ارائۀ الگوی «نگهداشت سرمایه‌های فکری» مراکز علمی و پژوهشی در ایران
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت دولتیرضا نیک منش 1 , رضا نجف بیگی 2 , ابولحسن فقیهی 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری گروه مدیریت دولتی ،واحد علوم وتحقیقات ،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، تهران،ایران
2 - استاد گروه مدیریت دولتی،واحد علوم و تحقیقات ،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران،ایران
3 - استاد گروه مدیریت دولتی ،واحد علوم و تحقیقات ،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، تهران،ایران
کلید واژه: سرمایه‌های فکری, نخبگان علمی, نگهداشت نخبگان,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف اصلی تحقیق حاضر، ارائۀ مدل و الگوئی مناسب جهت حفظ و نگهداشت سرمایه‌های فکری کشور می باشد؛ دراین پژوهش، روش تحقیق ازنوع توصیفی (برمبنای روش تحقیق)، پیمایشی(برمبنای راهبرد)، کاربردی(برمبنای هدف تحقیق) است.تحلیل دادهۀ ا طبق روش توصیفی‌ـ تحلیلی (تحلیل تم) انجام می‌شود. گردآوری داده ها به دو روش کتابخانه ای و میدانی (انجام مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته با خبرگان به روش گلوله برفی و پرسش‌نامه های الکترونیکی) می باشد. دربررسی و تحلیل داده ها، از روش تحلیل مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری واز نرم افزارهای اس.پی.اس.اس و اسمارت پی.ال.اس استفاده شده است. محدودة تحقیق ، شهر تهران لحاظ شده وتعداد جامعة آماری محققان و پژوهشگران ، هفتصد نفر محاسبه گردیده است؛ دراین راستا به‌دلیل عدم اطلاع از واریانس و احتمال موفقیت یا عدم موفقیت متغیرها و همچنین محدودبودن جامعه، نمی‌توان ازفرمول‌های آماری برای برآوردحجم نمونه استفاده نمود؛ فلذا ازجدول تعیین نمونه مورگان استفاده شده است. طبق جدول مورگان، جامعة آماری نمونه به تعداد 248 نفر می‌باشد. در این خصوص 339 پرسشنامة الکترونیکی در فضای مجازی ارسال و 244 پاسخنامة الکترونیکی دریافت شد. پس ازشناسایی مؤلفه‌های تأثیرگذار و تعیین میزان و شدت اثرگذاری آنان ، به مؤلفه‌های ششگانه -به‌همراه یک متغیر میانجی دولت الکترونیک ویک متغیر تعدیل‌گر تعارض منافع- رسیده‌ایم. اولویت تأثیرگذاری مؤلفه‌های ششگانه‌ای که در این تحقیق بدان پرداخته شده است، به ترتیب ذیل می باشند: 1-خط‌مشی‌های ایجاد زیست‌بوم فنّاوری 2-خط‌مشی‌های نظام اداری نخبه‌محور و شایست سالار 3-خط‌مشی‌های سیاسی‌ـ قانونی 4- استراتژی، ساختار، فرهنگ، دانش سازمان یاد گیرنده 5-خط‌مشی‌های اقتصادی 6- خط‌مشی‌های اجتماعی‌ـ فرهنگی.
The main purpose of this study was to provide a suitable model for maintaining the intellectual capital in Iran. This study employed a descriptive research method, utilizing a survey strategy, and is applied in nature, matching the research objectives. Data analysis was conducted using a descriptive-analyltical method, in particular, theme analysis. Data collection was done in two ways: the library method and the field method, conducting semi-structured interviews with experts using snowball sampling technique as well as electronic questionnaires). In the data analysis, structural equation modeling analysis method and SPSS and Smart PLS software were used.The research context was Tehran and the statistical population of researchers included seven hundred people. However, due to the lack of knowledge about variance and the probability of success or failure of the variables and also the limited society, statistical formulas could not be used to estimate the sample size. Therefore, Morgan's sampling table was used. Based on the Morgan's table, the sample was 248 people. In this regard,339 electronic questionnaires were sent in cyberspace and 244 electronic questionnaires were received.After identifying the influential components and determining the extent and intensity of their impact, the researchers reached the six components along with a mediating variable of "e-government" and a moderating variable of "conflict of interest".The priority of effectiveness of the six components that were addressed in this research are as follows.1- Technological ecosystem creation policies, 2- Elite-oriented and merit-based administrative system policies, 3- Legal-political policies, 4- Learning organization strategy, structure, culture, knowledge, 5- Economic policies, and 6- Social policies- Cultural.
Abdesaboor,F. 2015. Comprehensive model for conceptualizing and establishing meritocracy in Iranian government organizations. The fifth conference of the Iranian Islamic model of progress, the basic model of progress,29-30 Ordibehesht. [In Pertian].
Abdolhamid,M., Ramezanpoor,D., Rezaiean,a. 1398. Presenting a model of effective factors on elite participation in the process of formulating public policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Public Management Research, 46(12),37-67. [In Persian].
Abily,K., Alvany,S.M., Marashy,S.J., & Erfanie,M.H. 1377. Roundtable on civil society, meritocracy, elite management. TADBIR,82. [In Persian].
Akgüç ,M and Di Salvo, M. (2020), BRAIN DRAIN IN SOUTHERN MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES: EVIDENCE, CHALLENGES & POLICIES, EMNES Policy Paper No 012, 1-34. doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-6372-0
Allen, A. 2011. Michael Young’s the rise of the meritocracy :A philosophical critique. British Journal of Educational Studies. 59(4). PP. 367-382. doi:10.14254/2071-789X.2017/10-1/8
Allen, A. 2015. Meritocracy. UNDP Global Centre for Public Service Excellence.
Alvanie,S.M. Akhavan Alavy,S.H. Bayat,T. & Hosainy Fard,S.M. 2013. Reviewing and analyzing the programs of the National Elite Foundation in the fields of recognizing, attracting, supporting and supporting the elites. Management in The Islamic University,1(3), 41-70. [In Persian].
Baranie,S., Faghihie,A.H., Najaf Baigy,R. 2017. Obstacles to the Transformation of the Iranian Administrative System: A Study in Organizational Culture. Public Management Research, 36(10),5-30.[In Persian].
Bell.D.A.2016.The China Model:Political Meritocracy and Limits of Democracy. Princeton University Press, 1-360. doi:10.1017/S1537592715003291
Brezis , E.S., & Crouzet , F. 2004. The institutions of the recruitment of power elites, meritocracy, and economic growth in western democracies. Venice International University, San Servolo.
Erfanian KHanzadeh,H., Najaf Baigy,R., Daneshfard,K. 2014. Electronic human resource management, a tool for transformation in productivity. Productivity management, 32(8),7-35. [In Persian].
Erlinghagen ,M. Ette ,A. F Schneider ,N. Nils WitteThe. (2021). Global Lives of German Migrants: Consequences of International Migration Across the Life Course, 1-324. ISSN 2364-4087 ISSN 2364-4095 (electronic), IMISCOE Research Series,ISBN 978-3-030-67497-7, Springer. doi.:10.1007/978-3-030-67498-4
Estebaa ,O . González-Fuente,F. Iñigo,(2014), The Migration of Skilled Women: A Case Study in the United Kingdom, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 161 (2014) 234–240, Elsevier. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.052
Facchini ,G . Maggie ,Y. Liu. Mayda ,A M . Zhou,M. (2019), China's “Great Migration”: The impact of the reduction in trade policy uncertainty, Journal of International Economics 120 (2019) 126–144,Elsevier. doi:10.1016/j.jinteco.2019.04.002 0022
Faghihie,A.H., Memarzadeh Tehran,GH., Safary,S., & Tahery Godarzy,H. 2013. Designing a knowledge strategy model for Iranian government organizations. Journal of Management Improvement,7(2), 5-30.[In Persian].
GHasemy,F., Daneshfard,K., Najaf Baigy,R., & Afshar Kazemy,M.A. 2017. Pathology of the Ministry of Petroleum. Journal of Management of Government Organizations,1(8),79-92.[In Persian]. doi:10.30473/ipom. 2019.48129.3765
Hazanzadeh,H., Mirsepasie,N., Faghihie,A.H., Najaf Baigy,R., & Afshar Kazemy,M.A. 2019. Providing a model system for attracting, providing and modifying entrepreneurial human resources in Iranian government organizations. Journal of Productivity Management,1(14),75-96.[In Persian].
Ijewereme, O.B. 2018. Civil service reforms and governance challenges in nigeria. In: Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance.PP.1-10.Springer.doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3535-1
Islam, M.S. 2018. Quota Versus Merit: From Affirmative Action to Meritocracy. BRAC University.
Jazany,N., Tavakoly Nejad,h., Memarzadeh Tehran,GH., & Afshar Kazemy,M.A. 2016. Identify and prioritize effective factors in employee retention . Journal of Human Resource Management Research,4(8),155-185.[In Persian]
Korsnes,O., Heilbron, J., Hjellbrekke, J., Bühlmann, F., & Savage, M.2017.New Directions Elite Studies.Taylor & Francis, 1-330. 15032-0843d-1pass-r02.indd
Libman, A. 2017. Bureaucracy and economic growth. In: Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance. Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_673-1
Murugova, V.V., Skorobogatov, A.V., Bagaeva, I.V., Volkova, N.V., Pavlova, V.A., Zhuravlev, V.P., & Apraksina, N.D. 2015. Positional approach to the political elite criteria selection in democratic states. Journal of Sustainable Development. 8(3), 271-276. ISSN 1913-9063 E-ISSN 1913-9071
Offu, P.O., Ukeje, I.O., & Offu, O.F. 2018. Service: The matrix of good governance in Nigeria-Africa. In: Service: The Matrix of Good Governance in Nigeria-Africa. Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy,and Governance.Springer,1-15.doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3499-1
Power M.J., & Kennedy, M. 2010. “The Smokescreen of meritocracy”: Elite education in Ireland and the reproduction of class privileg. Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies.8(2). PP. 223-248.
Salter, B., Zhou, Y., Datta, S., & Salter, C. 2016. Bioinformatics and the politics of innovation in the life sciences: Science and the state in the United Kingdom, China, and India. Science, Technology & Human Values. 41(5). PP. 793-826.doi:10.1177/0162243916631022
Samet, K. (2013), Circular migration between the North and the South:Effects on the source Southern economies,Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 93 ( 2013 ) 225 – 242, Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.09.182
SHatery,K., Abily,KH., Rezaiean,A., GHolipoor,A., & Moradfam,SH. 2015. Factors affecting the retention of talents and elites of the electricity industry in order to implement the general policies of science and technology. Strategic and macro policies,12.[In Persian].
Subbotin ,A. Samin , A .(2021), Brain drain and brain gain in Russia: Analyzing international migration of researchers by discipline using Scopus bibliometric data 1996–2020 , Scientometrics (2021) 126:7875–7900 , Springer. doi:10.1007/s11192-021-04091-x
T.Cowan ,A. R Cowan, K. T Walsh, S, (2019), Mitigating High-Skill Brain Drain in Low-Growth Economies: An Examination of Existing Brain-Drain Threats in New Mexico and Strategy and Policy Alternative to Address Them, Portland State University,1-8. doi:978-1-890843-39-7-2019 PICMET.
Taghavie Damghany,S.R.2007.An Attitude on Islamic Management.Islamic Advertising Organization,7.[In Persian].
Tan , K.P. 2008. Meritocracy and elitism in a global city ideological shifts in Singapore. International Political Science Review. 29(1). PP. 7-27. doi:10.1177/0192512107083445
Watts, M., Rodriguez Mora, J.V., & Comerford, D. 2017. The rise of meritocracy and the inheritance of advantage. Society for Economic Dynamics, 1-49.
WORLD BANK ECA ECONOMIC , UPDATE FALL (2019). Migration and Brain Drain. Europe and Central Asia Economic Update Office of the Chief Economist Fall, 1-136. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1506-5
Zhang , T.H. 2019.The rise of the princelings in china: career advantages and collective elite reproduction.Journal of East Asian Studies. 19(2), 169-196. DOI: 10.1017/jea.2019.11
Zhatkanbaeva , A. Zhatkanbaeva, J. Zhatkanbaev, E. (2012),The impact of globalization on "brain drain" in developing countries, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 47 (2012) 1490–1494, Elsevier. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.848
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Abdesaboor,F. 2015. Comprehensive model for conceptualizing and establishing meritocracy in Iranian government organizations. The fifth conference of the Iranian Islamic model of progress, the basic model of progress,29-30 Ordibehesht. [In Pertian].
Abdolhamid,M., Ramezanpoor,D., Rezaiean,a. 1398. Presenting a model of effective factors on elite participation in the process of formulating public policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Public Management Research, 46(12),37-67. [In Persian].
Abily,K., Alvany,S.M., Marashy,S.J., & Erfanie,M.H. 1377. Roundtable on civil society, meritocracy, elite management. TADBIR,82. [In Persian].
Akgüç ,M and Di Salvo, M. (2020), BRAIN DRAIN IN SOUTHERN MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES: EVIDENCE, CHALLENGES & POLICIES, EMNES Policy Paper No 012, 1-34. doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-6372-0
Allen, A. 2011. Michael Young’s the rise of the meritocracy :A philosophical critique. British Journal of Educational Studies. 59(4). PP. 367-382. doi:10.14254/2071-789X.2017/10-1/8
Allen, A. 2015. Meritocracy. UNDP Global Centre for Public Service Excellence.
Alvanie,S.M. Akhavan Alavy,S.H. Bayat,T. & Hosainy Fard,S.M. 2013. Reviewing and analyzing the programs of the National Elite Foundation in the fields of recognizing, attracting, supporting and supporting the elites. Management in The Islamic University,1(3), 41-70. [In Persian].
Baranie,S., Faghihie,A.H., Najaf Baigy,R. 2017. Obstacles to the Transformation of the Iranian Administrative System: A Study in Organizational Culture. Public Management Research, 36(10),5-30.[In Persian].
Bell.D.A.2016.The China Model:Political Meritocracy and Limits of Democracy. Princeton University Press, 1-360. doi:10.1017/S1537592715003291
Brezis , E.S., & Crouzet , F. 2004. The institutions of the recruitment of power elites, meritocracy, and economic growth in western democracies. Venice International University, San Servolo.
Erfanian KHanzadeh,H., Najaf Baigy,R., Daneshfard,K. 2014. Electronic human resource management, a tool for transformation in productivity. Productivity management, 32(8),7-35. [In Persian].
Erlinghagen ,M. Ette ,A. F Schneider ,N. Nils WitteThe. (2021). Global Lives of German Migrants: Consequences of International Migration Across the Life Course, 1-324. ISSN 2364-4087 ISSN 2364-4095 (electronic), IMISCOE Research Series,ISBN 978-3-030-67497-7, Springer. doi.:10.1007/978-3-030-67498-4
Estebaa ,O . González-Fuente,F. Iñigo,(2014), The Migration of Skilled Women: A Case Study in the United Kingdom, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 161 (2014) 234–240, Elsevier. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.12.052
Facchini ,G . Maggie ,Y. Liu. Mayda ,A M . Zhou,M. (2019), China's “Great Migration”: The impact of the reduction in trade policy uncertainty, Journal of International Economics 120 (2019) 126–144,Elsevier. doi:10.1016/j.jinteco.2019.04.002 0022
Faghihie,A.H., Memarzadeh Tehran,GH., Safary,S., & Tahery Godarzy,H. 2013. Designing a knowledge strategy model for Iranian government organizations. Journal of Management Improvement,7(2), 5-30.[In Persian].
GHasemy,F., Daneshfard,K., Najaf Baigy,R., & Afshar Kazemy,M.A. 2017. Pathology of the Ministry of Petroleum. Journal of Management of Government Organizations,1(8),79-92.[In Persian]. doi:10.30473/ipom. 2019.48129.3765
Hazanzadeh,H., Mirsepasie,N., Faghihie,A.H., Najaf Baigy,R., & Afshar Kazemy,M.A. 2019. Providing a model system for attracting, providing and modifying entrepreneurial human resources in Iranian government organizations. Journal of Productivity Management,1(14),75-96.[In Persian].
Ijewereme, O.B. 2018. Civil service reforms and governance challenges in nigeria. In: Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance.PP.1-10.Springer.doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3535-1
Islam, M.S. 2018. Quota Versus Merit: From Affirmative Action to Meritocracy. BRAC University.
Jazany,N., Tavakoly Nejad,h., Memarzadeh Tehran,GH., & Afshar Kazemy,M.A. 2016. Identify and prioritize effective factors in employee retention . Journal of Human Resource Management Research,4(8),155-185.[In Persian]
Korsnes,O., Heilbron, J., Hjellbrekke, J., Bühlmann, F., & Savage, M.2017.New Directions Elite Studies.Taylor & Francis, 1-330. 15032-0843d-1pass-r02.indd
Libman, A. 2017. Bureaucracy and economic growth. In: Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance. Springer International Publishing. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_673-1
Murugova, V.V., Skorobogatov, A.V., Bagaeva, I.V., Volkova, N.V., Pavlova, V.A., Zhuravlev, V.P., & Apraksina, N.D. 2015. Positional approach to the political elite criteria selection in democratic states. Journal of Sustainable Development. 8(3), 271-276. ISSN 1913-9063 E-ISSN 1913-9071
Offu, P.O., Ukeje, I.O., & Offu, O.F. 2018. Service: The matrix of good governance in Nigeria-Africa. In: Service: The Matrix of Good Governance in Nigeria-Africa. Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy,and Governance.Springer,1-15.doi:10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3499-1
Power M.J., & Kennedy, M. 2010. “The Smokescreen of meritocracy”: Elite education in Ireland and the reproduction of class privileg. Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies.8(2). PP. 223-248.
Salter, B., Zhou, Y., Datta, S., & Salter, C. 2016. Bioinformatics and the politics of innovation in the life sciences: Science and the state in the United Kingdom, China, and India. Science, Technology & Human Values. 41(5). PP. 793-826.doi:10.1177/0162243916631022
Samet, K. (2013), Circular migration between the North and the South:Effects on the source Southern economies,Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 93 ( 2013 ) 225 – 242, Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.09.182
SHatery,K., Abily,KH., Rezaiean,A., GHolipoor,A., & Moradfam,SH. 2015. Factors affecting the retention of talents and elites of the electricity industry in order to implement the general policies of science and technology. Strategic and macro policies,12.[In Persian].
Subbotin ,A. Samin , A .(2021), Brain drain and brain gain in Russia: Analyzing international migration of researchers by discipline using Scopus bibliometric data 1996–2020 , Scientometrics (2021) 126:7875–7900 , Springer. doi:10.1007/s11192-021-04091-x
T.Cowan ,A. R Cowan, K. T Walsh, S, (2019), Mitigating High-Skill Brain Drain in Low-Growth Economies: An Examination of Existing Brain-Drain Threats in New Mexico and Strategy and Policy Alternative to Address Them, Portland State University,1-8. doi:978-1-890843-39-7-2019 PICMET.
Taghavie Damghany,S.R.2007.An Attitude on Islamic Management.Islamic Advertising Organization,7.[In Persian].
Tan , K.P. 2008. Meritocracy and elitism in a global city ideological shifts in Singapore. International Political Science Review. 29(1). PP. 7-27. doi:10.1177/0192512107083445
Watts, M., Rodriguez Mora, J.V., & Comerford, D. 2017. The rise of meritocracy and the inheritance of advantage. Society for Economic Dynamics, 1-49.
WORLD BANK ECA ECONOMIC , UPDATE FALL (2019). Migration and Brain Drain. Europe and Central Asia Economic Update Office of the Chief Economist Fall, 1-136. doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-1506-5
Zhang , T.H. 2019.The rise of the princelings in china: career advantages and collective elite reproduction.Journal of East Asian Studies. 19(2), 169-196. DOI: 10.1017/jea.2019.11
Zhatkanbaeva , A. Zhatkanbaeva, J. Zhatkanbaev, E. (2012),The impact of globalization on "brain drain" in developing countries, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 47 (2012) 1490–1494, Elsevier. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.848