Logit Model Analysis of Vocational Students’ Agripreneurial Intention in Indonesia
Subject Areas : Agricultural ExtensionBoris Kaido 1 * , Abdul Rahman Saili 2
1 - Department of Plantation Management, Polytechnic of Kampar, Bangkinang, Indonesia
2 - Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Cawangan Sarawak, Malaysia
Keywords: Agripreneurial Intention, Youth, Entrepreneurship, Agribusiness,
Abstract :
Agricultural entrepreneurship is increasingly recognized as a strategic pathway for revitalizing rural economies and strengthening food security, yet youth engagement in this sector remains limited. This study investigates the determinants of vocational students’ intention to engage in agripreneurship in Indonesia using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) framework. Data were collected from 370 valid respondents among 694 agricultural vocational students at the Polytechnic of Kampar, Riau Province, selected through purposive sampling. A binary logistic regression analysis revealed that students with rural backgrounds (OR = 15.793, p = 0.005), greater perceived ease in marketing agricultural products (OR = 4.419, p = 0.004), and access to capital loans (OR = 2.988, p = 0.012) were significantly more likely to express agripreneurial intention. In contrast, perceived affordability of agricultural inputs had a negative effect (OR = 0.342, p = 0.025), while gender, age, parental occupation, and price stability showed no significant influence. These findings highlight the importance of environmental exposure, market accessibility, and financial inclusion in shaping agripreneurial motivation. The study extends TPB in the context of agricultural vocational education and provides practical insights for designing policies that foster youth participation and sustain agricultural regeneration.
1. Abedi, B., Baradaran, M., Khosropour, B., Yazdanpanah, M., & Yaghobi, J. (2023). Understanding the entailment to establish the entrepreneurial university of agriculture and natural resources (Iranian higher education universities). International Journal of Agricultural Science, Research and Technology in Extension and Education Systems, 14(3), 131–143.
2. Agumagu, A. C., Ifeaniy-Obi, C. C., & Agu, C. (2017). Perception of agriculture students towards farming as a means of sustainable livelihood in Rivers State, Nigeria. In Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference of the Agricultural Extension Society of Nigeria (pp. 108–116). University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria: Agricultural Extension Society of Nigeria. https://doi.org/10.4314/jae.v22i1.12S
3. Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
4. Aker, J. C. (2011). Dial “A” for agriculture: A review of information and communication technologies for agricultural extension in developing countries. Agricultural Economics, 42(6), 631–647. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2011.00545.x
5. Anton, A. S., & Mansingh, J. P. (2025). Understanding agripreneurial intention and behaviour using the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analytic review. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Venturing, 17(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEV.2025.146884
6. Anwar, I., Saleem, I., Islam, K. B., Thoudam, P., & Khan, R. (2020). Entrepreneurial intention among female university students: Examining the moderating role of entrepreneurial education. Journal for International Business and Entrepreneurship Development, 12(4), 217–234. https://doi.org/10.1504/JIBED.2020.110254
7. Arifin, B., Wicaksono, E., & Tenrini, R. H. (2021). Agricultural fintech and credit access in Indonesia. Agricultural Finance Review, 81(3), 345–362. https://doi.org/10.1108/AFR-08-2020-0123
8. Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40(4), 471–499. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466601164939
9. Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469–480. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469
10. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
11. Barham, B. L., Chavas, J.-P., Fitz, D., & Schechter, L. (2018). The roles of risk and ambiguity in the persistence of family farms. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 100(5), 1407–1429. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aay035
12. Barsoum, G., Creane, S., & Goyal, R. (2021). Financial literacy and youth entrepreneurship in developing countries. World Development, 137, 105196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105196
13. Beck, T., & Demirgüç-Kunt, A. (2006). Small and medium-size enterprises: Access to finance as a growth constraint. Journal of Banking and Finance, 30(11), 2931–2943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2006.05.009
14. Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241–258). Greenwood Press.
15. BPS (Statistics Indonesia). (2018). Labor force situation in Indonesia, August 2018. Jakarta, Indonesia: BPS – Statistics Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2018/11/07/99b5d7a9f3f93e0570d4972f/ keadaan-angakatan-kerja-indonesia-agustus-2018.html
16. Chiswell, H. (2014). Exploring the role of family farming legacies and rural upbringing in young people’s engagement with agriculture. Rural Sociology, 79(2), 177–199. https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12029
17. Darnhofer, I., Lamine, C., Strauss, A., & Navarrete, M. (2016). The resilience of family farms: Towards a relational approach. Journal of Rural Studies, 44, 111–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.01.013
18. Dinc, M. S., & Budic, S. (2016). The impact of personal attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural control on entrepreneurial intentions of women. Eurasian Journal of Business and Economics, 9(17), 23–35. https://doi.org/10.17015/ejbe.2016.017.02
19. Directorate General of Vocational Education. (2022). Annual report on vocational education 2021. Jakarta: Ministry of Education and Culture. Retrieved from https://psmk.kemdikbud.go.id
20. Doss, C. R. (2006). Analyzing technology adoption using microstudies: Limitations, challenges, and opportunities for improvement. Agricultural Economics, 34(3), 207–219. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-0862.2006.00119.x
21. Doss, C., Meinzen-Dick, R., Quisumbing, A., & Theis, S. (2018). Women in agriculture: Four myths. Global Food Security, 16, 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2017.10.001
22. Erwin Kurniawan, A., Nurjanana, N., Imang, N., Busari, A., Purwanti, P., & Darma, D. C. (2024). Uncovering the sustainability of agricultural cooperatives in East Kutai, Indonesia. International Journal of Agricultural Science, Research and Technology in Extension and Education Systems, 15(1), 57–74. Retrieved from https://sanad.iau.ir/Journal/ijasrt/Article/1033805
23. Falk, A., Becker, A., Dohmen, T., Huffman, D., & Sunde, U. (2018). Global evidence on economic preferences. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 133(4), 1645–1692. https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjy013
24. FAO. (2022). The state of food and agriculture 2022. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb9479en
25. Farrukh, M., Lee, J. W. C., Sajid, M., & Waheed, A. (2017). Entrepreneurial intentions: The role of personality traits in perspective of theory of planned behaviour. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 11(3), 308–317. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-01-2018-0004
26. Filmer, D., & Fox, L. (2014). Youth employment in Sub-Saharan Africa. Washington, DC: World Bank. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0107-5
27. Fitz-Koch, S., Nordqvist, M., Carter, S., & Hunter, E. (2018). Entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector: A literature review and future research opportunities. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 42(1), 129–166. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258717732958
28. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2019). Youth and agriculture: Key challenges and concrete solutions. Rome: FAO. Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/3/i5716e/i5716e.pdf
29. Fuglie, K. O., & Toole, A. A. (2014). The evolving institutional structure of public and private agricultural research. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 96(3), 862–883. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aau019
30. Gelaidan, H. M., & Abdullateef, A. O. (2017). Entrepreneurial intentions of business students in Malaysia: The role of self-confidence, educational and relational support. Journal of International Entrepreneurship, 15(3), 258–279. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-06-2016-0078
31. Glover, D., & Kusterer, K. (2016). Small farmers, big business: Contract farming and rural development. Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-56182-2
32. Greene, W. H. (2000). Econometric analysis (4th ed., pp. 811–856). New Jersey: Prentice Hall International, Inc.
33. Gujarati, D. (1999). Essentials of econometrics (2nd ed., pp. 449–451). Singapore: McGraw-Hill Book Co.
34. International Labour Organization (ILO). (2021). Global employment trends for youth 2020. Geneva: International Labour Organization. https://www.ilo.org/global/publications/books/WCMS_737648/lang--en/index.htm
35. Jayne, T. S., & Rashid, S. (2013). Input subsidy programs in sub-Saharan Africa: A synthesis of recent evidence. Agricultural Economics, 44(6), 547–562. https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12073
36. Just, R. E., & Pope, R. D. (2003). Agricultural risk analysis: Adequacy of models, data, and issues. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 85(5), 1249–1256. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0092-5853.2003.00534.x
37. Kanchev, H. (2022). Entrepreneurial attitudes of students in agricultural universities in Bulgaria. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 28(6), 1073–1077. https://www.agrojournal.org/28/06-19.pdf
38. Karlan, D., Ratan, A. L., & Zinman, J. (2014). Savings by and for the poor: A research review and agenda. Review of Income and Wealth, 60(1), 36–78. https://doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12101
39. Koleva, N., Georgiev, Y., & Teneva, D. (2023). Attitudes and motivation of young people towards agricultural occupations in Bulgaria. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 29(1), 71–76. https://www.agrojournal.org/29/01-08.pdf
40. Kote, P., M, Y., Jabeen, A., Prabhavathi, S. J., Ramasamy, M., Dhanalakshmi, K., Chitra, K., & Malathi, G. (2024). A scoping review on youth participation in agriculture: Sustainable development, food security, and economic growth. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports. https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i52012
41. Krueger, N. F., Jr., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5–6), 411–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00033-0
42. Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Hackett, G. (1994). Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 45(1), 79–122. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1994.1027
43. Liñán, F., & Chen, Y. W. (2009). Development and cross-cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), 593–617. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00318.x
44. Mamino-Bayot, C. S., & Ortega-Dela Cruz, R. A. (2025). Functional competency of agriculture extension workers in the Philippines. International Journal of Agricultural Science, Research and Technology in Extension and Education Systems, 15(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.71505/ijasrt.2025.1192667
45. Mathew, S. K. (2015). A study on the attitude of youth towards entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship in Kerala (Doctoral dissertation, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kerala, India).
46. Ministry of Agriculture. (2018). Strategic plan 2015–2019 of the Agency for Agricultural Extension and Human Resources Development (3rd rev. ed.). Jakarta, Indonesia: Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia.http://perpustakaan.bappenas.go.id/lontar/file?file=digital/176705-%5B_Konten_%5D-Konten%20D511.pdf
47. Ministry of Education and Culture, Indonesia. (2023). Education statistics 2022/2023. Jakarta, Indonesia: MoEC. https://pusdatin.kemdikbud.go.id/
48. Mohammad, N., Shafie, N. I., Shafie, I. S. M., & Mohammad, M. (2023). Agripreneurial intention among young business graduates. Information Management and Business Review, 15(2), 35–43. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v15i2(i)si.3416
49. Mortimer, J. T., Zimmer-Gembeck, M. J., Holmes, M., & Shanahan, M. J. (2002). The process of occupational decision making. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61(3), 439–465. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2002.1885
50. Norton, G. W., Alwang, J., & Masters, W. A. (2021). Economics of agricultural development: World food systems and resource use (4th ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003174965
51. Nugroho, A. D., Pravitasari, A. E., Rustiadi, E., Mulya, S. P., & Setiawan, Y. (2022). The impact of digital agriculture platform on Indonesian farmers' market access: A case study of eFishery. Agricultural Systems, 196, 103347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103347
52. Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
53. Octaviani, R., Suryanto, S., & Kurniawan, R. (2021). Spatial inequality of agricultural market access in Indonesia: Implications for rural development policy. Journal of Rural Studies, 88, 446–455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.07.020
54. Oosterbeek, H., van Praag, M., & Ijsselstein, A. (2010). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship skills and motivation. European Economic Review, 54(3), 442–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2009.08.002
55. Peterman, N. E., & Kennedy, J. (2003). Enterprise education: Influencing students' perceptions of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28(2), 129–144. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1540-6520.2003.00035.x
56. Pretty, J., Benton, T. G., Bharucha, Z. P., Dicks, L. V., Flora, C. B., Godfray, H. C. J., & Wratten, S. (2018). Global assessment of agricultural system redesign for sustainable intensification. Nature Sustainability, 1(8), 441–446. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018-0114-0
57. Ragandhi, A., Hasnu, S., & Maryudi, A. (2021). Why do young women not enter agriculture? A qualitative examination from Indonesia. Journal of Rural Studies, 86, 246–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.05.023
58. Rahmawati, R., Ashari, A., & Suryantini, A. (2022). Gender gaps in land ownership and agricultural credit access in Indonesia. Agriculture and Human Values, 39(1), 343–356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10460-021-10254-6
59. Rigg, J., Phongsiri, M., Promphakping, B., Salamanca, A., & Sripun, M. (2020). Who will tend the farm? Interrogating the ageing Asian farmer. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 47(2), 306–325. https://doi.org/10.1080/03066150.2018.1534831
60. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
61. Sedina, A., Ihou, A. F. Y., Korem, A., & Mansingh, P. J. (2025). Digital transformation in the poultry industry: Assessing adoption through the UTAUT model and managerial profiles. International Journal of Agricultural Science, Research and Technology in Extension and Education Systems, 15(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.71505/ijasrt.2025.1202476
62. Shanahan, M. J. (2000). Pathways to adulthood in changing societies: Variability and mechanisms in life course perspective. Annual Review of Sociology, 26(1), 667–692. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.667
63. Souitaris, V., Zerbinati, S., & Al-Laham, A. (2007). Do entrepreneurship programmes raise entrepreneurial intention of science and engineering students? The effect of learning, inspiration and resources. Journal of Business Venturing, 22(4), 566–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2006.05.002
64. Stoyanova, Z., & Mitev, D. (2020). Possibilities for employment of young people in agriculture. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 26(1), 200–205. https://www.agrojournal.org/26/01-26.pdf
65. Subhiksha, K., & Vennila, M. A. (2024). Empowering rural youth through entrepreneurship development: Tackling unemployment, migration, and catalyzing innovation. International Journal of Agricultural Extension and Social Development, 7(8), 103–110. https://doi.org/10.33545/26180723.2024.v7.i8b.880
66. Thephavanh, M., Philp, J., Nuberg, I., & Denton, M. (2023). Exploring demographic influences on perceptions of agricultural entrepreneurship as a career choice among Lao youth. Development in Practice, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.2023.2183831
67. Valerio, A., Parton, B., & Robb, A. (2014). Entrepreneurship education and training programs around the world: Dimensions for success. World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0202-7
68. White, B. (2012). Agriculture and the generation problem: Rural youth, employment and the future of farming. IDS Bulletin, 43(6), 9–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.2012.00358.x
69. Widodo, W., Baswedan, A. R., Suyata, P., & Saputra, W. N. E. (2024). Entrepreneurship education in vocational schools: An Indonesian model. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 14(1), 373. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v14i1.32317
70. World Bank. (2021). Indonesia economic prospects: Investing in human capital. World Bank Group. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1729-5
71. World Bank. (2023). Indonesia economic prospects, June 2023. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/39859
72. Yamakawa, Y., Lynch, J., & Pan, R. (2021). Turning points in entrepreneurial persistence: The role of mentorship during career transitions. Journal of Business Venturing, 36(4), 106–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2021.106127
73. Yami, M., Feleke, S., Abdoulaye, T., Alene, A. D., Bamba, Z., & Manyong, V. (2019). African rural youth engagement in agribusiness: Achievements, limitations, and lessons. Sustainability, 11(1), 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010185
Received: 26 August 2024 |
Reviewed: 20 September 2025
Revised: 25 September 2025
Accepted: 28 September 2025
|
|
Logit Model Analysis of Vocational Students’ Agripreneurial Intention in Indonesia
Boris Kaido1* and Abdul Rahman Saili2
1Department of Plantation Management, Polytechnic of Kampar, Bangkinang, Indonesia
2Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Cawangan Sarawak, Malaysia
*Corresponding Author Email: boriskaido@poltek-kampar.ac.id
A
Keywords Agripreneurial Intention, Youth, Entrepreneurship, Agribusiness Development |
Abstract |