جداسازی و شناسایی جمعیت‌های باکتریایی از آب و رسوب استخرهای پرورش ماهی کپور نقرهای
محورهای موضوعی : میکروب شناسی کاربردی
مهران آوخ کیسمی
1
*
,
علی محمد پور
2
,
محمد رهاننده
3
,
افشار ذوقی شلمانی
4
1 - بخش تحقیقات شیلات و آبزیان، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزي و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزي، رشت، ایران.
2 - بخش تحقیقات زیست محیطی، اداره کل محیط زیست استان گیلان، سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست کشور، رشت، ایران.
3 - بخش تحقیقات شیلات و آبزیان، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزي و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزي، رشت، ایران.
4 - بخش تحقیقات شیلات و آبزیان، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزي و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزي، رشت، ایران.
کلید واژه: آب, رسوبات, فلور باکتریایی, هیپوفیتالمیکتیس مولی‌تریکس, جداسازی. ,
چکیده مقاله :
در پرورش ماهی کپور نقرهای به دلیل روش تغذیه‌ای پوره خواری، بیماری‌های عفونی ناشی از باکتری‌ها یکی از عوامل مهم تلفات است که به دنبال تغییر کیفیت آب پرورشی ایجاد می گردد. هدف از اين مطالعه جداسازی و شناسايي فلور باکتریایی آب و رسوب استخرهای پرورش ماهی کپور نقرهای منطقه سنگر رشت بود. چهار مزرعه دارای مولدین ماهی کپور نقره ای (هیپوفیتالمیکتیس مولی‌تریکس) با میانگین وزن 0/99 ± 5/76 کیلوگرم بهعنوان محل های نمونه برداري در نظر گرفته شد. جهت جداسازی و شناسایی فلور باکتریایی آب و رسوب، نمونه های تهیه‌شده به‌صورت انفرادي برای كشت ميكروبي مقدماتي و تفريقي استفاده شدند. نمونه‌های رشدیافته پس از كشت مجدد، خالص‌سازي و بر اساس جدول آزمایش های شيميايي به بررسی و مطالعه خواص آن ها اقدام و تا حد گونه شناسايي‌گردیدند. در بررسی متغیرهای فیزیکوشیمیایی آب مزارع نمونه برداری شده و شمارش باکتریهای آب مکان های نمونهبرداری مولدین اختلاف معنی داری مشاهده نگردید. بعد از جداسازی و تعیین صفات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی باکتریهای جداسازی شده 11 جنس از آب و رسوب استخرهای پرورش شناسایی گردید که فراوان ترین آنها جنس های باسیلوس، آئروموناس و سودوموناس بودند. بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق، اختلاف تراکم باکتری های گرم منفی و گرم مثبت جداسازی شده از نمونه ها معنی‌دار نبود اگرچه تعداد زیادی از باکتری های جداسازی شده در این تحقیق بیماری‌زا شناخته شده‌اند، اما پاتوژن اولیه نبوده و در بدن آبزیان، در آب دریا، مصب ها و محیط های آب شیرین به عنوان قسمتی از میکرو‌فلورای‌طبیعی محسوب می شوند. البته در شرایط بروز استرس و تحلیل سیستم ایمنی بدن آبزیان می‌توانند بیماری زایی نمایند.
In silver carp farming, infectious diseases caused by bacteria are one of the important causes of mortality that occurs following changes in the quality of the culture water. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the bacterial flora of water and sediment in silver carp farming ponds in the Sangar of Rasht. Four farms with Hypophthalmichthys molitrix broodstocks (76.5 ±0.99 kg) were considered as sampling sites. In order to isolate and identify the bacterial flora of water and sediment, the samples prepared individually were used for preliminary and differential microbial culture. The grown samples were re-cultivated, purified and their properties were identified to the species level based. No significant differences were observed in the study of the physicochemical variables of the water and the bacterial count of the sampled farms. Totally 11 genera were identified from the water and sediment of the breeding ponds, the most abundant of which were the genera Bacillus, Aeromonas and Pseudomonas. According to the results of this study, the difference in the density of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria isolated from the samples was not significant. Although a large number of bacteria isolated in this study are known to be pathogenic, they are not primary pathogens and are considered part of the natural microflora in the body of aquatic animals, in seawater, estuaries and freshwater environments. Of course, in conditions of stress and degradation of the immune system of aquatic animals, they can become pathogenic.
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