کارایی چند نوع حشرهکش در کنترل تریپس پیاز Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thy.: Thripidae) در استان آذربایجانشرقی
محورهای موضوعی : حشره شناسی گیاهان زراعی
کلید واژه: کارایی, پیاز, حشرهکش, آذربایجانشرقی, تریپس,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی کارایی چند نوع حشرهکش و انتخاب مؤثرترین آن ها علیه تریپس پیاز، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با هفت تیمار و شاهد در چهار تکرار طی سالهای 1385 و 1386 اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل ایمیداکلوپرید (کونفیدور SC 350) 5/0 لیتر در هکتار، فیپرونیل (ریجنت G 2) 20 کیلوگرم در هکتار، اسپینوسد (تریسر SC 240) 50 گرم مادهی مؤثره در هکتار، تیودیکارب (لاروین DF 80) 5/1 کیلوگرم در هکتار، ایمیداکلوپرید (کونفیدور SC 350) 5/0 لیتر در هکتار به صورت محلولدهی پای بوتهها، دلتامترین (دسیس EC 2.5) 3/0 لیتر در هکتار ، اکسیماترین (کینگبو SL 6) یک لیتر در هکتار و شاهد (آب) بود. تعداد سمپاشیها دو نوبت در هر سال بود و در هر نوبت یک روز قبل و 10 روز بعد از سمپاشی، 5 بوته از هر کرت انتخاب و تعداد تریپسهای زنده (افراد کامل و پورهها) روی آن ها شمارش گردید. علاوه بر درصد تأثیر سموم، عمل کرد و اندازهی قطر پیازها در تیمارهای مختلف مورد تجزیهی آماری قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که ایمیداکلوپرید به روش محلولدهی پای بوتهها با 03/86 درصد تلفات، روی جمعیت تریپس پیاز بیش ترین تأثیر را داشته و بعد از آن تیمارهای اسپینوسد و ایمیداکلوپرید به روش محلولپاشی قرار گرفتند. فیپرونیل کمترین تأثیر را روی تریپس پیاز داشت. بیش ترین مقدار عمل کرد محصول در تیمار ایمیداکلوپرید به صورت محلولدهی پای بوتهها به دست آمد که با تیمارهای تیودیکارب، اکسیماترین و ایمیداکلوپرید به روش محلولپاشی روی بوتهها اختلاف معنیدار نداشت. کمترین مقدار عمل کرد محصول در تیمار فیپرونیل به دست آمد که با سایر تیمارها به جز ایمیداکلوپرید به روش محلولدهی پای بوتهها اختلاف معنیداری نشان نداد. بالاترین میانگین اندازهی قطر پیازها (65 میلی متر) در تیمار ایمیداکلوپرید به روش محلولدهی پای بوته بود که با تیمارهای اکسیماترین و ایمیداکلوپرید به روش محلولپاشی اختلاف معنیداری نداشت. کمترین میانگین اندازهی قطر پیاز در تیمار فیپرونیل مشاهده گردید که با سایر تیمارها به جز ایمیداکلوپرید به روش محلولدهی پای بوتهها اختلاف معنیداری نشان نداد.
In order to investigate the efficacy of some insecticides and grading for the most effective one against onion thrips, an experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with 7 treatments along with a control in 4 replications during years of 2006-2007. Treatments were including: Imidacloprid (Confidor SC 350, 0.5 Lit/ha), fipronil (Regent G 2, 20 Kg/ha), spinosad (Tracer SC 240, 50 gr AI/ha), thiodicarb (Larvin DF 80, 1.5 Kg/ha), imidacloprid (Confidor SC 350, 0.5 Lit/ha as soil application), deltametrin (Decis EC 2.5, 0.3 Lit/ha), oxymatrin (Kingbo SL 6, 1 Lit/ha) and the control (water). Number of spraying was 2 times in each year, and in each time, one day before and 10 days after spraying 5 onion plants were sampled randomly. Then the numbers of live thrips (adults and nymphs) were recorded. In addition to the percentages of mortality caused by the insecticides, yield and size of bulbs in different treatments were recorded and analyzed statistically. The results showed that imidacloprid (as soil application) with %86 mortality, had the highest effect on onion thrips population. This was followed by spinosad and imidacloprid (as spraying). Fipronil had the least efficiency on the pest. Imidacloprid (as soil application), thiodicarb, oxymatrin and imidacloprid (as spraying) treatments resulted the highest yield of onion. The smallest amount of the yield was obtained in fipronil. The highest size of onion (65 millimeter) was in the imidacloprid (as soil application), 0xymatrin and imidacloprid (as spraying). The least of onion size was observed in fipronil that showed no significant difference with other treatments except imidacloprid (as soil application).
Akbari-Noshad S. 1991. Comparison of effectiveness of some insecticides on onion thrips in East Azarbaijan Province. Research Project Report. Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of East Azarbaijan. 59 pp.
Akbari-Noshad S. 1994. Comparison of effectiveness of some insecticides on onion thrips in East Azarbaijan Province. Research Project Report. Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of East Azarbaijan. 103 pp.
Allen JKM, Scott-Dupree CD, Tolman JH, Harris CR. 2005. Resistance of Thrips tabaci to pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticides in Ontario, Canada. Pest Management Science 61:809–815.
Allen JKM, Tolman JH, Scott-Dupree CD. 2012. Evaluation of reduced risk pesticides for control of onion Thrips on onions. World Wide Web electronic publication. http//ipmcenters.org/ipmsymposiumv/posters/076.pdf. [Accessed on 4 September 2012].
Al Mazraawi MS. 2007. Interaction effects between Beauveria bassiana and imidacloprid against Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences 72(3): 549-555.
Anonymous 2010. Agricultural statistics book: crop yields of 2009-2010. Ministry of Jihad-e-Keshavarzi, Assistance of programming and economic, statistics and information technology office. Tehran. 119 pp.
Babu AR, Sudhakar TR, Babu TR, Sreeramulu M, Satyanarayana A. 2003. Efficacy of imidacloprid 200 SL applied in nursery against gall midge in rice. Indian Journal of Plant Protection 31(2): 109-110.
Bagheri S. 2000. Comparison of three onion cultivars in respect of infestation with Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in the North of Khuzestan- Dezful. Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 5-8 September 2000, Isfahan, p. 72.
Bocak L. 1995a. Comparison of onion cultivars in view of the infestation with onion thrips (Thrips tabaci). Zahradnictvi 22(1): 11-14.
Bocak L. 1995b. The efficacy of different insecticides against Thrips tabaci on onion. Zahradnictvi 22(3): 73-75.
Chaisuekul C, Riley DG. 2001. Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) feeding response to concentration of imidacloprid in tomato leaf tissue. Journal of Entomological Science 36(3): 315.
Davidson RH, Lyon WF. 1979. Insect pest's farm, garden, orchard. John Wiley and Sons, USA. 306 pp.
Diaz-Montano J, Fuchs M, Nault BA, Shelton AM. 2010. Evaluation of onion cultivars for resistance to onion Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) and Iris Yellow Spot Virus. Journal of Economic Entomology 103(3): 925-937.
Fournier F, Boivin G, Stewart RK. 1995. Effects of Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on yellow onion yields and economic thresholds for its management. Journal of Economic Entomology 88: 1401-1407.
Gervais JA, Luukinen B, Buhl K, Stone D. 2010. Imidacloprid technical fact sheet. National. Pesticide Information Center, Oregon State University Extension Services. http://npic.orst.edu/factsheets/imidacloprid.pdf. [Accessed on 4 September 2012].
Goncalves PAS, Guimaraes DR. 1996. Chemical control of Thrips tabaci at different times of transplanting of onion. Anais da Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil 25(1): 141-144.
Hausbeck MK. 2005. Pest management in the future, A strategic plan for the Michigan onion industry. In: Workshop summary, 4-5 November 2002. Michigan State University.
Hemmati F, Benedictois P. 2000. Screening of NPGBI Iranian accessions of onion for resistance to onion thrips (Thrips tabaci). Proceedings of the 14th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 5-8 September 2000, Isfahan, p. 71.
Kalafchi M, Mobli M, Ebadi RRM. 2005. A study of population fluctuation of onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind.) and its effect on bulbing and yield of selected onion cultivars in Isfahan. Iranian Journal of Agriculture and Science 36: 1465-1477.
Khan NA, Khan MA, Rabbani MG. 2001. Evaluation of different insecticides for the control of Thrips tabaci Lind. attacking onion bulb crop. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture 17(1): 107-109.
Martin NA, Workman PJ, Butler RC. 2003. Insecticide resistance in onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 31:99-106.
Mason G, Rancati M, Bosco D. 2000. The effect of thiamethoxam, a second generation neonicotinoid insecticide in preventing transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus (TYLCV) by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gernadius). Crop Protection 19(7): 473-479.
Shelton AM, Plate J, Chen M. 2008. Advances in control of onion thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in cabbage. Journal of Economic Entomology 101(2):438-43.
Shelton AM, Zhao JZ, Nault BA, Plate J, Musser FR, Larentzaki E. 2006. Patterns of insecticide resistance in onion thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in onion fields in New York. Journal of Economic Entomology 99(5):1798-1804.
Stivers L. 2012. Crop profile: onion in New York – World Wide Web electronic publication. http//pmep.cce.edu/fqpa/crop profiles/download/onion-profile. Pdf. [Accessed on 4 September 2012].
Tomlin CDS. 2006. The Pesticide Manual, A World Compendium. In: British Crop Protection Council: Surry, England, 14th ed. pp. 598-599.
Yousefi M, Abasifar A, Fathi Hafshejani A, Jalali Sendi J. 2011. Resistance of eight Iranian onion cultivars to onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman) in the Markazi Province of Iran. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6(21): 4925-4930.
Zezlina I, Blazic M. 2003. Testing the efficacy of different insecticides to control onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman, Thysanoptera, Thripidae) in onion crops. Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences 68(4): 287-90.