شناسایی و رتبهبندی بخشهای اقتصادی مخرب محیطزیست بر اساس میزان نشرگازهای گلخانهای با رویکرد آنتروپی شانون- ویکور (مورد مطالعه: ایران در سال های 1388-1391)
محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی های محیط زیست (آب، خاک و هوا)ناهید درستکار احمدی 1 , علی دهقانی 2
1 - دکتری مدیریت تولید و عملیات، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اداری، دانشگاه سمنان
2 - عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود
کلید واژه: انتشار آلایندههای محیطزیست, تکنیک ویکور, گازهای گلخانهای, بخشهای اقتصادی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: امروزه مسائل محیطزیست و مقابله با انتشار بیرویه گازهای گلخانهای به یکی از مهمترین دغدغههای کشورها تبدیل شده است. این پژوهش باهدف بررسی میزان انتشار آلایندگی در صنایع مختلف و رتبهبندی این صنایع بر مبنای مخربترین گازهای گلخانهای از قبیل دیاکسید کربن، کربن منوکسید، گاز متان، اکسید نیتروس، اکسیدهای نیتروژن، ذرات معلق، دیاکسید گوگرد و تری اکسید گوگرد تدوینشده است. روش بررسی : در این پژوهش پس از شناسایی مهمترین گازهای آلاینده بر اساس مرور ادبیات و استفاده از میانگین دادههای 5 سال اخیر از مرکز آمار ایران، با استفاده از روش آنتروپی شانون وزن هر یک از گازهای آلاینده تعیین شده و با استفاده از روش ویکور و نرمافزار MATLAB، آلایندهترین بخش اقتصادی شناسایی گردید. یافتهها: بر اساس روش آنتروپی شانون مشخص گردید که گاز دی اکسید کربن با وزن 3/0 دارای بالاترین ضریب اهمیت در بین گازهای گلخانهای آلاینده است. بر اساس یافتههای حاصل از روش ویکور، بخش حمل و نقل بر مبنای شاخص سودمندی، ویکور و شاخص تأسف بیشترین میزان آلایندگی و انتشار گازهای گلخانهای را در بین بخشهای یادشده به خود اختصاص داده است. بحث و نتیجهگیری: بر اساس نتایج حاصل از پژوهش، بخش حمل و نقل نقش عمدهای در انتشار گازهای گلخانهای ایفا کرده و بهعنوان آلایندهترین عامل محیط زیستی شناسایی شده است. بنابراین توجه به مؤلفههای ساختاری و فرهنگی مرتبط با حوزه حمل و نقل از اهمیت ویژهای نسبت به گذشته برخوردار شده است.استفاده از تکنولوژیهای مربوط به حمل و نقل سبز، سرمایهگذاری در حمل و نقل عمومی، فراهم نمودن زیرساختهای مرتبط با وسایل نقلیه غیر موتوری را میتوان بهعنوان راهکارهایی برای کاهش آلایندگی در این بخش مطرح کرد.
Background and Objective: Today environmental issues and avoid irregular greenhouse gas emission has become one of the most important concerns of each country. This study has been done with the aim of determining the amount of greenhouse gas emission in different industries and ranking these industries based on the most destructive greenhouse gas including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide, Nitrogen oxides, Sulfur dioxide and Sulfur trioxide. Method: In this study after identifying the most pollutant greenhouse gases based on the literature review and using the average of five recent year's data from the Iranian Statistics Center, the weight of each greenhouse gas were determined based on Shannon entropy and by using VIKOR technique and MATLAB software, the most pollutant sector was determined. Findings: Based on Shannon entropy, Co with the weight of 0.3 has the highest coefficient of importance among pollutant greenhouse gases. Based on VIKOR technique, transportation sector based on utility measure, Vikor measure and regret measure was determined as the most pollutant sector. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on the result of study, transportation sector has played a major role in greenhouse gas emissions and identified as the most pollutant sector. So, attention to structural and cultural components associated to transportation field has become more important than the past. Using green transportation technologies, investing in public transportation and providing infrastructure for non- motorized vehicles can be introduced as suggestion for reducing pollution in this sector.
- Alizade, R.; Maknoon, R.; MajidPour, M. and Salimi, G. (2015). Energy Policy in Iran and International Commitments in the field of Green House Emission. Journal of environmental science and technology, 17(1): 183-198. (In Persian)
- Manzoor, D. and Rahimi, A. (2015). Prioritizing power generation plants in Iran by using MCDM model. Journal of Iranian energy economies, 4(14): 191-215. (In persian)
- Rajabi, M.; Soltani, A.; Zinali, A. and Soltani, A. (2012). Evaluating greenhouse gas emission and global warming potential due to wheat production in Gorgan. Electronic journal of crop production, 5(3): 23-44. (In persian)
- Hoeven, M. 2013. CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Highlights. International Energy Agency. Paris.
- Alicja, K. 2015. Stepwise Multiple Regression Method of Greenhouse Gas Emission Modeling in the Energy Sector in Poland. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 30: 47–54.
- Deolalkar, S.P.2016. Greenhouse Gases. Designing Green Cement Plants. 9–17.
- Fetras, M. and Barati, G. (2013). The decomposition of carbon dioxide released by the transport sector into sub-sectors and types of fuel fuels. Quarterly journal of applied economics study in Iran, 2(6): 83-64. (In Persian)
- HoseiniNasab, A. and Paikari, S. (2012). Investigating the effect of economies growth and commercial liberation on environmental pollution. Economic journal, 9:61-82. (In Persian)
- Moradi, A and Aminian, M. (2012). Iran Greenhouse emission amount in 2010. Science Cultivation Journal, 3(1): 55-59. (In Persian)
- Rees, R.M.; Flack, K; Maxwell, A. 2014. Air: Greenhouse Gases from Agriculture. Reference Module in Food Science Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems. 293–304.
- Etabi, F. and Heibati, M. (2005). Investigation Iran Position in implementing Kyoto Protocol and using clean development mechanism (CDM). Deputy of Economic Research, Energy Economics Research Group, Strategic Research Center. 1-26. (In Persian)
- Mehdipor, L. and Landi, A. (2010). The effect of different land uses of greenhouse gas emission. Journal of Sciences and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 14(52): 139-147. (In Persian)
- Milne, A. E. ;Margaret, J. ; Murray Lark, S; Perryman, T; Whitmore, A. 2015. Communicating the Uncertainty in Estimated Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agriculture. Journal of Environmental Management. 160: 139–153.
- Manzor, D. and Rezaie, H. (2013). Investigating the effect of Fuel Prices Consumption Regeneration on Pollution and Greenhouse Gas Emissions: System Dynamic Approach. Journal of Iranian energy economies, 3(9): 199-215. (In Persian)
- To, W.M. 2015. Greenhouse Gases Emissions from the Logistics Sector: the Case of Hong Kong, China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 13:658–664.
- Lee, G; Lee, H; Lee, J. 2015. Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Effect in the Transportation Sector by Urban Agriculture in Seoul, Korea. Landscape and Urban Planning. 140: 1–7.
- Iran's Statistics Center, Time series data, http://www.amar.org.ir. (InPersian)
- IPCC (2014). Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
- Farmad, M.; Tanpor,Paveh, M. and Amini, F. (2010). Energy balance sheet in 2008. Preparation and compilation of the Office of Planning for Electricity and Energy: Safa, Tehran. (In Persian)
20. EPA (2015). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
21. Jun, P.; Gillenwater, M. & Barbour, W. (2000). CO2 ,CH4 , and N2O emissions from transportation water borne navigation. IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Reporting Instructions, 1: 71-92.
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- Alizade, R.; Maknoon, R.; MajidPour, M. and Salimi, G. (2015). Energy Policy in Iran and International Commitments in the field of Green House Emission. Journal of environmental science and technology, 17(1): 183-198. (In Persian)
- Manzoor, D. and Rahimi, A. (2015). Prioritizing power generation plants in Iran by using MCDM model. Journal of Iranian energy economies, 4(14): 191-215. (In persian)
- Rajabi, M.; Soltani, A.; Zinali, A. and Soltani, A. (2012). Evaluating greenhouse gas emission and global warming potential due to wheat production in Gorgan. Electronic journal of crop production, 5(3): 23-44. (In persian)
- Hoeven, M. 2013. CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Highlights. International Energy Agency. Paris.
- Alicja, K. 2015. Stepwise Multiple Regression Method of Greenhouse Gas Emission Modeling in the Energy Sector in Poland. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 30: 47–54.
- Deolalkar, S.P.2016. Greenhouse Gases. Designing Green Cement Plants. 9–17.
- Fetras, M. and Barati, G. (2013). The decomposition of carbon dioxide released by the transport sector into sub-sectors and types of fuel fuels. Quarterly journal of applied economics study in Iran, 2(6): 83-64. (In Persian)
- HoseiniNasab, A. and Paikari, S. (2012). Investigating the effect of economies growth and commercial liberation on environmental pollution. Economic journal, 9:61-82. (In Persian)
- Moradi, A and Aminian, M. (2012). Iran Greenhouse emission amount in 2010. Science Cultivation Journal, 3(1): 55-59. (In Persian)
- Rees, R.M.; Flack, K; Maxwell, A. 2014. Air: Greenhouse Gases from Agriculture. Reference Module in Food Science Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems. 293–304.
- Etabi, F. and Heibati, M. (2005). Investigation Iran Position in implementing Kyoto Protocol and using clean development mechanism (CDM). Deputy of Economic Research, Energy Economics Research Group, Strategic Research Center. 1-26. (In Persian)
- Mehdipor, L. and Landi, A. (2010). The effect of different land uses of greenhouse gas emission. Journal of Sciences and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources. 14(52): 139-147. (In Persian)
- Milne, A. E. ;Margaret, J. ; Murray Lark, S; Perryman, T; Whitmore, A. 2015. Communicating the Uncertainty in Estimated Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agriculture. Journal of Environmental Management. 160: 139–153.
- Manzor, D. and Rezaie, H. (2013). Investigating the effect of Fuel Prices Consumption Regeneration on Pollution and Greenhouse Gas Emissions: System Dynamic Approach. Journal of Iranian energy economies, 3(9): 199-215. (In Persian)
- To, W.M. 2015. Greenhouse Gases Emissions from the Logistics Sector: the Case of Hong Kong, China. Journal of Cleaner Production. 13:658–664.
- Lee, G; Lee, H; Lee, J. 2015. Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Effect in the Transportation Sector by Urban Agriculture in Seoul, Korea. Landscape and Urban Planning. 140: 1–7.
- Iran's Statistics Center, Time series data, http://www.amar.org.ir. (InPersian)
- IPCC (2014). Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
- Farmad, M.; Tanpor,Paveh, M. and Amini, F. (2010). Energy balance sheet in 2008. Preparation and compilation of the Office of Planning for Electricity and Energy: Safa, Tehran. (In Persian)
20. EPA (2015). United States Environmental Protection Agency. Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions.
21. Jun, P.; Gillenwater, M. & Barbour, W. (2000). CO2 ,CH4 , and N2O emissions from transportation water borne navigation. IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Reporting Instructions, 1: 71-92.