اثر سرمایه‌های نامحسوس (اجتماعی، انسانی و سازمانی) بر بهره‌وری دانش (مطالعه موردی: شرکت های تابعه هولدینگ دارویی تأمین)
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت بازرگانیرضا سپهوند 1 , محسن عارف نژاد 2
1 - دانشیار گروه مدیریت دانشگاه لرستان، ایران
2 - استادیار گروه مدیریت دانشگاه لرستان، ایران
کلید واژه: سرمایه انسانی, سرمایه اجتماعی, سرمایه سازمانی, بهره‌وری دانش, سرمایه نامحسوس,
چکیده مقاله :
با پیچیده شدن رقابت در عرصه کسب وکار به‌ویژه در صنایع و سازمان‌های دانش‌بنیان دارویی، نقش سرمایه‌های نامحسوس بیش از هر زمان دیگری پررنگ شده است. در واقع هر چه برشدت رقابت افزوده می‌گردد، اهمیت سرمایه‌های نامحسوس بیشتر شده، از میزان اهمیت سرمایه‌های فیزیکی و ثابت کاسته می‌شود. هدف این پژوهش بررسی اثر سرمایه‌های انسانی، سازمانی و اجتماعی بر بهره‌وری دانش در شرکت های دارویی ایران است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش صنعت دارویی کشور و نمونه آماری شرکت های زیرمجموعه هولدینگ دارویی تأمین (TPICO) می‌باشد. برای گردآوری داده‌های این پژوهش از پرسش نامه سرمایه انسانی (سوبرمینین و یوندت ، 2005)، پرسش نامه سرمایه سازمانی (داونپورت و پراساک، 1998)، پرسش نامه سرمایه اجتماعی (بورت، 1992) و پرسش نامه بهره‌وری دانش (گوپتا و گویندارجان، 2000) استفاده‌شده است. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان‌دهنده اثرات مثبت و معنی‌دار ابعاد سه‌گانه سرمایه‌های نامحسوس بر بهره‌وری دانش در شرکت های دارویی ایران است.
The increase in complexification of business competition, especially in pharmaceutical knowledge-based industries and organizations, has highlighted the role of invisible capital. In fact, the growth in the intensity of competition is accompanied by a parallel increase in the significance of invisible assets and a drastic reduction in the importance of physical capital. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of social, human and organizational assets on knowledge productivity in Iranian drug companies. The research population consisted of the nation-wide pharmaceutical industry and the research sample comprised sub-holding Drug Supply Companies (TPICO). The research data were collected using Human Capital Questionnaire (Sabramanyam & Yandt, 2005), Organizational Capital Questionnaire (Davenport & Prusak, 1998), Social Capital Questionnaire (Burt, 1992) and Knowledge Productivity Questionnaire (Gupta & Govindarajan, 2000). The findings verified the significant and positive impact of the three dimensions of invisible assets on the knowledge productivity in the pharmaceutical companies in Iran.
Alirezaei, A, Paktinat, I.(2017), Investigating the Relationship between Social Capital and Intellectual Capital with staff Productivity (Case Study: Kerman University of Medical Sciences).International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. 6 (1), 465-471.
Anand, N., Gardner, H. K. and Morris, T.(2007), "Knowledge-based innovation: Emergence and embedding new practice areas in management consulting firms", Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 50 No. 2, pp. 406-426.
Bashardost, M.(2010), Investigating the Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Productivity of Payame Noor University in Gilan Province. Master's thesis, Payame Noor University, (In Persian).
Bavakhani, A.(2017), The Effect of Intellectual Capital on Knowledge Management in Knowledge-Based Organizations (Case Study: The Atomic Energy Organization of Iran). Library and Information Science Research (LISRJ), 6 (2), 24-42, (In Persian).
Bontis, N., Keow, W. C. C. and Richardson, S.(2000), "Intellectual capital and business performance in Malaysian industries", Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 85-100.
Bozorgzadeh, A., & Kochehbaghy, P.(2016), The Impact of Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Management on Human Resources Productivity: Asia Insurance. The First International Conference on the New Paradigms of Business Intelligence and Organizational Management, (In Persian).
Chen, J., Zhu, Z. and Xie, H.Y. (2004), Measuring intellectual capital: a new model and empirical Study. Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol.5, No.1, pp.195-212.
Dadashi Jokandan, A., & Ghaneh Koushsalshi, F.(2015), Investigating the Influence of Intellectual Capital and its Components on Knowledge Productivity. Case Study: Gilan Province Industry, Mining and Trade Organization, 1st International Management Conference, Economics, Accounting and Educational Sciences, Sari, Scientific Research and Advisory Consultants, Payame Noor University of Neka, (In Persian).
Danchev A.(2006), Social capital and sustainable behavior of the firm Industrial Management & Data System, 106(7): 953-965.
Darabi R., Nasiri .M, & Molaii eel zoleh A.(2017), Investigation the impact of intellectual capital on knowledge management processes by organizational culture (Case study: Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 20 (68),65-74, (In Persian).
Davenport, T. H. and Prusak, L.(1998),Working Knowledge. Cambridge: HBS Press.
Drucker, P.F.(1993), Postcapitalist Society. New York: HerperCollins Publishers.
Drucker, P.F.(1999a), "Knowledge-worker productivity: the biggest challenge", California Management Review, Vol. 41 No. 2, pp. 79-94.
Esmael pour, R., Kashani, H., & nikookar, H.(2014), Sharing knowledge: Analyzing role of effective factors on it and ranking factors, Journal of Productivity Management, 8 (31), 51-74, (In Persian).
Galbraith, J.K.(1996), The New Industrial State: Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Ganji Nia, H., & Habibzadeh, N.(2011), Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Productivity Productivity, Regional Conference on Intellectual Capital Accountancy, Gonbad-e-Kavus, Islamic Azad University, Gonbad-e-Kavos Branch,(In Persian).
Gupta, A. K. and Govindarajan, V.(2000), "Knowledge management's social dimension: Lessons from Nucor Steel", Sloan Management Review, Vol. 42 No. 1, pp. 71-79.
Hajikarimi.A. & farajian. M,.(2008), Human, Social and Emotional Capital Management with Effective Approach to Career Success an empirical study in mellat bank. Journal of Public Administration, 51, 1-65, (In Persian).
Harrison, R. and Kessels, J.W.M.(2004), Human Resource Development in a Knowledge Economy: An Organisational View. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hassanzadeh Samarin, T., Hassanzadeh, M., & Serajian, N.(2015), Explanation the Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Knowledge. IT Management Studies, 3(10), 39-58.
Jandaghi, G., Ghoreishi, S., & Ahadi Shoar, S.(2017), Investigating the Dimensions of Social Capital and Its Relation to Moral Marketing (Case: Sepah Bank Branches of Qom Province). Social Capital Management, 4(3), 309-332
Liu, P. L., Chen, W. C. and Tsai, C. H.(2005), "An empirical study on the correlation between the knowledge management method and new product development strategy on product performance in Taiwan industries", Technovation, Vol. 25, pp. 637-644.
Lu, S.-L., & Sexton, M.(2009), Innovation in small construction knowledge intensive professional service firms: a case study of an architectural practice. Study of an Architectural Practice and Economics, 24 (12), 1269-1282.
Machlup, F. (1972), The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States,. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Marr, B. and Roos, G.(2005), A strategy perspective on intellectual capital in Perspectives on Intellectual Capital-Multidisciplinary Insights into Management: Measurement and Reporting (Marr, B. ed.). Oxford: Butterworth- Heinemann.
McFadyen, M.A. and Canella, J.A.A.(2004), “Social capital and knowledge creation: diminishing returns of the number and strength of exchange relationships”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 23, pp. 242-66.
Nahapiet, J. and Ghoshal, S.(1998), "Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 23, pp. 242-266.
Narwal, K. P., & Yadav, N.(2017), The Impact of Intellectual Capital on the Indian Real Estate Sector Profitability and Productivity. Journal of Commerce and Accounting Research, 6(1).
Nassar, S.(2018), The Impact of Intellectual Capital on Firm Performance of the Turkish Real Estate Companies Before and After the Crisis. European Scientific Journal. Vol.14, No.1.
Nonaka, I.(1994), "A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation", Organization Science, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp. 14-37.
Obeidat, S, Abdallah, A, Aqqad, N, Oqlah, A, Maqableh, M.(2017), The Effect of Intellectual Capital on Organizational Performance: The Mediating Role of Knowledge. Communications and Network.9, 1-27
PourMahdavi. M, Pirzad, A.(2017), Study on effect of intellectual capital on knowledge sharing. International business management. 11(3): 814-820.
Powell, W. W. and Snellman, K.(2004), The knowledge economy (Vol. 30). Greenwich: CT: JAI Press.
Salehi Sedghiani, J., Akhavan Kharozian, M., Ahmadi Taheri, M. & Hatami, A.(2014), Investigating the Effect of Organizational Intellectual Capital on Knowledge Productivity in Media Organizations. Journal of Business Management.6 (24), 99-108, (In Persian).
Sarkhosh Hosseini,M.,&, Akhavan, P.(2016), The role of social capital in promoting the knowledge sharing and employees’ productivity in knowledge based industrial organizations, Journal of Productivity Management, 10 (38), 33-62, (In Persian).
Seetharaman, A., Lock, T., Low, K. and Saravanan, A.S.(2004), "Comparative justification on intellectual capital", Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol. 5 No. 4, pp. 522-539.
Shakaralahi, ZH, & Karimi, F.(2016), The Pattern of Relationships between Social Capital and Knowledge Management with Entrepreneurial Orientations of the Staff of Isfahan Tile Industry Company. Journal of Productivity Management, 9(36), 125-140, (In Persian).
Stam, C.D.(2007), "Making sense of knowledge productivity: beta testing the KPenhancer", Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol. 8 No. 4, pp. 628-640.
Stewart, T.A.(1997), Intellectual Capital: The New Wealth of Organizations. New. York: Currency/Doubleday.
Subramaniam, M. and Youndt, M.A.(2005), "The influence of intellectual capital on the types of innovative capabilities", Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 48 No. 3, pp. 450-463.
Sveiby, K.(1997), The New Organizational Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett Koehler.
Tseng, C. Y. and Goo, Y.J.J.(2005), "Intellectual capital and corporate value in an emerging economy: Empirical study of Taiwanese manufacturers", R&D Management, Vol. 35 No. 2, pp. 187-201.
Venieris.G, Venieris.V, Vlismas.O,(2015),Organization capital and sticky behavior of selling, general and administrative expenses, Management Accounting Research, www.elsevier.com/locate/ mar.
Wadhwa, A. and Kotha, S.(2006), “Knowledge creation through external venturing: evidence from the telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 49 No. 4, pp. 819-35.
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Alirezaei, A, Paktinat, I.(2017), Investigating the Relationship between Social Capital and Intellectual Capital with staff Productivity (Case Study: Kerman University of Medical Sciences).International Journal of Advanced Biological and Biomedical Research. 6 (1), 465-471.
Anand, N., Gardner, H. K. and Morris, T.(2007), "Knowledge-based innovation: Emergence and embedding new practice areas in management consulting firms", Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 50 No. 2, pp. 406-426.
Bashardost, M.(2010), Investigating the Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Productivity of Payame Noor University in Gilan Province. Master's thesis, Payame Noor University, (In Persian).
Bavakhani, A.(2017), The Effect of Intellectual Capital on Knowledge Management in Knowledge-Based Organizations (Case Study: The Atomic Energy Organization of Iran). Library and Information Science Research (LISRJ), 6 (2), 24-42, (In Persian).
Bontis, N., Keow, W. C. C. and Richardson, S.(2000), "Intellectual capital and business performance in Malaysian industries", Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 85-100.
Bozorgzadeh, A., & Kochehbaghy, P.(2016), The Impact of Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Management on Human Resources Productivity: Asia Insurance. The First International Conference on the New Paradigms of Business Intelligence and Organizational Management, (In Persian).
Chen, J., Zhu, Z. and Xie, H.Y. (2004), Measuring intellectual capital: a new model and empirical Study. Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol.5, No.1, pp.195-212.
Dadashi Jokandan, A., & Ghaneh Koushsalshi, F.(2015), Investigating the Influence of Intellectual Capital and its Components on Knowledge Productivity. Case Study: Gilan Province Industry, Mining and Trade Organization, 1st International Management Conference, Economics, Accounting and Educational Sciences, Sari, Scientific Research and Advisory Consultants, Payame Noor University of Neka, (In Persian).
Danchev A.(2006), Social capital and sustainable behavior of the firm Industrial Management & Data System, 106(7): 953-965.
Darabi R., Nasiri .M, & Molaii eel zoleh A.(2017), Investigation the impact of intellectual capital on knowledge management processes by organizational culture (Case study: Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 20 (68),65-74, (In Persian).
Davenport, T. H. and Prusak, L.(1998),Working Knowledge. Cambridge: HBS Press.
Drucker, P.F.(1993), Postcapitalist Society. New York: HerperCollins Publishers.
Drucker, P.F.(1999a), "Knowledge-worker productivity: the biggest challenge", California Management Review, Vol. 41 No. 2, pp. 79-94.
Esmael pour, R., Kashani, H., & nikookar, H.(2014), Sharing knowledge: Analyzing role of effective factors on it and ranking factors, Journal of Productivity Management, 8 (31), 51-74, (In Persian).
Galbraith, J.K.(1996), The New Industrial State: Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Ganji Nia, H., & Habibzadeh, N.(2011), Intellectual Capital and Knowledge Productivity Productivity, Regional Conference on Intellectual Capital Accountancy, Gonbad-e-Kavus, Islamic Azad University, Gonbad-e-Kavos Branch,(In Persian).
Gupta, A. K. and Govindarajan, V.(2000), "Knowledge management's social dimension: Lessons from Nucor Steel", Sloan Management Review, Vol. 42 No. 1, pp. 71-79.
Hajikarimi.A. & farajian. M,.(2008), Human, Social and Emotional Capital Management with Effective Approach to Career Success an empirical study in mellat bank. Journal of Public Administration, 51, 1-65, (In Persian).
Harrison, R. and Kessels, J.W.M.(2004), Human Resource Development in a Knowledge Economy: An Organisational View. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hassanzadeh Samarin, T., Hassanzadeh, M., & Serajian, N.(2015), Explanation the Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Knowledge. IT Management Studies, 3(10), 39-58.
Jandaghi, G., Ghoreishi, S., & Ahadi Shoar, S.(2017), Investigating the Dimensions of Social Capital and Its Relation to Moral Marketing (Case: Sepah Bank Branches of Qom Province). Social Capital Management, 4(3), 309-332
Liu, P. L., Chen, W. C. and Tsai, C. H.(2005), "An empirical study on the correlation between the knowledge management method and new product development strategy on product performance in Taiwan industries", Technovation, Vol. 25, pp. 637-644.
Lu, S.-L., & Sexton, M.(2009), Innovation in small construction knowledge intensive professional service firms: a case study of an architectural practice. Study of an Architectural Practice and Economics, 24 (12), 1269-1282.
Machlup, F. (1972), The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States,. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Marr, B. and Roos, G.(2005), A strategy perspective on intellectual capital in Perspectives on Intellectual Capital-Multidisciplinary Insights into Management: Measurement and Reporting (Marr, B. ed.). Oxford: Butterworth- Heinemann.
McFadyen, M.A. and Canella, J.A.A.(2004), “Social capital and knowledge creation: diminishing returns of the number and strength of exchange relationships”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 23, pp. 242-66.
Nahapiet, J. and Ghoshal, S.(1998), "Social capital, intellectual capital, and the organizational advantage", Academy of Management Review, Vol. 23, pp. 242-266.
Narwal, K. P., & Yadav, N.(2017), The Impact of Intellectual Capital on the Indian Real Estate Sector Profitability and Productivity. Journal of Commerce and Accounting Research, 6(1).
Nassar, S.(2018), The Impact of Intellectual Capital on Firm Performance of the Turkish Real Estate Companies Before and After the Crisis. European Scientific Journal. Vol.14, No.1.
Nonaka, I.(1994), "A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation", Organization Science, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp. 14-37.
Obeidat, S, Abdallah, A, Aqqad, N, Oqlah, A, Maqableh, M.(2017), The Effect of Intellectual Capital on Organizational Performance: The Mediating Role of Knowledge. Communications and Network.9, 1-27
PourMahdavi. M, Pirzad, A.(2017), Study on effect of intellectual capital on knowledge sharing. International business management. 11(3): 814-820.
Powell, W. W. and Snellman, K.(2004), The knowledge economy (Vol. 30). Greenwich: CT: JAI Press.
Salehi Sedghiani, J., Akhavan Kharozian, M., Ahmadi Taheri, M. & Hatami, A.(2014), Investigating the Effect of Organizational Intellectual Capital on Knowledge Productivity in Media Organizations. Journal of Business Management.6 (24), 99-108, (In Persian).
Sarkhosh Hosseini,M.,&, Akhavan, P.(2016), The role of social capital in promoting the knowledge sharing and employees’ productivity in knowledge based industrial organizations, Journal of Productivity Management, 10 (38), 33-62, (In Persian).
Seetharaman, A., Lock, T., Low, K. and Saravanan, A.S.(2004), "Comparative justification on intellectual capital", Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol. 5 No. 4, pp. 522-539.
Shakaralahi, ZH, & Karimi, F.(2016), The Pattern of Relationships between Social Capital and Knowledge Management with Entrepreneurial Orientations of the Staff of Isfahan Tile Industry Company. Journal of Productivity Management, 9(36), 125-140, (In Persian).
Stam, C.D.(2007), "Making sense of knowledge productivity: beta testing the KPenhancer", Journal of Intellectual Capital, Vol. 8 No. 4, pp. 628-640.
Stewart, T.A.(1997), Intellectual Capital: The New Wealth of Organizations. New. York: Currency/Doubleday.
Subramaniam, M. and Youndt, M.A.(2005), "The influence of intellectual capital on the types of innovative capabilities", Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 48 No. 3, pp. 450-463.
Sveiby, K.(1997), The New Organizational Wealth. San Francisco: Berrett Koehler.
Tseng, C. Y. and Goo, Y.J.J.(2005), "Intellectual capital and corporate value in an emerging economy: Empirical study of Taiwanese manufacturers", R&D Management, Vol. 35 No. 2, pp. 187-201.
Venieris.G, Venieris.V, Vlismas.O,(2015),Organization capital and sticky behavior of selling, general and administrative expenses, Management Accounting Research, www.elsevier.com/locate/ mar.
Wadhwa, A. and Kotha, S.(2006), “Knowledge creation through external venturing: evidence from the telecommunications equipment manufacturing industry”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 49 No. 4, pp. 819-35.