بررسی خصوصیات شیمیایی خاک جنگل های بینشکی رامسر در دامنه ارتفاعی 400 تا 1700 متر
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت محیط زیستاحمد برفی 1 , حمید پیام 2 , میرمظفر فلاح چای 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری جنگلداری،گروه جنگلداری، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران.
2 - گروه جنگلداری، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران.
3 - گروه جنگلداری، واحد لاهیجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران.
کلید واژه: متغیرهای خاک, ماده آلی, ارتفاع از سطح دريا, جنگل بینشکی.,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: آگاهي از وضعيت خاك هاي مناطق جنگلي و بررسي آثار فعاليت هاي مختلف صورت گرفته بر خصوصيات خاك بسيار مهم و در مديريت جنگل موثر است. خصوصیات خاک تحت تأثیر عوامل محیطی مختلف از جمله، ارتفاع تغییر می‌کند. اين مطالعه با هدف بررسي شاخص های خاک در طبقات ارتفاعی 400 تا 1700 متر از سطح دریا در سری یک منطقه جنگلی بنشکی شهرستان رامسر در استان مازندران صورت گرفت. روش بررسی: جهت نمونه برداری متغیرهای خاک در هر طبقه ارتفاعی، 3 قطعه نمونه 400 مترمربعی به فواصل 100 متر از یکدیگر مشخص گردید. نمونه خاکها از اعماق 0-10 و 10-30 سانتیمتری قطعات نمونه برداشته شدند. یافته‌ها: ویژگی‌های خاکی اندازه گیری شده شامل مقادیر درصد شن، درصد رس، درصد نيتروژن، ميزان پتاسيم، درصد كربن و ماده آلي و نيز pH خاک می باشند. بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتیجه این تحقیق نشان داد که اثر ارتفاع از سطح دریا بر روی مشخصه های خاک (درصد شن، درصد رس، درصدازت، ميزان پتاسيم، درصد كربن و ماده آلي و نيز pH خاك) در طبقات ارتفاعی مختلف معنی دار می باشد (05/0P˂).
Background and Objective: Awareness of the condition of soils in forest areas and the study of the effects of various activities on soil properties is very important and effective in forest management. Soil properties change under the influence of various environmental factors such as altitude. The aim of this study was to investigate soil indices at altitudes of 400 to 1700 meters above sea level in a series of Benshaki forest area in Ramsar city in Mazandaran province. Material and Methodology: For sampling soil variables in each altitude floor, 3 sample plots of 400 square meters at intervals of 100 meters from each other were identified. Findings: Soil samples were taken from 0-10 and 10-30 cm depths. Soil properties measured include sand content, clay content, nitrogen content, potassium content, carbon and organic matter content and soil pH. Discussion and Conclusion: The result of this study showed that the effect of altitude on soil characteristics (percentage of sand, percentage of clay, percentage of nitrogen, potassium, percentage of carbon and organic matter and soil pH) is significant in different altitude classes (P ˂).
1. Majnonian, H,1998, Plant Geography of Iran (Application of Plant Geography in Conservation). Environmental Protection Organization Publications, Tehran, translation of a work by Zohri, M. Et al. 222 p. (In Persian)
2. Marvi Mohajer, M, 2010, Forestry and Forestry, University of Tehran Press, 387 p. (In Persian)
3. Muller- Dombois, D. and Ellenberg, H. (2003) Aims and methods of vegetation ecol ogy. The Blackburn Press, New Jersey. 547p
4. Jenkins, M.A. Parker, A. 1998. Composition and diversity of woody vegetation in silvicultural openings of southern Indiana forests. Forest Ecology and Management 109:57-74.
5. Magurran, A. E. 2005. Measuring biological diversity. Blackwell Publishing. UK. 256pp.
6. Ardakani, M.R. 2000. Ecology. University of Tehran Press, 340 pages. (In Persian)
7. Emadodin, I., Reiss, S. and Bork, H. R. (2009). A study of the relationship between land management and soil aggregate stability (Case Study near Albersdorf Northern-Germany). Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 4 (4): 48-53.
8. Bronick, C. J. and Lal, R. (2005). Manuring and rotation effects on soil organic carbon concentration for different aggregate size fractions on two soils in northeastern Ohio, USA. Soil and Tillage Research, 81 (2): 239-252.
9. Barthès, B. G., Kouakoua, E., Larré-Larrouy, M. C., Razafimbelo, T. M., de Luca, E. F., Azontonde, A. and Feller, C. L. (2008). Texture and sesquioxide effects on water-stable aggregates and organic matter in some tropical soils. Geoderma, 143 (5): 14-25.
10. Fattet, M., Fu, Y., Ghestem, M., Ma, W., Foulonneau, M., Nespoulous, J. and Stokes, A. (2011). Effects of vegetation type on soil resistance to erosion: relationship between aggregate stability and shear strength. Catena, 87 (3): 60-69.
11. Zanella, A., Jabiol, B., Ponge, J.F., Sartori, G., De Waal, R., Van Delft, B., & Brêthes, A. (2009). Toward European humus forms reference base. Studi Trentini di Scienze Naturali, 85, 145 151.
12. Ponge, J.F., Sartori, G., Garlato, A., Ungaro, F., Zanella, A., Jabiol, B., & Obber, S. (2014). The impact of parent material, climate, soil type and vegetation on Venetian forest humus forms: a direct gradient approach. Geoderma, 226, 290-299.
13. Jabiol, B., Zanella, A., Ponge, J.F., Sartori, G., Englisch, M., Van Delft, B., de Waal, R., Le & Bayon, R.C. (2013). A proposal for including humus forms in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB-FAO). Geoderma, 192, 286-294.
14. Ponge, J.F., Sartori, G., Garlato, A., Ungaro, F., Zanella, A., Jabiol, B., & Obber, S. (2014). The impact of parent material, climate, soil type and vegetation on Venetian forest humus forms: a direct gradient approach. Geoderma, 226, 290-299.
15. Rezaei, G., Zarinkafsh, M., Eftekhari, K., 2016. Effect of Aspect and Elevation of Slope On Physical and Chemical Properties the Northern Slopes of Alborz Mountain Range (Case Study of Marzanabad in Mazandaran province). Second National Congress on the Development and Promotion of Iranian. Agricultural Engineering and Soil Science, Tehran, 16 June. (In Persian)
16. Arekhi, S., Heydari, M. and Pourbabaei, H. 2010. Vegetation-Environmental Relationships and Ecological Species Groups of the Ilam Oak Forest Landscape, Iran. Caspian J. Environ. Sci. 8: 2. 115-125. (In Persian)
17. Moghimian, N, Koch, Y, 2008, The effect of some physiographic and physicochemical factors of hornbeam forest habitat soil on earthworm biology, Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology Research, Volume 20, Number 2; Page 1-9. (In Persian)
18. Ivanov, V.Y., Bras, R.L., Vivoni, E.R., 2008. Energy-water Controls Of Vegetation Spatiotemporal Dynamics And Topographic Niches Of Favorability. Water Resources Research, 44 (3): 1-34.
19. Barnes, B.V., 1998. Forest ecology, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 773 pp.
20. Koorem, K. & M. Moora, 2010. Positive association between understory species richness and a dominant shrub species (Corylus avellana) in a boreonemoral spruce forest, Forest ecology and management, 260 (8): 1407-1413.
21. Jafari Haghighi, M. (2003). Sampling and important physical and chemical analysis. Zoha Press.
22. Karamian, M., Hosseini, V., 2016. Effect of Trees Canopy and Topography On Some Chemical Properties of Forest Soil (Case Study: The Forest of Ilam Province, Dalab). Journal of Natural Ecosystemes of Iran, 7 (1): 81-97.
23. Labaz, B., Galka, B., Bogacz, A., Waroszewski, J., & Kabala, C. (2014). Factors influencing humus forms and forest litter properties in the mid-mountains under temperate climate of southwestern Poland. Geoderma, 230, 265-273.
24. Jaberolansar, N., Chappell, K. J., Watterson, D., Bermingham, I. M., Toth, I., Young, P. R., et al. (2017). Induction of high titerd, non-neutralising antibodies by self-adjuvanting peptide epitopes derived from the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein. Sci. Rep. 7:11130.
25. Jiapaer, G., Liang, S., Yi, Q., Liu, J., 2015. Vegetation Dynamics and Responses To Recent Climate Change In Xinjiang Using Leaf Area Index As An Indicator. Ecological Indicators, 58, 64-76.
26. Fisher, m. A. & fuel, p.z., 2004. Changes in forest vegetation and carbuncular mycorrhizae along a step elevation gradient in Arizona. Forest Ecology and Management. 114: 405-420.