مدیریت پایدار زمین شهری در چارچوب الگوی حکمروائی یکپارچه زمین شهری (مطالعه موردی: ایران و شهر گرگان)*
محورهای موضوعی :
اقتصاد محیط زیست
علی وزیری نصیراباد
1
,
کیانوش ذاکرحقیقی
2
,
آرش بغدادی
3
1 - دانشجوی دکترای شهرسازی، واحد شهر قدس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد همدان،همدان،ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - استادیار گروه شهرسازی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی شهر قدس، تهران، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1399/07/28
تاریخ پذیرش : 1399/11/08
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/02/01
کلید واژه:
توسعه پایدار,
الگوی مناسب,
مدیریت پایدار زمین شهری,
حکمروایی یکپارچه زمین شهری,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: امروزه حکمروایی‌زمین به عنوان کارآمدترین شیوه اداره مسایل زمین مطرح شده‌است؛ پژوهش حاضر با قبول زمین به‌عنوان یک منبع و کالای محلی در سطوح شهری، سطح محلی را شایسته ترین نهادِ رسمیِ تحت لوای دولت مرکزی برای مدیریت آن می‌داند. این پژوهش به واکاوی وضعیت مدیریت زمینشهری در ایران و معرفی الگوی پیشنهادی جدید با عنوان الگوی حکمروایی یکپارچه زمین شهری در جهت کارآمدی آن پرداخته‌است.
روش بررسی: این پژوهش با استراتژی استقرائی و ترکیبی از روش‌های کمی و کیفی در سه سطح فضایی (ایران، استان گلستان و شهر گرگان) ارائه می گردد. جامعه آماری نیز نهادهای اصلی متولی حوزه زمین شهری و مراجعه کنندگان به آنها در سال 1398 می‌باشد. گردآوری داده‌ها از روش‌های اسنادی و میدانی و برای تحلیل داده ها از مدل اسپیرمن با نرم افزار آموس و روش سوات و ماتریس برنامه ریزی راهبردی کمی((QSPM استفاده گردید.
یافته ها: ترتیبات نهادی ناکارآمد، نبود یکپارچگی (افقی و عمودی) نهادهای مرتبط با زمین به حکمروایی ضعیف زمین و کارایی اقدامات دامن می زند. تحلیل‌ها نشان دادند متغیر مستقل یکپارچگی توافق‌گرا بیشترین مجموع تاثیرات را بر متغیر وابسته دارد و الگوی پیشنهادی پژوهش(حکمروایی یکپارچه زمین شهری) و مدیریت پایدار زمین شهری از نظر آماری رابطه معنی دار دارند.
بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان داد که مدیریت زمین شهری در ایران متمرکز، بسته و ناکارآمد است که سطوح محلی بصورت کارگزار عمل میکند. در نهایت الگوی حکمروایی یکپارچه زمین شهری مبتنی بر تدوین چشم‌انداز مشخص فرانهادی و سیاست راهبردی یکپارچه فرانهادی با هماهنگی و اجماع گرایی تمام متولیان وبازیگران با تفویض بخشی از اختیارات دولت به پایین‌ترین سطح نهادهای محلی به همراه ظرفیت‌سازی های لازم پیشنهاد گردید.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Today, land governance is considered to be the most efficient way of managing land issues;By accepting land as a local resource and commodity at the urban level,the present study considers the local level as the most appropriate official institution under the banner of the central government to manage it.This study investigates the situation of urban land management in Iran and introduces a new proposed model called the model of integrated urban land governance for its efficiency.
Material and Methodology: This research is presented with inductive strategy and a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods at three spatial levels (Iran, Golestan province and Gorgan city). The statistical population is the main institutions in charge of urban land and those who refer to them in 1398. Data collection was done by documentary and field methods and for data analysis, Spearman model with Amos software and Swat method and quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM) were used.
Findings: Inefficient institutional arrangements, lack of integration of land-related institutions contribute to poor land governance and efficiency of measures. The analyzes showed that independent variable of agreement-oriented integration has total effects on dependent variable and the proposed research model and sustainable urban land management have a statistically significant relationship.
Discussion and Conclusion: The results showed that urban land management in Iran is centralized, closed and inefficient,with local levels acting as agents.themodel of integrated urban land governance based onthe formulation of a clear meta-institutional vision and integrated meta-strategic strategic policy was proposed withthe coordination and consensus of allstakeholders andactors by delegating some government powers tothe lowest level of local institutions with the necessary capacity building.
منابع و مأخذ:
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(2002c). Improving Policy Coherence and Integration for Sustainable Development: A Checklist. PUMA, OECD: Paris
Brown, R. (2004). Local Institutional Development and Organisational Change for Advancing Sustainable Urban Water Futures. A paper presented at the Water Sensitive Urban Design conference: Cities as catchments. Adelaide, November.
Gleeson, B. and Low, N. (2000). Australian Urban Planning: New Challenges, New Agendas. Allen and Unwin: Australia.
Wakely, P., Hague, C., Crespin, J. and Jasko, C. (2006). Making Planning Work: A Guide to Approaches and Skills. Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd, United Kingdom.
Palmer, D.Et al.(2009).Towards Improved Land Governance, Land Tenure Working Paper 11,FAO and Human Settlements Programme:9.
Borras,Saturnino M.& Franco,Jennifer C.(2010).Contemporary Discourses and Contestations around Pro-Poor Land Policies and Land Governance, Journal of Agrarian Change, 10. No.1
Akrofi , E. Offei & Whittal, J .(2011). Traditional governance and customary peri-urban land delivery: a case study of Asokore Mampong in Ghana, peer review paper at the AfricaGEO conference held in Cape Town, May 2011.
Bala Garba, shaibu & Al-Mubaiyedh, saad .(1999). An assessment framework for public urban land management intervention. Land Use Policy 16 . 269-
McAuslan, Patrick. (1985). Urban land and shelter for the poor, Earthscan, London.
(1987). Our Common Future. World Commission for Environment and Development. Oxford University Press: Oxford.
Lafferty, W.M and Eckerberg, K. (1998). Conclusions: Comparative Perspectives on Evaluation and Explanation. In From The Earth Summit to Local Agenda 21: Working Towards Sustainable Development, edited by W.M. Lafferty and K Eckerberg, Earthscan: London.
Brown, (2004). Local Institutional Development and Organisational Change for Advancing Sustainable Urban Water Futures. A paper presented at the Water Sensitive Urban Design conference: Cities as catchments. Adelaide, November
Evans, , Joas, M., Sundback, S. and Theobald, K. (2005). Governing Sustainable Cities. Earthscan:United Kingdom.
20-De Magalhaes, (2002). Editorial Introduction: The Challenge of Building New Institutional Capacities. In Urban Governance, Institutional Capacity and Social Milieux, edited by Goran Cars, Patsy Healey, Ali Madanipour and Claudio de Magalhaes. Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot, England
Ivanova, M. (2005). Chapter 3 – Environment: The Path to Global Environmental Governance – Form and Function in Historical Perspective. In Governance for Sustainable Development: A Foundation for the Future, edited by G Ayre and R Callway. Earthscan: United Kingdom.
Raik B 2002. Capacity Building for Co-management of Wildlife in North America. From (Retrieved September 1, 2008).
OECD .(2002). Institutionalising Sustainable Development, OECD Sustainable Development Studies, OECD Publishing.
Enemarkestig A global land management perspective.(2009).
_||_
Davey, Kenneth.(1993). Element of Urban Management. Washington: World Bank.
Kahn, E.Matthew (2006), Green cities. Urban Growth and the Environment, the Brookings Institution.P.19
The role of the state in managing urban land supplyand prices in Egypt Araby Mostafa Morsi El2003，Habitat international,p.430
AtterhögMikael Municipal Land Management in Asia: A Comparative Study．CITYNET，the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific，p.3-52.
Mehdizadeh, Javad. (2000). Land use planning from the perspective of sustainable development, Farnhad Consulting Engineers, Journal of Urban Planning and Design, Tehran. (In Persian)
6- Kivell, Philip. (1993). Land and The City Patterns and Processes of Urban Change. London and New York. Rutledge.
(2002c). Improving Policy Coherence and Integration for Sustainable Development: A Checklist. PUMA, OECD: Paris
Brown, R. (2004). Local Institutional Development and Organisational Change for Advancing Sustainable Urban Water Futures. A paper presented at the Water Sensitive Urban Design conference: Cities as catchments. Adelaide, November.
Gleeson, B. and Low, N. (2000). Australian Urban Planning: New Challenges, New Agendas. Allen and Unwin: Australia.
Wakely, P., Hague, C., Crespin, J. and Jasko, C. (2006). Making Planning Work: A Guide to Approaches and Skills. Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd, United Kingdom.
Palmer, D.Et al.(2009).Towards Improved Land Governance, Land Tenure Working Paper 11,FAO and Human Settlements Programme:9.
Borras,Saturnino M.& Franco,Jennifer C.(2010).Contemporary Discourses and Contestations around Pro-Poor Land Policies and Land Governance, Journal of Agrarian Change, 10. No.1
Akrofi , E. Offei & Whittal, J .(2011). Traditional governance and customary peri-urban land delivery: a case study of Asokore Mampong in Ghana, peer review paper at the AfricaGEO conference held in Cape Town, May 2011.
Bala Garba, shaibu & Al-Mubaiyedh, saad .(1999). An assessment framework for public urban land management intervention. Land Use Policy 16 . 269-
McAuslan, Patrick. (1985). Urban land and shelter for the poor, Earthscan, London.
(1987). Our Common Future. World Commission for Environment and Development. Oxford University Press: Oxford.
Lafferty, W.M and Eckerberg, K. (1998). Conclusions: Comparative Perspectives on Evaluation and Explanation. In From The Earth Summit to Local Agenda 21: Working Towards Sustainable Development, edited by W.M. Lafferty and K Eckerberg, Earthscan: London.
Brown, (2004). Local Institutional Development and Organisational Change for Advancing Sustainable Urban Water Futures. A paper presented at the Water Sensitive Urban Design conference: Cities as catchments. Adelaide, November
Evans, , Joas, M., Sundback, S. and Theobald, K. (2005). Governing Sustainable Cities. Earthscan:United Kingdom.
20-De Magalhaes, (2002). Editorial Introduction: The Challenge of Building New Institutional Capacities. In Urban Governance, Institutional Capacity and Social Milieux, edited by Goran Cars, Patsy Healey, Ali Madanipour and Claudio de Magalhaes. Ashgate Publishing, Aldershot, England
Ivanova, M. (2005). Chapter 3 – Environment: The Path to Global Environmental Governance – Form and Function in Historical Perspective. In Governance for Sustainable Development: A Foundation for the Future, edited by G Ayre and R Callway. Earthscan: United Kingdom.
Raik B 2002. Capacity Building for Co-management of Wildlife in North America. From (Retrieved September 1, 2008).
OECD .(2002). Institutionalising Sustainable Development, OECD Sustainable Development Studies, OECD Publishing.
Enemarkestig A global land management perspective.(2009).
