رتبه‌بندی مهم‌ترین عوامل موثر بر توسعه اکوتوریسم پایدار با تاکید بر توان اکولوژیکی (مطالعه موردی: منطقه آزاد تجاری انزلی)
محورهای موضوعی : برنامه ریزی شهری
شهرزاد کریمی فر
1
,
سید محمد رضا خطیبی
2
,
وحید بیگدلی راد
3
1 - دانشجوی دکترای شهرسازی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه شهرسازی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.
3 - دانشیار، گروه شهرسازی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.
کلید واژه: توسعه, اکوتوریسم, پایداری, توان اکولوژیکی, منطقه آزاد تجاری انزلی,
چکیده مقاله :
گردشگری یک بخش کلیدی اقتصادی در سرتاسر جهان است که اهرم بزرگی را برای توسعه اقتصادی محلی ایجاد می کند، اما هم زمان فشارهای زیست محیطی قابل توجهی را نیز بر منابع طبیعی محلی وارد می سازد. در این میان، اکوتوریسم (گردشگری طبیعت محور) می تواند جایگزین مناسبی برای گردشگری سنتی برای به حداقل رساندن تأثیرات بر اکوسیستم باشد. از طرف دیگر مفهوم ظرفیت یا توان زاییده دانش اکولوژیکی است و بر این اصل استوار است که همواره یک محدودیتی در رشد جمعیت های زیستی وجود دارد. بنابراین توسعه اکوتوریسم پایدار نیازمند توجه ویژه به توان اکولوژیکی مناطق و شناسایی معیارها، برنامه ریزی دقیق و در نهایت ابزارهای نظارتی می باشد. پرسش اصلی پژوهش حاضر این است که مهم ترین معیارهای پایداری اکوتوریسم با تاکید بر توان اکولوژی با توجه به درجه اهمیتشان کدامند؟ برای پاسخ به این پرسش ابتدا با استفاده از فراتحلیل منابع در دسترس، مهم ترین معیارها و شاخص های تحقیق استخراج شده و سپس با روش دلفی فازی اولویت بندی می شوند. نتایج این رتبه بندی نشان می دهد که معیارمحیطی با وزن 0.01499800 در رتبه اول، معیار اقتصادی و حاکمیتی- مدیریتی (نهادی) همزمان با وزن 0.01487002 در رتبه دوم و معیار اجتماعی- فرهنگی با وزن 0.01398003 در رتبه سوم و در نهایت معیار فناوری با وزن 0.013482002 در رتبه چهارم اولویت بندی معیارها قرار گرفته اند. همچنین 10 مورد از مهم ترین شاخص های پایداری اکوتوریسم با تاکید بر توان اکولوژی در منطقه آزاد تجاری انزلی عبارتند از: شرایط آب و هوایی، توان اقتصادی، مناظر طبیعی، پتانسیل های طبیعی، تامین پایدار آب، رشد اقتصادی، کیفیت محیطی، گردشگری سبز، ظرفیت گردشگری و ایمنی (بحران های محیطی و انسانی).
Tourism is a key economic sector all over the world that creates a great lever for local economic development, but at the same time, it also imposes significant environmental pressures on local natural resources. Meanwhile, ecotourism (nature-oriented tourism) can be a suitable alternative to traditional tourism to minimize the effects on the ecosystem. On the other hand, the concept of capacity or power is born from ecological knowledge and is based on the principle that there is always a limit to the growth of biological populations. One of the most important sources of attracting tourists is the natural potential in each region, which has the highest demand in the tourism industry. In this regard, recognizing each region's capabilities is introduced as a necessity to create sustainable tourism. It is said that the sustainable tourism approach provides higher-quality tourist services and can improve the quality of life for residents. Therefore, sustainable ecotourism development criteria and indicators in each region are known and recommended as an important tool for tourism management. Therefore, attracting tourists and managing them based on the principles of sustainable development requires the adoption of correct management strategies in each region. Therefore, sustainable ecotourism development criteria and indicators in each region are known and recommended as an important tool for tourism management. Therefore, the development of sustainable ecotourism requires special attention to the ecological capacity of the regions and the identification of criteria, detailed planning and finally monitoring tools. The main question of the present research is, what are the most important sustainability criteria of ecotourism with emphasis on the power of ecology according to their degree of importance? In this regard, the most important factors are extracted using the meta-analysis of the available sources and then prioritized using the fuzzy Delphi method. In the first stage, the existing opinions are based and analyzed using the seven-step technique of Sandlowski and Barroso (2007), which is a structured model for qualitative text analysis and extracting concepts, and the tables of the Critical Assessment Skills Program (CASP). to be In the second stage, the most important ranking of the factors is determined by using the experts' questionnaire and the fuzzy Delphi method. The results show that the environmental criterion with a weight of 0.01499800 is in the first place, the economic and indicative-management (institutional) criterion with a weight of 0.01487002 is in the second place, and the socio-cultural criterion is in the third place with a weight of 0.01398003, and finally, the technology criterion is with a weight of 0.013482002. The criteria are ranked fourth. Also, 10 of the most important sustainability indicators of ecotourism with emphasis on ecological power in the Anzali Free Trade Zone are weather conditions, economic power, natural landscapes, natural potentials, sustainable water supply, economic growth, environmental quality, green tourism, tourism capacity and safety (environmental and human crises). Finally, some suggestions are presented regarding the research topic, including that ecotourism can be established in various areas and not only in protected natural areas. In addition to preserving the ecology of the regions, this issue can also use the maximum ecological capacity of diverse regions and reduce the concentration of tourists in one region.
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