The Military & Security Cooperation between Iran and Russia in the Syrian Crisis with the Approach of Realism 2010-2017
Subject Areas :
Mohammad Mosaddegh
1
,
Garineh Keshishyan Siraki
2
*
,
Hassan Khodaverdi
3
1 - Ph.D Candidate of International Relations, Department of Political Science & International Relations, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 - Department of Political Science & International Relations, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
3 - Department of Political Science & International Relations, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Keywords: Syrian crisis, civil war, Russia's Military-security policy, Iran's Military-security policy, region-al competition,
Abstract :
Iran, one of the powerful players in West Asia, from the beginning of the crisis in Syria, al-ways tried to sensitively take a completely different position from other regional players in supporting the political system of Syria, as one of the important priorities in foreign policy, follow his military and security. Iran's positions in the Syrian crisis were based on the overlap of the national security interests of this country and the Syrian nation-state, because the vic-tory of fundamentalist Salafist groups in Syria could be the biggest security threat to the axis of resistance, Iran's national interests, and Shia geopolitics in the long run. The region should include Shamat and Iraq. These conditions also existed for Russia, which envisions its own interests in the region of West Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean. Due to its energy re-sources and geopolitical location, this region is considered an influential and unforgivable area for actors like Russia. By presenting ISIS as a security concern, Tehran and Moscow succeed-ed in limiting the American effort to have a serious presence in Syria through close coopera-tion in addition to eliminating the threat of ISIS. In this article, an attempt was made to an-swer this question by relying on the theory of realism, how the crisis in Syria has affected the relations between Iran and Russia between 2010 and 2017 by emphasizing military-security cooperation.
Abdollah Khani, Ali (2004), Security Theo-ries: An Introduction to National Security Doctrine Planning, Volume 1, Tehran: Abrar Moaser Interna-tional Studies and Research Insti-tute.
Anastasovski, I. Stojanovska, T. & Qazimi, A. (2013) "Sport as a substitute for diplomatic activities ". Professional Paper. 1.
Anousheh, Hassan (2001), Persian Literary Encyclopedia, Second Edition, Teh-ran, Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance Publications.
Ashrafi, Akbar & Babazadeh, Amir Saeed (2015), "Russia and America's For-eign Policy towards the Syrian Cri-sis," International Relations Studies, Volume 8, Issue 32, pp. 43-65.
Barzegar, Keyhan (2015), "Iran-Russia Rela-tions in Light of the Syrian Crisis and the Fight Against ISIS," Middle East Scientific Research and Strate-gic Studies Center, available at: https://www.cmess.ir/Page/View/114/114.
Borshchevskaya, Anna (2016) "Russia in the Middle East: Motives, Consequenc-es, Prospects," The Washington In-stitute, Policy Focus 142, February.
Cathail, maidhc (November19,2011), Sanc-tioning Syria. The long road to Damans-cus.http://www.forignpolicyjournal.com/2011/11/19Sanctioning-
Darayandeh, Ruhollah (2019), "Examining the Grounds for Cooperation and Disagreement between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Russia in the Syrian Crisis," Scientific Journal of Islam World Political Studies, Vol-ume 8, Issue 2, pp. 1-26.
Dehshiri, Mohammad Reza (2017), "The Impact of Regional Security on the Behavioral Analysis of Regional Se-curity Complexes," World Policy Re-search Quarterly, Volume 6, Issue 1.
Duclos, Michel (2018), “Syria into the Hands of Russia and Iran”, Institute Montaigne, 9 January 2018
Duclos, Michel. (2019). Russia and Iran in Syria—a Random Partnership or an Enduring Alliance. URL: https://www.atlanticcouncil.org
Farshad Gohar, Nasser et al., (2017), "Ana-lyzing Russia and the Islamic Re-public of Iran's Relations with Em-phasis on the Syrian Crisis," Bian-nual Journal of Politics and Interna-tional Relations, Issue 2, pp. 139-165.
Ghodsi, Amir & Colleagues (2009), "Anti-Geopolitical Role in Geopolitical Thoughts," Geographic Quarterly of Planning, Issue 7, Malayer, Islamic Azad University.
Ghodsi, Amir (2010), "The Conceptual Evo-lution of Power in the Global Geo-political System," Defensive Strate-gy Quarterly, Volume 8, Issue 31, Tehran.
Gholamhossein, Khajeh (2013), "Realism School and Military Strategy," De-fense Policy Magazine, Issue 83.
Giokaris, John (2013), “Syria Facts: The Complete Guide to All the Global Players Involved in the Syrian”, Conflict in: WWW.Policymic.com ,29 August, 2013
Haji Yousefi, Amir Mohammad (2005), "Is-lamic Republic of Iran's Foreign Pol-icy in Light of Regional Develop-ments 1999-2001," Tehran: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Political and In-ternational Studies Office.
Jalo, Ammar (2024), “A Forced Partner-ship... Cooperation Controlled by Competition and Concerns: Russia’s Relationship with Iran in Syria”, Center for Arab Eurasian Studies
Margelov, Mikhail (2013), "Russia’s Vision for the Middle East and North Afri-ca", Chatham House, 10 December 2013, available at: http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/home/chatham/public_htm l/sites/default/files/101213Russia.pdf
Masoud Nia, Hossein & Colleagues (2018), "Analyzing the Islamic Republic of Iran's Foreign Policy Towards Syria: Challenges and Consequences," Strategic Policymaking Studies Quarterly, Issue 28, pp. 125-146.
Mearsheimer, John (2007), "Hans J. Morgen-thau and the Iraq War: Realism vs. Neo-Conservatism," translated by Elham Rezanejad, Strategic Studies Quarterly, Volume 10, Issue 3, Teh-ran.
Mir Hosseini, Seyed Mohsen (2017), "Saudi Arabia's Regional Failures: Reasons for Continued Attacks on Yemen / Start of a New Arms Race in the Region," Dana Information Net-work, available at: http://www.dana.ir/News/1113102.html.
Mohseni, Payam and Others (2015), "Dis-rupting the Chessboard Perspectives on the Russian Intervention in Syr-ia", Harvard Kennedy School: Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, (Accessed on: 6/9/2016). available at: http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu
Moshirzadeh, Homeira et al., (2010), "Mor-genthau Beyond Modernism and Postmodernism," Politics Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 2, Tehran.
Mousavi, Seyed Mohammad (2017), "Struc-tural Realism and Syria's Position in Iran and Russia's Regional Policies,"
Nejat, Ali (2014), "The Islamic Republic of Iran's Foreign Policy Approach to-wards New Middle Eastern Devel-opments," Politics Quarterly, Vol-ume 1, Issue 4, pp. 61-76.
Nejat, Seyed Ali & Asghar Jafari Valadani (2013), "Examining the Role and Position of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Syrian Crisis," Special-ized Political Research Quarterly, Is-sue 8.
Niakooyi, Seyed Amir & Hossein Beh-manesh (2012), "Opposing Actors in the Syrian Crisis: Goals and Ap-proaches," Foreign Relations Quar-terly, Volume 4, Issue 4.
Niakooyi, Seyed Amir (2015), "The Impact of Internal Conflicts in Syria and Iraq on the Middle East Security Complex," Strategic Policy Research Quarterly, Volume 4, Issue 15.
Nouri, Alireza (2017), "Russia's Design for the Post-ISIS Era in Syria," available at: http://npps.ir/ArticlePreview.aspx?id=121909.
Rafiei Basiri, Morteza et al., (2023), "Ana-lyzing the Grounds and Reasons for the Strategic Alliance between Iran and Russia in Syria," Iranian Policy Research, Issue 10, pp. 29-48.
Seyed Hosseini, Sima (1996), Literary Terms Dictionary, Second Edition, Tehran, Morvarid Publications.
Shouri, Mahmoud (2015), "Iran, Russia, and the Future of the Syrian Issue," For-eign Relations, Issue 22.
Tabatabaei, Seyed Mohammad Hossein et al., (2002), Principles of Philosophy and Realism Method Volume 1, Qom, Rooh Publishing.
the long-road-to-Damascus/.
Vafaei Fard, Farhad & Ruhollah Talebi Ara-ni (2019), "The Future of Iran-Russia Relations over Syria (Cooper-ation or Conflict?)," Islamic World Political Studies Research, Issue 9(4), pp. 93-118.
Yousif, Vladimir (2017), "Common Security Threats between Iran and Russia: Grounds for Cooperation," from the book "Iran-Russia Cooperation: Di-mensions and Perspectives," IRAS, August 12, 2017.
Zargar, Afshin (2013), "Russia's Stance on Syrian Developments 2011-2013," Central Asia and Caucasus Quarter-ly, Issue 82.