ارزیابی تأثیر تغییرات الگوهای کاربری اراضی و ساختار کالبدی شهر بر تغییرات مکانی آلاینده‌های هوای شهری (مطالعه موردی: شهر تهران)
محورهای موضوعی :
آلودگی هوا
وحید مشفقی
1
,
سمیرا یوسفیان
2
1 - گروه شهرسازی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
2 - دکتری شهرسازی، تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
تاریخ دریافت : 1398/05/28
تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/08/21
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/08/01
کلید واژه:
تغییرات کاربری,
پراکنش شهری,
شهر تهران,
آلاینده‌های هوا,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: ساختار کالبدی اراضی نشان‌دهنده نحوه توزیع و ترکیب افقی کاربری‌های شهری است که نقش بسیار مهمی در پراکنش آلاینده‌های و کیفیت هوای شهری دارد. مکان گزینی منابع آلاینده (مانند کاربری‌های صنعتی، تجاری، اداری، مسکونی و ...) و اثرگذاری آن بر توزیع سفرهای شهری و ترافیک، به دنبال خود بر میزان و نحوه‌ی توزیع آلاینده‌های منتشر شده تأثیر می‌گذارد. هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر بررسی نقش الگوی کاربری اراضی و ساختار کالبدی در تغییرات مکانی آلاینده‌های شهر تهران در بازه زمانی 1390- 1397 است.روش بررسی: جهت نیل به هدف تحقیق از تصاویر ماهواره‌ای لندست و همچنین از داده‌های آلایندگی مرکز کنترل کیفیت هوای تهران در سال‌های 1390 و 1397 استفاده شد، جهت طبقه‌بندی تصاویر ماهواره‌ای و مشخص نمودن نوع کاربری‌ها از روش شبکه عصبی مصنوعی در نرم‌افزار ENVI و همچنین جهت پهنه‌بندی غلظت آلایندگی هوای شهر تهران از مدل Kriging در نرم‌افزار Arc GIS استفاده شد (تاریخ انجام تحقیق: سال 1398).یافته‌ها: نتایج تحلیل خود همبستگی فضایی نشان داد که در طول مدت 7 سال بین تغییرات ساختار فضایی و میزان آلودگی هوای تهران همبستگی معناداری وجود داشته است.بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج بررسی تغییرات کاربری اراضی و شاخص‌های آلایندگی هوا نشان می‌دهد که افزایش ساخت‌وساز در غرب و شمال تهران باعث افزایش تمرکز آلاینده‌ها در این جهات از شهر شده درصورتی‌که تغییر کاربری از زمین‌های بایر به فضاهای سبز شهری در شرق و جنوب شرقی شهر تهران باعث کاهش غلظت آلاینده‌های هوای شهری در این مناطق شده است.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: The land use pattern represents the distribution and horizontal combination of urban applications, which plays a very important role in the distribution of pollutants and urban air quality. The impacts of these pollutants can be identified in the location of pollutants (industrial, commercial, office, residential, etc.), as well as its impact on the distribution of urban travel and subsequent emissions from urban traffic. The main objective of this study is to investigate the role of land use pattern and physical structure in spatial variations of pollutants in Tehran during the period of 2011-2018.Material and Methodology: In order to achieve this goal, Landsat satellite images and also data from the Air Quality Control Center of Tehran in 2011 and 2018 were used. Kriging model was arranged using Arc GIS software to classify satellite images and specify types of applications using artificial neural network method in ENVI software and also to determine the concentration of air pollution in Tehran.Findings: The results of spatial correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between spatial structure changes and air pollution in Tehran during 7 years.Discussion and Conclusion: The results of land use change and air pollution indices indicate that construction in the west and north of Tehran has increased the concentration of pollutants in these directions from the city. If the change from downstream land to urban green spaces in the east and south-east of Tehran reduces the concentration of pollutants urban air has been in these areas.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Andersen, Z. J., A. De Nazelle, M. A. Mendez, J. Garcia-Aymerich, O. Hertel, A. Tjønneland, K. Overvad, O. Raaschou-Nielsen and M. J. Nieuwenhuijsen (2015). "A study of the combined effects of physical activity and air pollution on mortality in elderly urban residents: the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Cohort." Environmental health perspectives 123(6): 557-563.
Toutakhane, A. M. and M. Mofareh (2017). "Investigation and evaluation of spatial patterns in Tabriz parks using landscape metrics." Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering (JUEE) 10(2): 263-269.
Yang, J., McBridea, J., Zhou, J., Sun, Z., 2005. The urban forest in Beijing and its role in air pollution reduction, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 3, pp. 65–78.
Newman, P., Kenworthy, J.,(1989). Cities and Automobile Dependence: An International Sourcebook. Avebury Technical, Great Britain
Lin Robinson. (2002), twenty and five years of Dispersion experience in the Seattle region: reactions growth management and protection concepts. Urban Studies, 33(1): 7-35.
Abbaspour Majid, Javid Amirhossein and Sahar Saeedi (2014) The effect of urban parks on PM10 emissions using GIS software, Environmental Technology Quarterly, Volume 16, Number 1, pp. 1-11
Nourpour Alireza and Seyed Mohammad Ali Feyz (2014) Determining the spatial and temporal changes of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and suspended particles using GIS technique in Tehran, Quarterly Journal of Environmental Studies, No. 3, pp. 723-738. (In Persian)
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Aplin P. Atkinson P. M. and Curran,P.J.(1997).Fine spatial resolution satellite sensors for the next decade. International Journal of Remote Sensing Remote Sensing of Environment 68 (3), 206-216
Bahari Rouhalamin, Abbaspour Rahim Ali and Parham Pahlavani (2015) Suspended Particle Pollution Zoning Using Local Statistical Models in GIS Case Study: Tehran, Quarterly Journal of Surveying Science and Technology, Volume 5, Number 3, pp. 165-173. (In Persian)
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Zheng, H. W., G. Q. Shen, H. Wang and J. Hong (2015). "Simulating land use change in urban renewal areas: A case study in Hong Kong." Habitat International 46: 23-34.
Anderson, W.P., Kanaroglou, P.S. and Miller, E.J., (1996), “Urban form, energy and the environment: a review of issues, evidence and policy”. Urban studies, 33(1), pp. 7-35
Masnavi, Mohammad Reza (2003), Sustainable Development and New Paradigms of Urban Development, Intensive City and Extensive City, Journal of Environmental Studies, No. 31. (In Persian)
Mosammam, H. M., J. T. Nia, H. Khani, A. Teymouri and M. Kazemi (2017). "Monitoring land use change and measuring urban sprawl based on its spatial forms: The case of Qom city." The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science 20(1): 103-116.
Wang, Q., J. Zheng, H. Xu, B. Xu and R. Chen (2018). "Roadside magnetic sensor system for vehicle detection in urban environments." IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 19(5): 1365-1374.
Nozzi, D. (2019), Road to ruin: an introduction to sprawl and how to cure it, pager, Westport Connecticut.
Sun, C., Y. Luo and J. Li (2018). "Urban traffic infrastructure investment and air pollution: Evidence from the 83 cities in China." Journal of cleaner production 172: 488-496.
Noorpour, Alireza; Sadri Jahanshahi, Arash (2013). Assessing and assessing the risk of heavy metal pollution in the air of Tehran (Case study: Enghelab St.), Environmental Studies, 39 (4), 192-181. (In Persian)
Lelieveld, J., J. S. Evans, M. Fnais, D. Giannadaki and A. Pozzer (2015). "The contribution of outdoor air pollution sources to premature mortality on a global scale." Nature 525(7569): 367.http://www. Esri.com/
Guarnieri, M. and J. R. Balmes (2014). "Outdoor air pollution and asthma." The Lancet 383(9928): 1581-1592.
Andersen, Z. J., A. De Nazelle, M. A. Mendez, J. Garcia-Aymerich, O. Hertel, A. Tjønneland, K. Overvad, O. Raaschou-Nielsen and M. J. Nieuwenhuijsen (2015). "A study of the combined effects of physical activity and air pollution on mortality in elderly urban residents: the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Cohort." Environmental health perspectives 123(6): 557-563.
Toutakhane, A. M. and M. Mofareh (2017). "Investigation and evaluation of spatial patterns in Tabriz parks using landscape metrics." Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering (JUEE) 10(2): 263-269.
Yang, J., McBridea, J., Zhou, J., Sun, Z., 2005. The urban forest in Beijing and its role in air pollution reduction, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 3, pp. 65–78.
Newman, P., Kenworthy, J.,(1989). Cities and Automobile Dependence: An International Sourcebook. Avebury Technical, Great Britain
Lin Robinson. (2002), twenty and five years of Dispersion experience in the Seattle region: reactions growth management and protection concepts. Urban Studies, 33(1): 7-35.
Abbaspour Majid, Javid Amirhossein and Sahar Saeedi (2014) The effect of urban parks on PM10 emissions using GIS software, Environmental Technology Quarterly, Volume 16, Number 1, pp. 1-11
Nourpour Alireza and Seyed Mohammad Ali Feyz (2014) Determining the spatial and temporal changes of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and suspended particles using GIS technique in Tehran, Quarterly Journal of Environmental Studies, No. 3, pp. 723-738. (In Persian)
Fath Ali Beigi, Ali (2011), Environmental Impact Assessment of Horizontal Expansion of the City with Emphasis on Agricultural Fields A Case Study: Zanjan, Thesis for Master of Science in Geography and Urban Planning, Zanjan University. (In Persian)
Aplin P. Atkinson P. M. and Curran,P.J.(1997).Fine spatial resolution satellite sensors for the next decade. International Journal of Remote Sensing Remote Sensing of Environment 68 (3), 206-216
Bahari Rouhalamin, Abbaspour Rahim Ali and Parham Pahlavani (2015) Suspended Particle Pollution Zoning Using Local Statistical Models in GIS Case Study: Tehran, Quarterly Journal of Surveying Science and Technology, Volume 5, Number 3, pp. 165-173. (In Persian)
