تعیین میزان انتشار آلاینده‌های واحد تصفیه فاضلاب شرکت پالایش نفت با استفاده از نرم‌افزار TOXCHEM
محورهای موضوعی :
آلودگی هوا
الهام محمودی
1
,
نعیمه جدیری
2
,
مرتضی رضایی
3
,
اسماعیل فاتحی فر
4
1 - کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه صنعتی سهند.
2 - استادیار، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه صنعتی سهند. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - کارشناسی ارشد، شرکت پالایش نفت تبریز، تبریز.
4 - استاد، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه صنعتی سهند.
تاریخ دریافت : 1398/06/12
تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/08/16
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/11/01
کلید واژه:
پالایشگاه,
TOXCHEM,
تخمین انتشار,
آلاینده‌های هوا,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: برآورد میزان انتشار آلاینده‌های مختلف از واحد تصفیه فاضلاب یک پالایشگاه نفت، یکی از مباحث مطرح در صنایع می‌باشد. آلاینده‌های منتشر شده از جمله سولفید هیدروژن و آمونیاک از جمله ترکیبات خطرناک هستند که باعث به خطر افتادن سلامتی پرسنل و بروز مسائل زیست محیطی می‌شوند. هدف از انجام این تحقیق بدست آوردن مقادیر انتشار این آلاینده ها به محیط زیست می باشد.
روش بررسی: در تحقیق حاضر که در سال 1398 انجام شده است، از نرم‌افزار TOXCHEM که متعلق به آژانس محیط زیست آمریکا می‌باشد، جهت تخمین انتشار آلاینده‌ها استفاده شده و نتایج حاصل از این نرم افزار با داده های واقعی موجود مقایسه شده است.
یافته ها: مقایسه نتایج حاصل از شبیه سازی و داده های موجود نشان می‌دهد که این نرم افزار قادر است مقادیر به مراتب نزدیکتری را به واقعیت تخمین بزند. براساس نتایج شبیه‌سازی حدود 45،000 گرم در روز آلاینده سولفید هیدروژن از حوضچه بیولوژیکی و بیش از 50،000 گرم در روز آمونیاک از مرحله تصفیه شیمیایی، وارد جو می‌شود. به دلیل عدم توانایی در کاهش این میزان انتشار در طی فرآیند تصفیه، نیاز به بهبود فرآیندهای پالایشی می‌باشد به طوری که فاضلاب خروجی از این واحدها حاوی میزان آلاینده کمتری باشد. همچنین با شبیه‌سازی واحد تصفیه فاضلاب مشخص گردید که حوضچه تصفیه بیولوژیکی به دلیل داشتن نقش اساسی در فرآیند تصفیه فاضلاب نیازمند کنترل وضعیت میکروارگانیسم‌ها می‌باشد.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: بالا بودن مساحت سطح حوضچه، وجود فرآیند هوادهی و جهت وزش باد، میزان انتشار از سطح حوضچه‌های واحد تصفیه فاضلاب را افزایش داده و کنترل انتشار آلاینده ها ضروری می‌باشد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Estimation of emissions from wastewater treatment plant of an oil refinery is one of the issues that need to be addressed. Air pollutants such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia are among the most dangerous chemicals that affect personnel health and create environmental issues in industrial facilities because of their carcinogenic and toxic characteristics. The aim of this study is to estimate the amount of emission of air pollutants to the environment.
Material and Methodology: In this study, TOXCHEM software was used to estimate the emission rates from wastewater treatment plant of an oil refining company and these results were compared with the available real data from the company.
Findings: Results showed that this software is able to estimate the emission rates with high accuracy. According to simulation results, about 45,000 grams of hydrogen sulfide per day from biological treatment section and more than 50,000 grams of ammonia per day from chemical treatment section are emitted into the atmosphere. Due to the limited capacity of wastewater treatment unit in reducing the harmful emissions, it was concluded that the refining processes need to be improved in order to reduce the amount of air pollutants in the wastewater sent to treatment unit. Also simulation showed that since the biological treatment section plays major role in treatment process, the control of microorganisms is required in this unit.
Discussion and Conclusion: Due to high surface area of wastewater treatment unit lagoons, aeration, wind direction and turbulence, high emission rates are observed and these emissions need to be controlled.
منابع و مأخذ:
Xu, N., Wang, W., Han, P. and Lu, X., 2009. Effects of ultrasound on oily sludge deoiling. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 171, pp: 914-917.
Mrayyan, B. and Battikhi, MN., Biodegradation of total organic carbons (TOC) in Jordanian petroleum sludge. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 120, pp. 127-134.
Wu, B-Z., Feng, T-Z., Sree, U., Chiu, K-H. and L, J-G., Sampling and analysis of volatile organics emitted from wastewater treatment plant and drain system of an industrial science park.Analytica chimica acta, Vol. 576, pp. 100-111.
Mahmoudi, E., 2016. Application of a novel material flow cost accounting for reduction of wastes in wastewater unit of Tabriz Oil Refining Company, MSc thesis, faculty of chemical engineering, Sahand University of Technology. (In Persian)
Gontarski, C. A., Rodriguez, P.R., Mori, M. and Pernem L.F., 2000. Simulation of an industrial wastewater treatment plant using atrificial neural networks. Computers and Chemical Engineering, Vol. 24, pp. 1719-1723.
Zhang, L., De Schryver, P., De Gusseme, B., De Muynck, W., Boon, N. and Verstraete, W., 2008. Chemical and biological technologies for hydrogen sulfide emission control in sewer systems: A review. Water Research, Vol. 42, pp. 1-12.
Fatehifar, E., Kaforoshan, D., Khazini, L., Soltanmohammadzadeh, J. S. and Sattar, H. R., 2008. Estimation of VOC emission from wastewater treatment unit in a petrochemical plant using emission factors. WSEAS Conferences, Cantabria, Spain, Santander.
Ashrafi, O., Yerushalmi, L. and Haghighat, F., Application of dynamic models to estimate greenhouse gas emission by wastewater treatment plants of the pulp and Paper industry. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 20, pp. 1858-1869.
Kim, D., 2014. Model development and system optimization to minimize greenhouse gas emissions fromwastewater treatment plants, PhD thesis. University of North Carolina.
Sattar, H., 2002. Identification and measurement of volatile organic compounds in wastewater unit of Tabriz petrochemical and refining company, MSc thesis, faculty of chemical engineering, Sahand University of Technology. (In Persian)
Parra, M.A., Gonzalez, L., Elustondo, D., Garrigo, J., Bermejo, R. and Santamaria, J. M., 2006. Spatial and temporal trends of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in a rural area of northern Spain. Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 370, pp. 157-167.
Zwain, H. M., Nile, B. K., Faris, A. M., Vakili, M. and Dahlan, I., 2020. Molelling of hydrogen sulfide fate and emissions in extended aeration sewage treatment plant using TOXCHEM simulations. Scientific Reports, Vol. 10, pp. 22209.
Masoomi, S. R., Azizi, M., Aghlmand, R., Gheibi, M. and Kian, Z., 2021. Simulating the dispersion of poisonous organic chemical compounds in wastewater treatment process through the active sludge method using the TOXChem model. Annals of Biomedical Science and Engineering. Vol. 5., pp. 25-31.
Gernaey, K..V., Van Lusdrecht, M. C. M., Henze, M., Lind, M. and Jorgensen, S. B., 2004. Activated sludge wastewater treatment plant modelling and simulation: state of the art. Environmental Modelling & Software, Vol. 19, pp. 763-783.
Quigley C., Card T., Monteith H., Witherspoon J., Adams G., Pettit W. and Torres E., 2006. A comparison of three wastewater collection system VOC emissions molels. Proceedings of the Water Environemnt Federation. pp. 1154-1174.
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Xu, N., Wang, W., Han, P. and Lu, X., 2009. Effects of ultrasound on oily sludge deoiling. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 171, pp: 914-917.
Mrayyan, B. and Battikhi, MN., Biodegradation of total organic carbons (TOC) in Jordanian petroleum sludge. Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 120, pp. 127-134.
Wu, B-Z., Feng, T-Z., Sree, U., Chiu, K-H. and L, J-G., Sampling and analysis of volatile organics emitted from wastewater treatment plant and drain system of an industrial science park.Analytica chimica acta, Vol. 576, pp. 100-111.
Mahmoudi, E., 2016. Application of a novel material flow cost accounting for reduction of wastes in wastewater unit of Tabriz Oil Refining Company, MSc thesis, faculty of chemical engineering, Sahand University of Technology. (In Persian)
Gontarski, C. A., Rodriguez, P.R., Mori, M. and Pernem L.F., 2000. Simulation of an industrial wastewater treatment plant using atrificial neural networks. Computers and Chemical Engineering, Vol. 24, pp. 1719-1723.
Zhang, L., De Schryver, P., De Gusseme, B., De Muynck, W., Boon, N. and Verstraete, W., 2008. Chemical and biological technologies for hydrogen sulfide emission control in sewer systems: A review. Water Research, Vol. 42, pp. 1-12.
Fatehifar, E., Kaforoshan, D., Khazini, L., Soltanmohammadzadeh, J. S. and Sattar, H. R., 2008. Estimation of VOC emission from wastewater treatment unit in a petrochemical plant using emission factors. WSEAS Conferences, Cantabria, Spain, Santander.
Ashrafi, O., Yerushalmi, L. and Haghighat, F., Application of dynamic models to estimate greenhouse gas emission by wastewater treatment plants of the pulp and Paper industry. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Vol. 20, pp. 1858-1869.
Kim, D., 2014. Model development and system optimization to minimize greenhouse gas emissions fromwastewater treatment plants, PhD thesis. University of North Carolina.
Sattar, H., 2002. Identification and measurement of volatile organic compounds in wastewater unit of Tabriz petrochemical and refining company, MSc thesis, faculty of chemical engineering, Sahand University of Technology. (In Persian)
Parra, M.A., Gonzalez, L., Elustondo, D., Garrigo, J., Bermejo, R. and Santamaria, J. M., 2006. Spatial and temporal trends of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in a rural area of northern Spain. Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 370, pp. 157-167.
Zwain, H. M., Nile, B. K., Faris, A. M., Vakili, M. and Dahlan, I., 2020. Molelling of hydrogen sulfide fate and emissions in extended aeration sewage treatment plant using TOXCHEM simulations. Scientific Reports, Vol. 10, pp. 22209.
Masoomi, S. R., Azizi, M., Aghlmand, R., Gheibi, M. and Kian, Z., 2021. Simulating the dispersion of poisonous organic chemical compounds in wastewater treatment process through the active sludge method using the TOXChem model. Annals of Biomedical Science and Engineering. Vol. 5., pp. 25-31.
Gernaey, K..V., Van Lusdrecht, M. C. M., Henze, M., Lind, M. and Jorgensen, S. B., 2004. Activated sludge wastewater treatment plant modelling and simulation: state of the art. Environmental Modelling & Software, Vol. 19, pp. 763-783.
Quigley C., Card T., Monteith H., Witherspoon J., Adams G., Pettit W. and Torres E., 2006. A comparison of three wastewater collection system VOC emissions molels. Proceedings of the Water Environemnt Federation. pp. 1154-1174.
