اثر سیستم آبیاری و دو سویه باکتری محرک رشد گیاه (PGPR) بر تركيبات فنلي و فعاليت آنتي-اكسيداني عصاره کلاله زعفران
محورهای موضوعی : زیست شناسی سلولی تکوینی گیاهی و جانوری ، تکوین و تمایز ، زیست شناسی میکروارگانیسم
1 - university of kashan
کلید واژه: فلاونوئید, باکتری محرک رشد, عصاره, آبیاری قطره¬ای, زعفران,
چکیده مقاله :
تركيبات فنلي (فلاونوئيد، تانن و آنتوسيانين) مهم¬ترين آنتي¬اكسيدان¬های طبيعي به شمار مي¬آيند و عوامل متعددی مانند عوامل محیطی و تغذیه گیاه بر کمیت و کیفیت آنها تاثیرگذارمی¬باشند. یکی از گیاهان دارویی بومی ایران، زعفران با نام علمی Crocus sativus Var. officinalis است که سابقه استفاده از ترکیبات آن به زمان¬های کهن بر می¬گردد و در مناطق مختلف کشور به صورت طبیعی و کشت شده وجود دارد. تحقيق حاضر به منظور بررسي كمي و كيفي تركيبات فنلي و فعاليت آنتي¬اكسيداني عصاره زعفران تحت تاثیر دو سویه باکتری محرک رشد (ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم سویه 5) و (سودوموناس فلورسنس سویه 169) و همچنین دو روش¬ آبیاری غرقابی و قطره¬ای انجام شده است. در اين مطالعه آزمايشگاهي ابتدا بررسي فيتوشيمي گياه انجام شد، سپس سنجش ميزان ترکیبات فنلي و فلاونوئيدي تام به روش اسپكتروفتومتري صورت گرفت و در نهايت فعاليت آنتي¬اكسيداني عصاره گياه در غلظت¬هاي مختلف با استفاده از روش مهار راديكال آزاد 2 و 2 دي فنيل 1- پيكريل هيدرازيل (DPPH) اندازه گیری شد. تجزيه و تحليل داده¬ها با نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 19 و روش آنالیز واريانس انجام شد. همچنین میزان ترکیبات فلاونوئیدی موجود در نمونه¬ای که ازتوباکتر کروکوکوم سویه 5 به کار برده شده بود کمی بیش¬تر از سایر نمونه¬ها بود. تیمار سودوموناس فلورسنس سویه 169 و تیمار آبیاری غرقابی به¬ ترتیب بیش¬ترین و کم¬ترین میزان ترکیبات فنلی و تیمار آبیاری قطره¬ای بیش¬ترین خاصیت آنتی¬اکسیدانی را از خود نشان دادند. لذا کاربرد باکتری¬های محرک رشد و جایگزینی سیستم آبیاری قطره¬ای در کشت زعفران پیشنهاد می¬گردد.
Phenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins, and anthocyanin) are considered as most important natural antioxidants and many factors such as environmental parameters and plant nutrition affect their quantity and quality. One of the native medicinal plants of Iran is saffron with the scientific name of Crocus sativus Var. officinalis. That the use of its compounds be traced to ancient times and there is natural and cultivated in the different regions of the country. This study is done with aims to evaluate the quality and quantity of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity Saffron species under the influence of two types of PGPR (Azotobacter chroococcum 5 and pseudomonas fluorescens 169) and two irrigation systems (flooding and drip). In this study, plant phytochemistry study was conducted initially, and then measuring a number of phenolic compounds and flavonoids were spectrophotometry method. Finally, the antioxidant activity of the extract was measured in different concentrations using free radical scavenging (DPPH). Data analysis was performed by using SPSS version 19 software and ANOVA test. The results of phytochemical tests confirmed the compounds such as tannins, anthocyanins and flavonoids and absence of alkaloids. A number of flavonoid compounds in the sample with Azotobacter chroococcum 5 was more than other samples. pseudomonas fluorescens 169 and flooding treatments had the highest and lowest number of phenolic compounds and drip irrigation showed the highest antioxidant properties. Therefore, the use of growth-stimulating bacteria and replacing the drip irrigation system in saffron cultivation is suggested
1. Amirshekari, H., Sorooshzadeh, A., Modarress Sanavy, A., and Jalali Javaran, M. 2007. Study of effects of root temperature, corm size, and gibberellin on underground organs of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). Iran. Journal of Biology 19: 5–18. (In Persian with English Summary).
2. Anwar, M., Petra, D.D., Chand, S., Alpesh, K., Naqvi, A.A. and Khanuja, S.P.S. 2005. Effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer on growth herb and oil yield, nutrient accumulation and quality of French basil. Journal of Communication Soil Science and Plant Analysis 36(13-14): 1737-1746.
3. Ayci, F., Aydinili, M., Bozdemir, A. and Tatus, M. 2005. Gas chromatographic investigation of Rose concrete, absolute and solid residue, Journal of Flavor and Fragrance 20(5): 481-486.
4. Bashiri, M., and Salari, A. 2016. Using geostatistics for zoning areas suitable for saffron cultivation in the Khorasan Razavi Province Based on Climatological Parameters. Saffron agronomy and technology 4 (2): 155–167. (In Persian with English Summary).
5. Bashiri, M., Maroosi, A., Salari, A., and Ghodoosi, M. 2017. Climatic zonation and land suitability determination for saffron in Khorasan-Razavi province using data mining algorithms. Saffron Agronomy and Technology 5(4): 379-392. doi: 10.22048/jsat.2017.60768.1189. (In Persian with English Summary).
6. Bidram, F. 2013. Identify essential components and antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer effects of two plants Rosa damascene and Salvia limbata. M.Sc. Thesis, Natural Essential Oil Research Institute, University of Kashan. Iran.130 p. (In Persian with English Summary).
7.
8. Borrelli, A.2012. The influence of the water regimes and nitrogen fertilizing on the production of Roses under glass. Journal of Rivista Della Orto Florofuettioli 65:109-117.
9. Brain, K.R., and Turner, T.D. 1975. The practical evaluation of phytopharmaceuticals. Bristol: Wright-Scientechnica: 10-30.
10. Burits, M., and Bucar, F. 2000. Antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa essential oil. Journal of Phytotherapy Research 14: 323-328.
11. Chang, C.C., Yang, M.H., Wen, H.M., and Chern, JC. 2002. Estimation of total flavonoid content in proplis by two complementary colorimetric methods. Journal of Food Drug 10: 178-182.
12. Chhabra, S.C., Uiso, F.C., and Mshiu, E.N. 1984. Phytochemical screening of Tanzanian medicinal plants. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 11: 157-179.
13. Damadzadeh, M. 2003. Integrated management Rosa damascene Mill In connection with the essential oil and rose water in Kashan. The final report of the research project, Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Isfahan, Iran. 250 p. (In Persian with English Summary).
14. Danshkhvah, M., Kafi, M., Nikbakht, A., and Mirjalili, M.H. 2007. Effect of nitrogen and potassium on performance indices and Rosa damascene Mill linseed flowers Kashan. Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology 8 (2), 90-83.
15. Dehghani-Bidgoli, R., Salary, A., and Bashiri, M., 2019. Effect of Irrigation Regimes on Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Saffron Stigma Extract. Journal of Saffron Research 7(1):109-122. (In Persian with English Summary).
16. Dunnik, J.K. and Hailey, J. 1992. Toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of quercetin, a natural component of foods. Journal of Toxicological Sciences 19(3): 423-431.
17. Emad, M., Gheybi, F., Rasooli, M., Khanjan Zadeh, R., and Mohammadi Gozani, S. 2012. Industrial Herbalist Rosa damascene Mill. Pune Publication, Tehran. 310 p.
18. Gault, M., and Synge, P.M. 1971. The dictionary of roses in colour. Rainbird References Books, London, UK. 350 p.
19. Henry, C., and Heppell, N. 2002. Nutritional losses and gains during processing: future problems and issues. Proceeding of Natural Sciences 61: 145-8.
20. Jaimand, K., Rezaei, M.b., Asareh, MH., Tabaei Aghdaie, R., and Moshky zadeh, S. 2010. Evaluation of the flavonoid species of Rosa damascene Mill. Journal of Iran Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research 25 (2): 35-47. (In Persian with English Summary).
21. Jaimand, K., Rezaei, M.b., Tabaei Aghdaie, R., Naderi Hajibagheri Kennedy, M., and Moshky zadeh, S. 2011. Determination of tannin content in Rose water, wastewater and trash of rose (Rosa damascene Mill). Journal of Iran Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research 27 (2): 45-57. (In Persian with English Summary).
22. Jalali, A., Zaefarian, F., Torabi, B., and Abbasi, R. 2022. Changes of some growth indices and yield of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in different altitudes. Saffron Agronomy and Technology 10(3): 195-214. doi: 10.22048/jsat.2022.340439.1460. (In Persian with English Summary).
23. Jamshidi, M, Ahmadi, HR., Rezazadeh, Sh., Fathi, F., and Mazanderani, M. 2010. Study on phenolic and antioxidant activity of some selected plant of Mazandaran province. Medicinal Plant 9(34): 177-183. (In Persian with English Summary).
24. Karimi, H. 2005. Culture of Iranian plants. Volume II. Parcham Publication, Tehran. 450p. (In Persian).
25. Koocheki, A., and Seyyedi, S.M. 2015. Phonological stages and formation of replacement corms of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) during growing period. Saffron Research 3(2): 134-154. (In Persian with English Summary).
26. Makki zadeh Tafti, M., Chaiechi, M.r., Nasrollahzadeh, S., and Khavazi, K. 2011. Evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilizers on growth and yield of biological and chemical dill (Anethum graveolens L.). Journal of Knowledge of sustainable agricultural production (agricultural knowledge) 21 (4): 62-51. (In Persian with English Summary).
27. Ordoñez, A., Gomez, J.D., Vattuone, M.A., and lsla, M.I. 2006. Antioxidant activities of sechium edule (Jacq) Swartz extracts. Journal of Food Chemistry 97: 452-458.
28. Ozkan, G., Sagdic, O., Baydar, N.G., and Baydar, H. 2004. Antioxidant and anti-bacterial activities of Rosa damascene flower extracts. Journal of Food Science and Technology 10: 277 – 281.
29. Pop, G., Pirsan, P., Mateoc-sirb, N., and Mateoc, T. 2007. Influence of technological elements on yield quantity and quality in marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) cultivated in cultural conditions of Timisoara. 1st international scientific on Medicinal, Aromatic and Spice plants, Nitra. December 5 – 6: 20-23.
30. Raghavendra, H., Vijayananda, B., Madhumathi, G., and Hiremath, A. 2010. In vitro antioxidant activity of Vitex negundo L. Leaf extracts. Chiang Mai Journal of Science 37(3): 489-497.
31. Ramesh, P., and Okigbo, R.N. 2008. Effects of plants and medicinal plant combinations as anti-infectives. Journal of African Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2(7): 130-135.
32. Rezaei, M., Jaimand, K., Tabaei Aghdaie, R., and Barazandeh, M. 2002. Comparison of laboratory and industrial samples in terms of quantity and quality Rosa damascene Mill major combinations of Kashan. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Iran 19: 72-63. (In Persian with English Summary).
33. Schieber, A., Mihalev, K., Berardini, N., Mollov, P., and Carle, R. 2005. Flavonol Glycosides from distilled petals of Rosa damascene Mill. Zeitschrift fur Natuforschung. Journal of Biosciences 60: 379- 84.
34. Velioglu, Y.S., and Mazza, G. 1991. Characterization of flavonoids in petals of Rosa damascene By HPLC and spectral analysis. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 39: 463-7.
35. Weiss, E.A. 1997. Essential Oil Crops. CAB International publication, London. UK. 230 p.