The Morphological Traits of Iranian Native Cyclamens

محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی

Afsaneh Yavari Kondori ¹ , Rohangiz Naderi ² , Mahmood Khosrowshali ³ , Kambiz Larijani ⁴

1 - Department of Horticulture Science (Ornamental Plants), Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Horticulture Science (Ornamental Plants), Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Department of Biotechnology and Plant Breeding, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4 - Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

تاریخ دریافت : 1400/05/23 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/11/15 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/12/10

کلید واژه: cyclamen, Cytogenetic, Phytochemistry, Hypocotyl,

چکیده مقاله :

The cyclamen (Myrsinascea) as the flowers growing in some temperate regions, are of high ecological and botanical importance and endangered as well. Therefore, to provide an opportunity to identify and protect its species, Iranian native cyclamen was studied. Plants were collected (in winter and spring) from three northern provinces of Iran, i.e., Guilan, Mazandaran, and Golestan, and their morphological traits (14 quantitative and 10 qualitative traits) were assessed. Based on the analysis of variance, there were significant differences in some recorded traits, e.g., leaf number, flower number, flower color, and flower and leaf shape, which would allow selecting plants with more optimal traits. The cluster analysis divided the plants into three groups. Accordingly, the plants collected from the Shadan region in Golestan province and those collected from the Sinava and Shahsheshmeh regions in Chalus County, Mazandaran province differed from the plants collected from the other regions. The plants were collected from the Abpari and Lavij regions in Nur County, the Pasand region in Behshahr County, the Qarnabad region in Gorgan County, and the Deylaman region in Siahkal County were placed in the same group due to their similar morphology although they had been collected from three different provinces. The first group included the cyclamens of the Qarnabad region in Gorgan County, the Lavij region in Nur County, the Deylaman region in Siahkal County, the Pasand region in Behshahr County, and the Abpari region in Nur County. These plants had lowly toothed leaf margins, long petals, and few seeds. The second group included the cyclamens of the Shadan region in Kordkuy County. These plants had longer and heavier hypocotyls, larger and wider leaves, and smaller flowers. They showed the highest number of seeds, hypocotyl diameter, length, and weight, flower number, leaf length and width, leaf area, petiole and peduncle length, and peduncle diameter. The third group included the cyclamens of the Sinava and Shahsheshmeh regions in Chalus County. They had the highest petal width but the lowest peduncle diameter, leaf length, width, and area, flower and leaf number, and hypocotyl weight, length, and diameter. The cyclamens native to Iran are highly diverse in morphological traits and they need to be further investigated by cytogenetic, phytochemical, and molecular methods.

چکیده انگلیسی:

سیکلامن متعلق به خانواده Myrsinacea است و دربرخی مناطق معتدل زیر درختان و بوته ها رشد می کند.بدین منظورپژوهش در مورد صفات مورفولژی،فیتوشیمی و سیتوژنتیکی از سال 1394تا 1399 انجام شد.در این مطالعه سیکلامن ها از سه استان شمالی ایران،گیلان،مازندران و گرگان در فصل زمستان و بهار جمع آوری شده و صفات مورفولژی آنها در محل ارزیابی شد که این صفات شامل 15 صفت کمی و 9صفت کیفی بود. مطابق نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس، تنوع معنی داری میان صفات مطالعه شده مثل تعداد برگ،تعداد گل،رنگ گل،شکل گل و برگ و...وجود داشت که امکان گزینش گیاهانی با صفات مطلوب را فراهم می کندو نتیجه حاصل از تجزیه کلاستر،گیاهان مناطق مختلف رابه سه گروه مجزا تقسیم کرد و نشان داد گیاهان منطقه کردکوی از استان گلستان و همچنین گیاهان منطقه چالوس از استان مازندران متفاوت با سایر مناطق هستند. گیاهان مناطق نور، بهشهر، گرگان و سیاهکل با وجودی که از سه استان مجزا می‌باشند؛ اما بخاطر وجود شباهت‌هایی که از نظر مورفولوژی دارند در یک گروه قرار گرفتند. گروه اول شامل سیکلامن‌های مناطق قرن‏آباد، لاویج، دیلمان، پاسند و آب‏پری است. گیاهان این مناطق از نظر شکل حاشیه برگ کاملاً شبیه بوده و تضرس کمی داشتند. همچنین از نظر داشتن گلبرگ‏های بلند و تعداد بذر کم نیز شباهت داشتند. گروه دوم سیکلامن‏های منطقه کردکوی بود این گیاهان سوخ‌هایی بزرگ و سنگین، برگ‏های بزرگتر و عریض‏تر و همچنین گل‌های کوچکتری داشتند. سیکلامن‏های منطقه کردکوی بیشترین تعداد بذر، قطر، طول و وزن سوخ، تعداد گل، تعداد برگ، طول و عرض برگ، سطح برگ، طول دمبرگ و دمگل و نیز قطر دمگل را به خود اختصاص دادند. گروه سوم شامل مناطق سینوا و شاه‏چشمه چالوس بود. این گروه بیشترین عرض گلبرگ اما کمترین مقدار قطر دمگل، طول، عرض و سطح برگ، تعداد گل و برگ، وزن، طول و قطر سوخ را داشتند.

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