Detection of Genetic Variations in the Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) Gene Family of Tali Goat and Studying of Deleterious Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) that Potentially Cause Infectious Diseases

Subject Areas :

E. Rezvannejad ^{1 *} , S. Lotfi ^{2 *} , N. Kargar ³ , H. Asedollahpour Nanai ⁴ , A. Mousavizadeh ⁵

1 - Department of Biotechnology, Institute Science and High Technology and Environmental Science, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
2 - Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Sciences and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Kerman Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Re-search Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kerman, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science, Shiraz Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shiraz, Iran
5 - Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

Received: 2025-05-18 Accepted : 2025-08-10 Published : 2025-09-01

Keywords: In silico tools, infectious diseases, SNP, Tali breed goat, toll-like receptor,

Abstract :

Infectious diseases are highly prevalent diseases in farm animals such as goat that cause high economic losses. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the induction of innate immune responses, they can identify the invading pathogens. In this study, SNPs in TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR6, TLR9, and TLR10 in Tali breed goat (a resistant breed) were identified and reported for the first time. A pooled DNA of 15 Tali goat, was sequenced and mapped to the goat reference sequence. Non-synonymous single nucleotide poly-morphisms (nsSNPs) of this gene family of the Tali breed were compared with the retrieved available data-set of the Sanen breed goat (a susceptible breed). Identified SNPs were analyzed by orting intolerant from tolerant (SFIT), PolyPhen, Provean, and I- Mutant servers. The results obtained from various tools showed that the difference between deleterious nsSNPs of TLR3, TLR9, and TLR10 between Tali and Sanen goat may exhibit the greatest impact on protein stability. Additionally, the 3D structure of both Tali and Sanen breed forms of TLR3, TLR9, and TLR10 were modeled. The present study revealed the 5 deleterious nsSNPs in TLR3, TLR9, and TLR10 may affect the function of TLRs but didn't cause any significant change in the structures.

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