مطالعه تصفیه پساب شبیه‌سازی شده صنایع آبکاری حاوی فلز سنگین نیکل با فرایند اسمز مستقیم
محورهای موضوعی :
آلودگی محیط زیست (آب و فاضلاب)
اسماعیل کوهستانیان
1
,
محمد نعمت زاده
2
1 - استادیار گروه مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ایرانشهر، ایرانشهر، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی شیمی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1397/03/28
تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/10/01
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/08/01
کلید واژه:
اسمز مستقیم,
صنایع آبکاری,
فلزات سنگین,
تصفیه پساب,
فرایند غشایی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: فاضلاب صنایع آبکاری، یکی از پر مخاطره ترین نوع فاضلاب صنعتی است. امروزه فرایند اسمز مستقیم با قابلیت های بالقوه، به کارگیری آن جهت کاربردهای مختلف غشایی مورد توجه بسیاری از محققان قرار گرفته است، لذا در تحقیق حاضر فرایند اسمز مستقیم برای تصفیه پساب شبیه سازی شده صنایع آبکاری حاوی فلز سنگین نیکل مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است. علاوه بر این اثرات متغیرهای فرایند نظیر دما، فشار اسمزی و غلظت محلول خوراک بر عملکرد فرایند اسمز مستقیم از نظر شار آب تولیدی و راندمان دفع فلز نیکل ارزیابی شده است.روش بررسی: به منظور تحلیل آماری داده ها، کاهش هزینه های انجام آزمایش و صرفه جویی در زمان از نرم افزار Minitabو روش Taguchi برای طراحی آزمایش و تجزیه و تحلیل داده استفاده شده است.یافته ها: نتایج آزمایش ها نشان داده است که فرایند اسمز مستقیم علاوه بر شار آب تولیدی قابلیت حذف فلز سنگین نیکل تا بیش از 98% در شرایط مختلف عملیاتی را دارا استبحث و نتیجه گیری: افزایش فشار اسمزی و غلظت محلول خوراک به ترتیب سبب افزایش و کاهش شار آب تولیدی و میزان دفع نیکل می شوند، اما با افزایش دما میزان شار آب تولیدی افزایش و میزان دفع نیکل کاهش می یابد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: One of the most hazardous industrial wastewater is electroplating industry wastewater. Nowadays, the forward osmosis (FO) process with potential capabilities has been considered by many researchers for its various membrane applications. Hence, in the present study, for the treatment of simulated electroplating wastewater containing heavy-metal Nickel, has been investigated the FO process. Furthermore, the influence of process variables such as temperature, osmotic pressure and feed concentration have been evaluated on the performance of the FO process for water flux and Nickel rejection efficiency.Material and Methodology: In order to analyze the data and to reduce the cost of conducting the test and saving time, to design of experiment and analyze the data have been used the Minitab software and the Taguchi method.Finding: The results of the experiments showed that the forward osmosis process has the ability to produce water flux and even remove heavy metal Nickel to over 98% in different operating conditions.Discussion & Conclusion: The increase of the osmotic pressure and feed solution concentration increased and reduced the water flux and Nickel rejection, respectively, but with increasing temperature, the amount of water flux increased and the amount of nickel removal was reduced.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Chen Y, Gu G. Preliminary studies on continuous chromium (VI) biological removal from wastewater by anaerobic–aerobic activated sludge process. Bioresource technology. 2005;96(15):1713-21.
Sheng PX, Ting Y-P, Chen JP, Hong L. Sorption of lead, copper, cadmium, zinc, and nickel by marine algal biomass: characterization of biosorptive capacity and investigation of mechanisms. Journal of colloid and interface science. 2004;275(1):131-41.
Padmavathy V, Vasudevan P, Dhingra S. Biosorption of nickel (II) ions on Baker's yeast. Process Biochemistry. 2003;38(10):1389-95.
Villaescusa I, Fiol N, Martı́nez Ma, Miralles N, Poch J, Serarols J. Removal of copper and nickel ions from aqueous solutions by grape stalks wastes. Water research. 2004;38(4):992-1002.
Li H, Liu T, Li Z, Deng L. Low-cost supports used to immobilize fungi and reliable technique for removal hexavalent chromium in wastewater. Bioresource technology. 2008;99(7):2234-41.
Meena AK, Mishra G, Rai P, Rajagopal C, Nagar P. Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions using carbon aerogel as an adsorbent. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2005;122(1-2):161-70.
Rao M, Parwate A, Bhole A. Removal of Cr6+ and Ni2+ from aqueous solution using bagasse and fly ash. Waste management. 2002;22(7):821-30.
Remoudaki E, Hatzikioseyian A, Kousi P, Tsezos M. The mechanism of metals precipitation by biologically generated alkalinity in biofilm reactors. Water research. 2003;37(16):3843-54.
Zhao G, Li M, Hu Z, Hu H. Dissociation and removal of complex chromium ions containing in dye wastewaters. Separation and Purification Technology. 2005;43(3):227-32.
Sharma Y, Prasad G, Rupainwar D. Removal of Ni (II) from aqueous solutions by sorption. International journal of environmental studies. 1991;37(3):183-91.
Yan G, Viraraghavan T. Heavy metal removal in a biosorption column by immobilized M. rouxii biomass. Bioresource technology. 2001;78(3):243-9.
Zhang Y. Plating Wastewater Treatment. 2017.
Qdais HA, Moussa H. Removal of heavy metals from wastewater by membrane processes: a comparative study. Desalination. 2004;164(2):105-10.
Ipek U. Removal of Ni (II) and Zn (II) from an aqueous solutionby reverse osmosis. Desalination. 2005;174(2):161-9.
McCutcheon JR, McGinnis RL, Elimelech M. Desalination by ammonia–carbon dioxide forward osmosis: influence of draw and feed solution concentrations on process performance. Journal of Membrane Science. 2006;278, 114-23.
Cath TY, Childress AE, Elimelech M. Forward osmosis: principles, applications, and recent developments. Journal of Membrane Science. 2006;281(1):70-87.
Shaffer DL, Werber JR, Jaramillo H, Lin S, Elimelech M. Forward osmosis: where are we now? Desalination. 2015;356:271-84.
Liu L, Wang M, Wang D, Gao C. Current patents of forward osmosis membrane process. Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering. 2009;2(1):76-82.
Achilli A, Cath TY, Childress AE. Selection of inorganic-based draw solutions for forward osmosis applications. Journal of Membrane Science. 2010;364(1):233-41.
Cui Y, Ge Q, Liu X-Y, Chung T-S. Novel forward osmosis process to effectively remove heavy metal ions. Journal of Membrane Science. 2014;467:188-94.
Moghaddam J, Kolahgar-Azari S, Karimi S. Determination of optimum conditions for nano-silver preparation from AgCl based on the Taguchi design by the use of optical properties of silver. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 2012;51(8):3224-8.
Sheidaei B, Behnajady MA. Determination of optimum conditions for removal of Acid Orange 7 in batch-recirculated photoreactor with immobilized TiO2-P25 nanoparticles by Taguchi method. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2015;56(9):2417-24.
Ng HY, Tang W, Wong Performance of forward (direct) osmosis process: membrane structure and transport phenomenon. Environmental Science & Technology. 2006;40(7):2408-13.
Baker RW. Overview of membrane science and technology. Membrane technology and applications. 2004;3:1-14.
Noh M, Mok Y, Lee S, Kim H, Lee SH, Jin G-w, et al. Novel lower critical solution temperature phase transition materials effectively control osmosis by mild temperature changes. Chemical Communications. 2012;48(32):3845-7.
Zhao S, Zou L. Effects of working temperature on separation performance, membrane scaling and cleaning in forward osmosis desalination. Desalination. 2011;278(1):157-64.
Nematzadeh M, Samimi A, Shokrollahzadeh S. Application of sodium bicarbonate as draw solution in forward osmosis desalination: influence of temperature and linear flow velocity. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2016;57(44):20784-91.
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Wang J, Chen C. Biosorption of heavy metals by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: a review. Biotechnology advances. 2006;24(5):427-51.
Algarra M, Jiménez MV, Rodríguez-Castellón E, Jiménez-López A, Jiménez-Jiménez J. Heavy metals removal from electroplating wastewater by aminopropyl-Si MCM-41. Chemosphere. 2005;59(6):779-86.
Chen Y, Gu G. Preliminary studies on continuous chromium (VI) biological removal from wastewater by anaerobic–aerobic activated sludge process. Bioresource technology. 2005;96(15):1713-21.
Sheng PX, Ting Y-P, Chen JP, Hong L. Sorption of lead, copper, cadmium, zinc, and nickel by marine algal biomass: characterization of biosorptive capacity and investigation of mechanisms. Journal of colloid and interface science. 2004;275(1):131-41.
Padmavathy V, Vasudevan P, Dhingra S. Biosorption of nickel (II) ions on Baker's yeast. Process Biochemistry. 2003;38(10):1389-95.
Villaescusa I, Fiol N, Martı́nez Ma, Miralles N, Poch J, Serarols J. Removal of copper and nickel ions from aqueous solutions by grape stalks wastes. Water research. 2004;38(4):992-1002.
Li H, Liu T, Li Z, Deng L. Low-cost supports used to immobilize fungi and reliable technique for removal hexavalent chromium in wastewater. Bioresource technology. 2008;99(7):2234-41.
Meena AK, Mishra G, Rai P, Rajagopal C, Nagar P. Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions using carbon aerogel as an adsorbent. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2005;122(1-2):161-70.
Rao M, Parwate A, Bhole A. Removal of Cr6+ and Ni2+ from aqueous solution using bagasse and fly ash. Waste management. 2002;22(7):821-30.
Remoudaki E, Hatzikioseyian A, Kousi P, Tsezos M. The mechanism of metals precipitation by biologically generated alkalinity in biofilm reactors. Water research. 2003;37(16):3843-54.
Zhao G, Li M, Hu Z, Hu H. Dissociation and removal of complex chromium ions containing in dye wastewaters. Separation and Purification Technology. 2005;43(3):227-32.
Sharma Y, Prasad G, Rupainwar D. Removal of Ni (II) from aqueous solutions by sorption. International journal of environmental studies. 1991;37(3):183-91.
Yan G, Viraraghavan T. Heavy metal removal in a biosorption column by immobilized M. rouxii biomass. Bioresource technology. 2001;78(3):243-9.
Zhang Y. Plating Wastewater Treatment. 2017.
Qdais HA, Moussa H. Removal of heavy metals from wastewater by membrane processes: a comparative study. Desalination. 2004;164(2):105-10.
Ipek U. Removal of Ni (II) and Zn (II) from an aqueous solutionby reverse osmosis. Desalination. 2005;174(2):161-9.
McCutcheon JR, McGinnis RL, Elimelech M. Desalination by ammonia–carbon dioxide forward osmosis: influence of draw and feed solution concentrations on process performance. Journal of Membrane Science. 2006;278, 114-23.
Cath TY, Childress AE, Elimelech M. Forward osmosis: principles, applications, and recent developments. Journal of Membrane Science. 2006;281(1):70-87.
Shaffer DL, Werber JR, Jaramillo H, Lin S, Elimelech M. Forward osmosis: where are we now? Desalination. 2015;356:271-84.
Liu L, Wang M, Wang D, Gao C. Current patents of forward osmosis membrane process. Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering. 2009;2(1):76-82.
Achilli A, Cath TY, Childress AE. Selection of inorganic-based draw solutions for forward osmosis applications. Journal of Membrane Science. 2010;364(1):233-41.
Cui Y, Ge Q, Liu X-Y, Chung T-S. Novel forward osmosis process to effectively remove heavy metal ions. Journal of Membrane Science. 2014;467:188-94.
Moghaddam J, Kolahgar-Azari S, Karimi S. Determination of optimum conditions for nano-silver preparation from AgCl based on the Taguchi design by the use of optical properties of silver. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 2012;51(8):3224-8.
Sheidaei B, Behnajady MA. Determination of optimum conditions for removal of Acid Orange 7 in batch-recirculated photoreactor with immobilized TiO2-P25 nanoparticles by Taguchi method. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2015;56(9):2417-24.
Ng HY, Tang W, Wong Performance of forward (direct) osmosis process: membrane structure and transport phenomenon. Environmental Science & Technology. 2006;40(7):2408-13.
Baker RW. Overview of membrane science and technology. Membrane technology and applications. 2004;3:1-14.
Noh M, Mok Y, Lee S, Kim H, Lee SH, Jin G-w, et al. Novel lower critical solution temperature phase transition materials effectively control osmosis by mild temperature changes. Chemical Communications. 2012;48(32):3845-7.
Zhao S, Zou L. Effects of working temperature on separation performance, membrane scaling and cleaning in forward osmosis desalination. Desalination. 2011;278(1):157-64.
Nematzadeh M, Samimi A, Shokrollahzadeh S. Application of sodium bicarbonate as draw solution in forward osmosis desalination: influence of temperature and linear flow velocity. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2016;57(44):20784-91.
