis & Rahbord, 83, 101-122, (In Persian).
Pashazade, GH, A. (2012), Railways and advancement from the perspective of thinkers of Iran in the era of Nasir al-Din Shah, Journal of Historical Researches, 4, 57-70, (In Persian).
Pourkazemi, M. H., Samsami, H., & Ebrahimi Ghavam Abadi, Kh. (2012), Measuring Efficiency and Productivity of Public and Private Insurance Companies using Data Envelopment Analysis and Malmquist Index, Sanaat-e-Bimeh, 4, 1-26, (In Persian).
Saghafi, M. (1999), Concepts of Measuring Productivity and its Indicators in Rail Passenger Transportation. 06th Railway Transportation Conference, (In Persian).
Salarieh, M., Mohamadi Nejad, A., & Moghaddasi, R. (2015), Impact of Technological Progress and Efficiency Changes on the Productivity Growth of Iran Agriculture Sector: Data Envelopment Analysi. Quarterly Journal of Economical Modeling, 2, 133-149, (In Persian).
Seyfnia, F., & Ojaghi, S. (2014), Measurement of railway productivity indices during the period of 2002-12 in order to plan for its improvement. 16th Railway Transportation Conference, (In Persian).
Shah Tahmasebi, E., Shams allahi, S., & Heydari, T. (2010), Study of the relative efficiency of passenger and cargo transportation in the provinces during the third and fourth years of the fourth program. Journal of Trasportation, 2, 127-141, (In Persian).
Talebi, D., & Ahmadi, F. (2009), Analysis of Productivity Indices and Improvement (Bahman Motor Center of Tehran). Management Perspective, 31, 119-138, (In Persian).
Taheri, Sh. (2006), Productivity Analysis in Organization. Tehran: Hestan:Publishers, (In Persian).
Tsionas, E. G., Baltas, N. C.,& Chionis, D. P. (2008), Cost Structure, Efficiency and Productivity in Hellenic Railways.The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, 5 (1), 39–52.