Evaluation of 13 Calendula (Calendula officinalis) Cultivars Response to Drought Stress
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی
Maryam Zarghami Moghadam
1
(Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran)
Mahmoud Shoor
2
(Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran)
Hossein Nemati
3
(Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran)
Ahmad Nezami
4
(Agronomy Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran)
کلید واژه: Water Scarcity, Bedding plants, Future insights, Low input landscape, Ornamental annuals,
چکیده مقاله :
Bedding plants form an important part of the urban public space and private gardens. Drought stress management is considered as an important factor in nowadays landscape. Low water use landscaping is becoming common issue in arid regions, little information is available about regulated deficit irrigation tolerance and responses of many ornamental plants, especially annuals and herbaceous perennials. Calendula officinalis L. (Asteraceae), known as calendula or marigold, is an annual species widely used around the world as a medicinal plant. The main aim of this study was to evaluate drought stress response at two levels (100 and 50% FC) on 13 pots of marigold cultivars (Candyman Orange, Fiesta Gitana, Citrus Cocktail, Neon, Candyman Yellow, Fruit Twist, Sherbet Fizz, Oopsy Daisy, Pot Marigold, Greenheart Orange, Calendula Porcupine, Pink Surprise and Touch of the Red) with 4 replicates under greenhouse conditions. The morphological and biochemical traits were measured and analyzed at the end of the experiment. Water stress (50% FC) reduced most of the evaluated traits and increased proline content (p <0.01). Flower characteristics such as flower and diameter were also observed declined as the aim indexes preserved. Finally two premium selected cultivars Neon and Candyman were selected as the most resistant. It seems that water supply is the main factor affecting growth and flowering is annual bedding plants and the quality and quantity declines in drought noticeably. Evaluation of these traits along with resistance response will help to use them for more sustainable with low input landscapes in mind.
گیاهان حاشیهای بخش پر اهمیتی از فضاهای سبز عمومی و همچنین باغهای خصوصی به شمار میآیند و مدیریت تنش امروزه بهعنوان یک عامل ارزشمند در فضاهای سبز شناخته میشود. خشکی یک تنش غیرزیستی عمده بوده و ظاهر و نمود گیاهان را محدود مینماید. فضاهای سبز با نیاز آبی کم رفته رفته به یک موضوع معمول در مناطق خشک تبدیل شده و اطلاعات اندکی درباره مقاومت نسبت به کم آبی و پاسخهای بسیاری از گیاهان زینتی به ویژه یکسالهها یا چندسالههای علفی در دسترس است. گیاه همیشه بهار یک گونه یکساله به شمار آمده که در سراسر دنیا به عنوان یک گیاه دارویی شناخته میشود. هدف اصلی این تحقیق بررسی و ارزیابی پاسخهای 13 رقم گیاه همیشه بهار (فیستا گیتانا،کَندیمَن اورنج، سیتروس کوکتیل،کَندیمَن یلو، نئون، فروت توئست، شِربیت فیز، اوپسی دیزی، پوت ماریگلد، گرینهرت اورنج، کالِندولا پروکوپاین، پینک سوپرایز، تاچ آف دِ رد) در برابر تنش خشکی در 2 سطح (100 و 50 % ظرفیت زراعی) به روش وزنی با 4 تکرار در شرایط گلخانهای بود. در پایان آزمایش برخی از صفات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی اندازهگیری و مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. تیمار کم آبی (50 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) بیشتر صفات مورد بررسی را به طور قابل ملاحظه کاهش داده و تنها پرولین را افزایش داد(P<0.01). شاخصها و صفات گل مانند قطر و تعداد نیز بهعنوان صفات محوری و مطلوب با کاهش روبرو شدند. در نهایت دو رقم برتر نئون و کَندیمَن مقاومترینها شناخته و گزینش شدند. به نظر میرسد منابع آبی مهمترین عامل موثر بر رشد و گلدهی در گیاهان یکساله حاشیهای بوده و کیفیت و کمیت در اثر خشکی کاهش معنیداری پیدا میکند. ارزیابی این صفات در کنار پاسخها در مقاومت به داشتن فضاهای سبز پایدارتر و با نیاز آبی کمتر در آینده کمک شایانی خواهد نمود.
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