مهندسی تولید چربی در ریزسازواره های روغنی
محورهای موضوعی : زیست فناوری میکروبی
فاطمه قناعتیان
1
(دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه سمنان، دانشکده زیست فناوری میکروبی، گروه زیست فناوری میکروبی)
احمدفرهاد طالبی
2
(استادیار، دانشگاه سمنان، دانشکده زیست فناوری، گروه زیست فناوری میکروبی)
کلید واژه: سوخت زیستی, مهندسی ژنتیک, متابولیسم چربی, روغن های میکروبی, ریزسازواره های روغنی,
چکیده مقاله :
روغن های میکروبی به دلیل تأمین اسیدهای چرب ضروری و به عنوان منابع تجدیدپذیر انرژی، مورد توجه محققین قرار دارند. ریزسازواره های روغنی تا بیش از 60 درصد وزن خود، روغن را به شکل تری گلیسرید انباشته می کنند. چهار گروه از ریزسازواره ها شامل باکتری ها، ریزجلبک ها، قارچ ها و مخمرها از بزرگترین تولید کننده های روغن های میکروبی هستند. عوامل مختلف فیزیکی و شیمیایی در تولید روغن های میکروبی موثراند. از میان عوامل مختلف می توان به منبع کربن، فقر برخی از مواد مغذی دما، شدت نور و pH محیط اشاره نمود. بهینه سازی تولید روغن های میکروبی توسط عوامل مختلف فیزیکی و شیمیایی با محدودیت هایی روبه رو است. بنابراین، در حال حاضر بیشتر پژوهش ها به سمت اصلاحات ژنتیکی برای بهینه سازی تولید چربی در ریزسازواره های روغنی معطوف شده اند. در این مطالعه مروری، نخست مقالات مرتبط با عنوان مهندسی تولید چربی در ریزسازواره های روغنی با کلیدواژه های مرتبط، از سال 1990 تا سال 2017 در پایگاه علمی جستجو و از بین 210 مقاله اصیل، جمعاً 89 مقاله انتخاب و مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. به منظور تحقق هرچه بهتر جایگزینی منابع جدید روغن در ابعاد وسیع، این منابع باید از نظر ویژگی های منحصربفردی مانند تولید اسیدهای چرب غیراشباع، عملکرد تولید روغن، محتوی و نوع چربی تولید شده بهینه شوند. مقاله حاضر تلاشی است برای ارائه مجموعه جامعی از راهبردهای افزایش عملکرد تولید روغن در ریزسازواره های روغنی که ضمن حفاظت از محیط زیست و منابع ژنتیکی، می توانند در راستای اهداف اقتصادی بنگاه های دانش بنیان موثر واقع شوند.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Microbial oils are of great interest to researchers as they provide essential fatty acids and are among renewable energy sources. Oleaginous microorganisms have the ability to produce oils up to 60% of their weight, most of which are accumulated in the form of triglycerides. Fouroleaginous genera including bacteria, microalgae, fungi, and yeasts are among the largestproducers of microbial oils. A variety of physical and chemical factors are effective in microbial oils production, among which carbon source, nutrient deficiency, temperature, light intensity and pH of the environment can be noticed. Considering the constraints faced by various physical and chemical treatments in microbial oils production, most researches are currently focusing ongenetic modifications to enhance lipid production in oleaginous microorganisms. This articlereviewed 210 peer-reviewed articles entitled engineering of lipid production in oleaginousmicroorganisms in scientific databases during 1990-2017, among which 89 to particles wereselected for further assessments. In order to have the best achievement in replacement of new oil sources on a large scale, these resources should be optimized in terms of unique properties such as unsaturated fatty acids production, lipid yield, as well as lipid profile. The present study is anattempt to recommend some basic approaches to increase microbial oils production by oleaginous microorganisms. These strategies should be in line with genetic and environment-protection priorities. Concurrently, they could be useful for knowledge-based enterprises from the economical point of view.
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_||_
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8. Beopoulos A, Nicaud J-M, Gaillardin C. An overview of lipid metabolism in yeasts and its
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Clin Pharmacol. 2017; 83(1): 46-53.
11. Passoth V. Lipids of yeasts and filamentous fungi and their importance for biotechnology.
Biotechnology of Yeasts and Filamentous Fungi: Springer; 2017; 83(1): 149-204.
12. ača , arcinčá , Čertí , pel a , arcinčá á , t á , lnár ,
lemp á , as aľ á . ffect f a in prefrmente cereal pr ct c ntainin
gamma-linolenic acid to broiler feed on production indicators and fatty acid profile of chicken
breast. Acta Ve Brno. 2014; 83(4): 379-384.
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production. Process Saf Environ. 2017; 92(3): 46-53.
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Biotechnol. 2008; 80(5): 749-756.
15. Spolaore P, Joannis-Cassan C, Duran E, Isambert A. Commercial applications of microalgae.
J Biosci Bioeng. 2006; 101(2): 87-96.
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2. Talebi AF, Mohtashami SK, Tabatabaei M, Tohidfar M, Bagheri A, Zeinalabedini M, Mirzaei
H, Mirzajanzadeh M, Shafaroudi S, Bakhtiari S. Fatty acids profiling: a selective criterion for
screening microalgae strains for biodiesel production. Algal Res. 2013; 2(3): 258-267.
3. Liang MH, Jiang JG. Advancing oleaginous microorganisms to produce lipid via metabolic
engineering technology. Prog Lipid Res. 2013; 52(4): 395-408.
4. Bellou S, Triantaphyllidou IE, Aggeli D, Elazzazy AM, Baeshen MN, Aggelis G. Microbial
oils as food additives: recent approaches for improving microbial oil production and its
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M. Biochemical modulation of lipid pathway in microalgae Dunaliella sp. for biodiesel
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6. Donot F, Fontana A, Baccou J, Strub C, Schorr-Galindo S. Single cell oils (SCOs) from
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135-150.
7. Adrio JL. Oleaginous yeasts: promising platforms for the production of oleochemicals and
biofuels. Biotechnol Bioeng. 2017; 144(19): 1915-1920.
8. Beopoulos A, Nicaud J-M, Gaillardin C. An overview of lipid metabolism in yeasts and its
impact on biotechnological processes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2011; 90(4): 1193-1206.
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Clin Pharmacol. 2017; 83(1): 46-53.
11. Passoth V. Lipids of yeasts and filamentous fungi and their importance for biotechnology.
Biotechnology of Yeasts and Filamentous Fungi: Springer; 2017; 83(1): 149-204.
12. ača , arcinčá , Čertí , pel a , arcinčá á , t á , lnár ,
lemp á , as aľ á . ffect f a in prefrmente cereal pr ct c ntainin
gamma-linolenic acid to broiler feed on production indicators and fatty acid profile of chicken
breast. Acta Ve Brno. 2014; 83(4): 379-384.
13. Madani M, Enshaeieh M, Abdoli A. Single cell oil and its application for biodiesel
production. Process Saf Environ. 2017; 92(3): 46-53.
14. Li Q, Du W, Liu D. Perspectives of microbial oils for biodiesel production. Appl Microbiol
Biotechnol. 2008; 80(5): 749-756.
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J Biosci Bioeng. 2006; 101(2): 87-96.
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a critical review. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2017; 37(1): 37-52.
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agro-industrial wastes. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2008; 24(9): 1703-1659.
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production. Biochem. 2004; 86(11): 807-815.
21. Haslam TM, Kunst L. Extending the story of very-long-chain fatty acid elongation. Plant Sci.
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research. Trends Biotechnol. 2011; 29(2): 53-61.
26. Rajakumari S, Grillitsch K, Daum G. Synthesis and turnover of non-polar lipids in yeast. Prog
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