قابلیت جذب فلزات سنگین توسط برخی گونه‌های درختی و درختچه‌ای مورد استفاده در فضای سبز شهرکرد
محورهای موضوعی : آلودگی های محیط زیست (آب، خاک و هوا)فاطمه مصطفوی 1 , محسن بهمنی 2 , رسول زمانی احمد محمودی 3 , علی جعفری 4
1 - کارشناسی ارشد جنگل‌داری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد
2 - استادیار گروه علوم جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد*
3 - دانشیار گروه شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد
4 - دانشیار گروه شیلات و محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد
کلید واژه: ترافیک شهری, شهر شهرکرد, فلزات سنگین, گونه‌های درختی, پایش زیستی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: پایش زیستی یکی از روش های ارزان و ساده برای بررسی کیفیت محیط زیست است. فعالیت های ناشی از ترافیک وسایل نقلیه باعث ورود مقادیر فراوانی از فلزات سنگین به اتمسفر می شود. استفاده از گونه های گیاهی به عنوان شاخص پایش زیستی می تواند در ارزیابی و کاهش آلودگی هوا و فلزات سنگین مؤثر باشد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی انتخاب بهترین گونه های چوبی جاذب فلزات سنگین سرب، روی و کادمیوم در برگ گونه های درختی و درختچه‌ای سرو خمره ای، نارون، زبان گنجشک و برگ نو در چهار منطقه با سطوح ترافیکی مختلف در سطح شهرستان شهرکرد است.ب-روش بررسی: برای این منظور از درختان واقع در خیابان های با ترافیک بالا (خیابان کاشانی، خیابان سعدی، ترمینال مسافربری) به عنوان مناطق آلوده و دانشگاه شهرکرد به عنوان منطقه شاهد در دو مقطع زمانی متفاوت (اواخر بهار و اواخر تابستان) اقدام به نمونه برداری از برگ های درختان مذکور شد.یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که مقدار تجمع فلزات سنگین در منطقه آلوده (خیابان کاشانی) با اختلاف معنی داری در سطح 99 درصد بیش‌تر از مناطق دیگر می باشد. همچنین بیش‌ترین مقدار انباشت فلز سرب و روی در برگ گونه ی برگ نو با مقادیر 47/ 5 و 68/32 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم و کادمیوم با مقدار 84/1 میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم در برگ گونه ی سرو خمره‌ای مشاهده گردید.بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده، گونه های برگ نو، سروخمره ای، نارون و زبان گنجشک به عنوان بهترین گونه های چوبی جاذب فلزات سنگین، در فضای سبز شهرکرد معرفی می شوند.
Background and Objective: Biomonitoring is a simple and inexpensive method for assessment of the quality of the environment. Vehicle emissions introduce high levels of heavy metals into the atmosphere. The use of plant species can be effective in assessing and decreasing air pollution and the levels of heavy metals. This research was conducted to select the best accumulator of lead, zinc and cadmium in the leaves of four tree species, namely Thuja Orientalis, Ulmus umbraculifera, Fraxinus Rotundifolia and Ligustrum Ovalifolium,in four areas in the city of Shahrekord, Iran, with different traffic levels.Method: For this purpose, testing was conducted in areas with high levels of traffic (Kashani Street, Saadi Street and Shahrekord Terminal) as polluted areas, and Shahrekord University served as control area. In two periods, at the end of spring and the end of summer, leaves were sampled.Findings: Results showed that heavy metal levels in one polluted area, Kashani Street, were higher than in other areas. Also, the highest level of lead and zinc accumulation was observed in the leaves of Ligustrum Ovalifolium with levels of 5.47 and 32.68 mg/kg. The highest level of cadmium, 1.84 mg/kg, was observed in the leaves of Thuja Orientalis.Discussion and Conclusions:according to the results,Ligustrum Ovalifolium, Thuja Orientalis, Ulmus Umbraculifera and Fraxinus Rotundifolia were introduced as the best wood species for accumulating heavy metals.
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24. Baycu, G., Ozden, H., Tolunay, D., Gunebakan, S., 2006. Ecophysiological and seasonal variations in Cd, Pb, Zn, and Ni concentrations in the leaves of urban deciduous trees in Istanbul. Environmental Pollution,Vol. 143, pp. 545-554.
25. Kumar, S.R., Arumugam, T., Anandakumar, C., Balakrishnan, S., Rajavel,D., 2013. Use of Plant Species in Controlling Environmental Pollution A. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and life Sciences, 2(2),52-63.
26. metals in different organs of four tree species (Cupressusarizonica, Morus alba, Robinia pseudacacia, Pinus eldarica) cultivated in Mobarakeh Steel Complex. 2011. M.Sc. thesis, Shahrekord University, Iran, (In Persian).
27. Khademi, A., Kord, B.,2009. The role of broad-leaved tree species in reducing lead-contamination. Journal of science and technology of natural resources. 1:1-12pp, (In Persian).
28. S. Azampoor, S., Pilehvar, B., Shirvany, A., Bayramzadeh, V., Ahmadi, M. 2013. Nickle phytoremediation by leaves of planted species (Fraxinus rotundifolia, Ulmus densa, Salix alba) (Case study: Kermanshah oil refinery area). Iranian Journal of Forest, 5(2), 141-150pp, (In Persian).
29. Ebrahimi, M., Jafari, M., Savaghebi, G.R., Azarnivand, H., Tavili, A. and Madrid, F., 2014. Investigation of Heavy Metals Accumulation in Plants Growing in Contaminated Soils (Case Study: Qazvin Province, Iran), journal of rangeland science, 4(2), 91-100 pp. (In Persian).
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31. Tabibian, S., and Hashemi, S.A., 2017. Survey The Effect of Cadmium on Dry Weight, Growth and Absorbed of Species Tree of Platanus orientalis. Human & Environment, 15(1), 37-44pp, (In Persian).
32. Norouzi, S., Khademi, H., Cano, A.F. and Acosta, J.A., 2016. Biomagnetic monitoring of heavy metals contamination in deposited atmospheric dust, a case study from Isfahan, Iran. Journal of environmental management, 173, pp.55-64.
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_||_
1. MacFarlane, G.R ., Burchett, M.D., 2000. Cellular distribution of Cu, Pb and Zn in the Grey MangroveAvicennia marina (Forsk) Vierh. Aquatic Botany, 68: 45-59.
2. Bargagli, R., 1998. Trace Elements in Terrestrial Plants: An Ecophyciological Approach to Biomonitoring and Biorecovery. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
3. Van Bohemen, H.D ., Janssen Van De Laak,W. H., 2003. The influence of road infrastructure and traffic on soil, air and water quality, J. Environmental Management, 31(1), 50-68.
4. Saeedi, M., Hosseinzadeh, M., Jamshidi, A., Pajooheshfar, S., 2009. Assessment of heavy metals contamination and leaching characteristics in highway side soils, Iran. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 151(1), 41-231 (in Persian).
5. Aksoy, A., Demirezen, D., 2006. Fraxinus excelsior as a biomonitor of heavy metal pollution. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 15(1), 27-33.
6. Sharma, S., Prasad, F.M., 2010. Accumulation of Lead and Cadmium in soil and vegetable crops along major highways in Agra (India). Electronic Journal of Chemistry, 7(4), 1174-1183.
7. Sarkar, B., 2002. Heavy metals in environment. New York: Marcel Dekker.
8. Afyuni, M., 2002. Investigation on surface pollution soils in central region of Isfahan, Faculty of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Scientific Report (In Persian).
9. Amini, M., 2004. Modeling heavy metal accumulation and assessing its uncertainty in agro- ecosystems of Isfahan region. PhD thesis. Isfahan University of Technology. Isfahan. Iran, (In Persian).
10. Wahabi, A., Reza, A. 1986. Distribution of Lead in plant and soils Lahijan tea tree gardens in relation to the axis of the road, Jihad University Press, 127pp (In Persian).
11. Pagotto, C., Remy, N., Legret, M., LeCloirec, P., 2001. Heavy metal pollution of road dust and roadside soil near a major rural highway. Environmental Technology, Vol. 22,pp. 307-319.
12. Jia, L., Wang, W., Li, Y., Yang, L., 2010. Heavy metals in soil and crops of an intensively farmed area: A case study in Yucheng City, Shandong Province, China. Int J Environ Res Public Health, Vol. 7, pp. 395- 412.
13. KabataPendias, A., Pendias, H., 2000. Trace Elements in Soils and Plants. Boea Raton, Florida. CRC Press.
14. Singh, S.K., Rao, D.N., 1983. Evaluation of plants for their tolerance to air pollution. Proceedings of symposium on air pollution control. IIT Delhi.
15. Lasksmi, P.S., Sravanti, K.L., Sravinas, N., 2008. Air pollution tolerance index of various plant species growing in industrial areas. The Ecoscan, 2 (2), 203 – 206.
16. Khademi, A., Kord, B., Fatemitalab., R., 2011. Evaluation of robinia pseudoacacia species for reduction of lead contamination. Thefirst national conference on planning and environmental protection, (In Persian).
17. Shabanian, N. and Cheraghi, C., 2013. Comparison of phytoremediation of heavy metals by woody species used in urban forestry of Sanandaj City. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 21(1). (In Persian).
18. Piczak, K., Lesniewic, A., Zyrnicki, W., 2003. Metal concentration in deciduous tree leaves from urban Arasin Poland. Environmental monitoring and assessment, Vol . 86, pp. 273-287.
19. Doganlar, Z.B., Atmaca, M., 2011. Influence of airborne pollution on cd, zn, pb,cu, and physiological parameters of plant leaves in Antakya (turkey). Water, air and soil pollution,Vol. 214,pp. 509-523.
20. Ogbonna, C.E., Enete, I.C., Egedeuzu, C.S., Ogbochi, E.F., 2013. Heavy Metal Concentration in Leaves of Roadside Trees in Umuahia Urban, Nigeria. Resources and Environment, 3(5), 141-144.
21. Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari meteorological administration, 2011 (www.chaharmahalmet.ir).
22. Burken, J., Vroblesky, D., Balouet, J.C., 2011. Phytoforensics, Dendrochemistry and Phytoscreening: New Green Tools forDelineating Contaminants from Past and Present. Environmental Science and Technology, 45(15), 6218–6226.
23. Gosh, M., Singh, S.P., 2005. A review on phytoremediation of heavy metals and utilization of its hypoducts. Applied ecology and environmental research, 3(1), 1-18.
24. Baycu, G., Ozden, H., Tolunay, D., Gunebakan, S., 2006. Ecophysiological and seasonal variations in Cd, Pb, Zn, and Ni concentrations in the leaves of urban deciduous trees in Istanbul. Environmental Pollution,Vol. 143, pp. 545-554.
25. Kumar, S.R., Arumugam, T., Anandakumar, C., Balakrishnan, S., Rajavel,D., 2013. Use of Plant Species in Controlling Environmental Pollution A. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and life Sciences, 2(2),52-63.
26. metals in different organs of four tree species (Cupressusarizonica, Morus alba, Robinia pseudacacia, Pinus eldarica) cultivated in Mobarakeh Steel Complex. 2011. M.Sc. thesis, Shahrekord University, Iran, (In Persian).
27. Khademi, A., Kord, B.,2009. The role of broad-leaved tree species in reducing lead-contamination. Journal of science and technology of natural resources. 1:1-12pp, (In Persian).
28. S. Azampoor, S., Pilehvar, B., Shirvany, A., Bayramzadeh, V., Ahmadi, M. 2013. Nickle phytoremediation by leaves of planted species (Fraxinus rotundifolia, Ulmus densa, Salix alba) (Case study: Kermanshah oil refinery area). Iranian Journal of Forest, 5(2), 141-150pp, (In Persian).
29. Ebrahimi, M., Jafari, M., Savaghebi, G.R., Azarnivand, H., Tavili, A. and Madrid, F., 2014. Investigation of Heavy Metals Accumulation in Plants Growing in Contaminated Soils (Case Study: Qazvin Province, Iran), journal of rangeland science, 4(2), 91-100 pp. (In Persian).
30. Ataabadi, M., Hoodaji, M.,Najafi, P., 2010. Heavy metals biomonitoring by plants grown in an industrial area of Isfahan’ Mobarakeh Steel Company, Journal of environmental studies, 35 (52), 83-92pp, (In Persian).
31. Tabibian, S., and Hashemi, S.A., 2017. Survey The Effect of Cadmium on Dry Weight, Growth and Absorbed of Species Tree of Platanus orientalis. Human & Environment, 15(1), 37-44pp, (In Persian).
32. Norouzi, S., Khademi, H., Cano, A.F. and Acosta, J.A., 2016. Biomagnetic monitoring of heavy metals contamination in deposited atmospheric dust, a case study from Isfahan, Iran. Journal of environmental management, 173, pp.55-64.
33. Westerma, R.E.L., 1990. Soil testing and plant analysis, SSSA, Madison wisconsin, USA.