طراحی مدل ارزیابی فرصت های کارآفرینی درشرایط عدم اطمینان با استفاده از رویکرد فازی(مورد مطالعه صنعت نرم افزار)
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت (گرایش سیستم)شیوا مهدیزاده اقدم 1 , جهانگیر یدالهی فارسی 2 , نرگس ایمانی پور 3
1 - دانشجوی دکترای گروه کارآفرینی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین،ایران
2 - استاد گروه کارآفرینی، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
3 - دانشیار گروه کارآفرینی، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران .
کلید واژه: عدم اطمینان, رویکرد فازی, کارآفرینی فناورانه, ارزیابی فرصت,
چکیده مقاله :
تصمیم‌گیری برای انتخاب یک فرصت مناسب در شرایط عدم اطمینان، یک معضل رایج برای کارآفرینان است؛ سیستم راه‌اندازی نرم‌افزار به طور خاص با عدم اطمینان شدید و رقابت بیش از حد مواجه میباشد؛ بنابراین تحلیل فرصت‌ها و تهدیدها برای کارآفرینان حیاتی است. هدف پژوهش حاضر، طراحي مدل ارزيابي فرصت هاي كارآفريني در شرايط عدم اطمينان -در خصوص صنعت نرم افزار- با رويكرد فازي و با استفاده از روش آميخته است. جامعۀ آماری تحقیق شامل خبرگان حوزه صنعت نرم افزار مي باشد؛ براي اين منظور ابتدا با بررسي پيشينه، مبناي نظري تحقيق به دست آمده و در ادامه پس از مصاحبه و كد گذاري، تعداد 115 عبارت اوليه استخراج شده و كد گذاري آن‌ها صورت پذيرفته است، سپس با ادغام عبارات كلي با عبارات فرعي تعداد كدها به 84 رسيده و با ادغام موارد مشابه تعداد 29 مفهوم گزينش شده كه پس از گروه بندي، شش کدمحوری استخراج گشته است. سپس با رتبۀ بندي معيارهاي به دست آمده از طريق پرسشنامه توسط خبرگان و با روش Ahp فازي، بوسیله روش میانگین هندسی باکلی در نرم افزار اكسل صورت پذيرفته است. معيار عدم اطمينان منابع داراي رتبۀ اول، عدم اطمينان رقابتي داراي رتبۀ دوم، عدم اطمينان تكنولوژيكي رتبۀ سوم، عدم اطمينان سياسي، عدم اطمينان عامل و عدم اطمينان مشتري در رتبۀ هاي چهارم تا ششم قرار گرفته‌اند و در نهايت مدل ارزیابی فرصت های کارآفرینی درشرایط عدم اطمینان با استفاده از رویکرد فازی در صنعت نرم افزار طراحي گشته است.
Choosing a suitable opportunity in conditions of uncertainty is a common problem for entrepreneurs. The software startup procedure is particularly vulnerable to extreme uncertainty and competition; therefore, analyzing opportunities and threats is critical for software entrepreneurs. Hence, the present study aims to identify the criteria of uncertainty in evaluating entrepreneurial opportunities in technology-driven businesses of the software industry with a fuzzy approach using a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods. The statistical population of the research includes experts in the software industry. In this regard, first, a theoretical basis was obtained by examining the background. Second, we performed semi-structured interviews and extracted and coded 115 phrases. Third, after combining the general and subsidiary phrases, we reached 84 phrases, and by combining similar phrases, we selected 29 phrases. Forth, after categorizing those phrases, we determined the six axes of uncertainty and used the fuzzy Ahp technique and Geometric Buckley averaging in Microsoft Excel to rank those six axes as follows: 1-uncertainty in resources, 2-uncertainty in competition, 3-technological uncertainty, 4-political uncertainty, 5-uncertainty in agents, and 6-customer uncertainty. Finally, the model of evaluating entrepreneurial opportunities in conditions of uncertainty was designed using a fuzzy approach in the software industry.
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