ترکیب دو روش میکرواستخراج برای پیش تغلیظ و استخراج مقدارهای کم مس و اندازه گیری با طیف سنجی جذب شعله ای

محورهای موضوعی : شیمی تجزیه

مریم رضیئی ^{1 *}

1 - استادیار شیمی تجزیه دانشکده شیمی، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/11/24 تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/12/09 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/09/01

کلید واژه: پیش تغلیظ, میکرو استخراج, اندازه گیری مس, نمونه های آب, طیف سنجی جذب اتمی شعله ای,

چکیده مقاله :

در این پژوهش، روش میکرواستخراج نامیزه به کمک امواج فراصوت برپایه انجماد قطره آلی شناور همراه با دستگاه جذب اتمی شعله ای برای استخراج، پیش تغلیظ و اندازه گیری مس در نمونه های آبی متفاوت به کارگرفته شد. کاتیون مس با لیگاند در شرایط مناسب تشکیل کمپلکس داد و از فاز آبی به فاز آلی استخراج کننده که با میکروسرنگ به محلول آبی تزریق شده بود، منتقل شد. به کمک امواج فراصوت، قطره های بسیار ریز حلال استخراج کننده در فاز آبی پراکنده و محلول ابری نامیزه تشکیل شد. کاربرد گریزانه و حمام یخ در این روش منجر به انجماد میکروقطره حلال آلی از سطح محلول آبی شد که پس از جمع آوری، با اتانول به عنوان حامل به دستگاه جذب اتمی برای اندازه گیری وارد شد. عامل های موثر بر تشکیل کمپلکس مس و استخراج بررسی و شرایط بهینه گزارش شد. ارقام شایستگی در روش پیشنهادی ارزشیابی شد که نتیجه های قابل قبول و بهتری از گزارش های پیشین داشت. کارایی روش استخراجی به طورموفقیت آمیزی در نمونه های متفاوت آبی، تایید شد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

In this research, the method of emulsion micro-extraction with the help of ultrasonic waves based on the freezing of floating organic drop along with flame atomic absorption device was used to extract, pre-concentrate and measure copper in different water samples. The copper cation forms a complex with the ligand under suitable conditions and is transferred from the aqueous phase to the organic phase of the extractant which is injected into the aqueous solution with a microsyringe. With the help of ultrasonic waves, very fine droplets of extracting solvent are dispersed in the aqueous phase and a cloudy emulsion solution is formed. The use of centrifuge and ice bath in this method leads to the freezing of microdrops of organic solvent from the surface of the aqueous solution, which are collected and introduced to the atomic absorption device for measurement with ethanol as a carrier. Factors affecting copper complex formation and extraction were investigated and optimal conditions were reported. Analytical figures of merit were evaluated in the proposed method, and the results were acceptable and better than previous reports. The efficiency of the extraction method was successfully confirmed in different water samples.

منابع و مأخذ:

[1] Krupanidhi S, Sreekumar A, Sanjeevi CB. Copper & biological health. Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2008;128(4):448-61.

[2] Banci L, Bertini I, Cantini F, Ciofi-Baffoni S. Cellular copper distribution: a mechanistic systems biology approach. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 2010;67(15):2563-89. doi: 10.1007/s00018-010-0330-x

[3] Tobiasz A, Walas S, Landowska L, Konefał-Góral J. Improvement of copper FAAS determination conditions via preconcentration procedure with the use of salicylaldoxime complex trapped in polymer matrix. Talanta. 2012;96 :82-88. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.02.005

 [4] Tokman N. The use of slurry sampling for the determination of manganese and copper in various samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2007;143:87- 94. doi; 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.08.068

[5] Luiz Silva E, Santos Roldan P, Fernanda Giné M. Simultaneous preconcentration of copper, zinc, cadmium, and nickel in water samples by cloud point extraction using 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol and their determination by inductively coupled plasma optic emission spectrometry. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2009;171(1-3):1133-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.06.127

 [6] Niazi A, Yazdanipour A. Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of cobalt,copper and nickel using 1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol by chemometrics methods. Chinese Chemical Letters. 2008;19(7):860-864. doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2008.04.047

[7] Kaur V, Singh Aulakh J, Kumar Malik A. A new approach for simultaneous determination of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Pd(II) using 2-thiophenaldehyde-3-thiosemicarbazone as reagent by solid phase microextraction-high performance liquid chromatography. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2007;603(1):44-50. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.09.031

[8] Zeeb M, Ganjali M.R, Norouzi P, Kalaee M.R. Separation and preconcentration system based on microextraction with ionic liquid for determination of copper in water and food samples by stopped-flow injection spectrofluorimetry. Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2011;49(5):1086-1091. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.01.017

[9] Tobiasz A, Walas S, Hernández AS, Mrowiec, H. Application of multiwall carbon nanotubes impregnated with 5-dodecylsalicylaldoxime for on-line copper preconcentration and determination in water samples by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Talanta. 2012;96:89-95. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.12.008

[10] Qijun W, Jiaqi H, Hu M, Yu W. A paper-based microfluidic analytical device combined with home-made SPE column for the colorimetric determination of copper (II) ion. Talanta. 2019;204:518-524. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.006

[11] Alonso A, Almendral MJ, Curto Y, Porras MJ. Spectrophotometric Determination of Copper in Waste Water Using Liquid–Liquid Extraction in a Flow-Injection System. Microchimica Acta. 2003;143: 217-220. doi: 10.1007/s00604-003-0068-3

[12] Tokalıoğlu Ş, Yıldız S. A comparative study on the preconcentration of some metal ions in water samples with Cu(II) and Ni(II) salicylaldoxime coprecipitants. Microchim. Acta. 2009;165:129-133. doi: 10.1007/s00604-008-0110-6

[13] Gao Y, Wu P, Li W, Xuan Y, Hou X. Simultaneous and selective preconcentration of trace Cu and Ag by one-step displacement cloud point extraction for FAAS determination. Talanta. 2010;81:586-590. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2009.12.038

[14] Saber-Tehrani M, Aberoomand-Azar P, Raziee M. Hollow fibe-based liduid phase microextraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for extraction and determination of vitamin D₃ in biological fluids. Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies. 2014;37:404-419. doi: 10.1080/10826076.2012.745144

[15] Regueiro J, Llompart M, Garcia-Jares C, Garcia-Monteagudo JC. Ultrasound-assisted emulsification-microextraction of emergent contaminants and pesticides in environmental waters.Journal of Chromatography A. 2008;1190:27-38. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.02.091

[16] Wu Q, Chang Q, Wu C, Rao H, Zeng X, Wang C, Wang Z. Ultrasound-assisted surfactant-enhanced emulsification microextraction for the determination of carbamate pesticides in water samples by high performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A. 2010;1217:1773-1778. doi: org/10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.060

[17] Khalili Zanjani MR, Yamini Y, Shariati SH, Jonsson JA. A new liquid-phase microextraction method based on solidification of floating organic drop. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2007;585:286-293. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.12.049

[18] Ebrahimzadeh H, Saharkhiz Z, Tavassoli M, Kamarei F, Asgharinezhad AA. Ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet combined with HPLC-UV for the analysis of antidepressant drugs in biological samples. Journal of separation science. 2011;34(11):1275-1282. doi: 10.1002/jssc.201000919

[19] Dadfarnia SH, Haji Shabani AM, Kamranzadeh E. Separation/preconcentration and determination of cadmium ions by solidification of floating organic drop microextraction and FI-AAS. Talanta. 2009;79(4):1061-1065. doi: org/10.1016/j.talanta.2009.02.004

[20] Faraji H. Advancements in overcoming challenges in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction: An overview of advanced strategies. Trends in Analytical Chemistry. 2024;170:117429. doi: org/10.1016/j.trac.2023.117429.

[21] Es’haghi Z, Ahmadi-Kalateh Khooni M, Heidari T. Determination of brilliant green from fish pond water using carbon nanotube assisted pseudo-stir bar solid/liquid microextraction combined with UV–Vis spectroscopy–diode array detection. Spectrochimica Acta. Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy. 2011;79:603-607. doi: org/10.1016/j.saa.2011.03.042

[22] Shahi M, Javadi A, Afshar Mogaddamb M, Mirzaei H, Nemati M. Extraction of some antibiotics from propolis samples using homogenous liquid–liquid extraction coupled with deep eutectic solvent–based hollow fibre protected preconcentration. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. 2020;102:6422-6423. doi: org/10.1080/03067319.2020.1811261

[23] Esrafili A, Yamini Y, Shariati SH. Hollow fiber-based liquid phase microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for extraction and determination of some antidepressant drugs in biological fluids. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2007;604:127-133. doi: org/10.1016/j.aca.2007.10.012

[24] Sarfaraz-Yazdi A, Amiri AH, Es ̕ haghi Z. BTEX determination in water matrices using HF-LPME with gas chromatography–flame ionization detector. Chemosphere. 2008;71:671-676. doi: org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.10.073

[25] Lambropoulou DA, Albanis TA. Application of solvent microextraction in a single drop for the determination of new antifouling agents in waters.Journal of Chromatography A. 2004;1049,1-2:17-23. doi: org/10.1016/j.chroma.2004.08.024

 [26] Bagheri H, Saber A, Mousavi SR. Immersed solvent microextraction of phenol and chlorophenols from water samples followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A. 2004;1046:27-33. doi: org/10.1016/j.chroma.2004.06.062

[27] Farajzadeh MA, Bahram M, Mehr BG, Jönsson JA. Optimization of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction of copper (II) by atomic absorption spectrometry as its oxinate chelate: Application to determination of copper in different water samples. Talanta. 2008;75:832-840. doi: org/10.1016/j.talanta.2007.12.035

[28] Mohammadi SZ, Afzali D, Baghelani YM. Ligandless-dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of trace amount of copper ions. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2009; 653:173-177. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.09.010

[29] Farajzadeh MA, Bahram M, Zorita S, Mehr BG. Optimization and application of homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction in preconcentration of copper (II) in a ternary solvent system. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2008;161(2–3):1535-1543. doi:org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.05.041