Rice Waste and Tillage Management in Guilan Rice Paddy Fields: An Essential Approach to Sustainable Agricultural Management
Subject Areas : Farm Managementفاطمه علیپور مبارکی 1 , علی محمدی ترکاشوند 2 , محمود شعبانپور شهرستانی 3 , علی اعلمی 4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری فیزیک و حفاظت خاک، گروه علوم خاک، واحد علوم و تحقیقات دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - دانشیار، گروه علوم خاک، واحد علوم و تحقیقات دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیار کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، گیلان، ایران
4 - استادیار کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، گیلان، ایران
Keywords: Tillage method, zn, organic matter, residues burning, residues conservation, pest Stem Borer,
Abstract :
One of the major contributors to air pollution, soil environmental degradations and health risks in paddy fields is the production of high volumes of rice growing activities’ wastes. Poorly managed rice husk and straw (such as burning) can be problematic since they threaten rice -based cropping system and farmers’ economy. One promising approach to decrease their negative effects is to use alternative managerial practices to guaranty both food security and sustainable agriculture and to address waste management issues. Currently, the burning rice wastes burning and off season’s tillage are two hot topics that is of interest to numerous agricultural researchers. The main purpose of this study was to explore the effects of rice residues burning on a number of crucial paddy soil chemical and physical characters, rice yield and yield component, rice pests, diseases, and common weeds populations. The current one -year field experiment was carried out in five factors factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were tillage methods at three levels (non-plowing, autumn plowing, and winter plowing), and crop residues’ management at two levels (residues burning and residues conservation). The chemical (Total N, Zn content and OC %) and physical (infiltration rate) properties of paddy soil were significantly affected by residual management (p <0.05), except bulk density. The initial soil organic carbon percentage (2.18%) and consequently initial infiltration rate (2.04) increased at the conservative management of the residues in combination with plowing by around 0.51 percent, 2.69 and 2.81, respectively. Furthermore, the 1000 grains weight and filled grains weight were increased by abovementioned treatments by around 8 and 9percent, respectively. The rate of emergence of rice stem borer was negatively affected by winter and autumn plowing more than 4 times, with non- significant difference between winter and autumn plowing. The applied treatments had not any significant effect on studied rice weed populations, except weed 1 that tillage management caused a decrease about 2 times in its population. The applied treatments (alone and/or in combination) not only can certainly contribute to the reduction of rice weed, pest and disease populations but also strongly recommend to improve some important soil physical and chemical properties.
Akbari, F., Dahmardeh, M., Morshdi A., Ghanbari A., & Khoramdel, S. (2018). Effects of tillage system and plant residue on nitrogen uptake and use efficiency in corn and bean intercropping systems. Journal of Agricultural Crops Production, Crops Improvement, 20(4),785-799. (in Persian)
Alam, M., Islam, M., Salahin, N., & Hasanuzzaman, M. (2014). Effect of tillage practices on soil properties and crop productivity in wheat-mungbean-rice cropping system under subtropical climatic conditions. The Scientific World Journal,
ASTM International. (2010). ASTM D 854-02: Standard test methods for specific gravity of soil solids by water pycnometer. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2002, www.astm.org
Berhe, F. T., Fanta, A., Alamirew, T., & Melesse, A. M. (2013). The effect of tillage practices on grain yield and water use efficiency. Catena, 100, 128-138.
Bhagat, R. M., Bhuiyan, S. I., & Moody, K. (1996). Water, tillage and weed interactions in lowland tropical rice: A review. Agricultural Water Management, 31(3), 165-184.
Chegeni, M., Ansari-dust, S., & Eskandari, H. (2014). Effect of tillage methods and residuals management. on Some Physical Properties of Soil to Achieve Sustainable Agriculture. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 24(2), 31-40.
Cook, R. J. (2001). Management of wheat and barley root diseases in modern farming systems. Australasian Plant Pathology, 30(2), 119-126.
Dobermann, A., & Fairhurst, T. H. (2000). Nutrient disorders and nutrient management. Potash and Phosphate Institute, Potash and Phosphate Institute of Canada and International Rice Research Institute, Singapore.
Dobermann, A., & Fairhurst, T. H. (2002). Rice straw management. Better Crops International, 16(1), 7-11.
DU, X. B., Chen, C. H. E. N., LUO, L. J., XIA, L. P., Kang, L. I. U., CHEN, Y. H., & YU, X. Q. (2014). Long-term no-tillage direct seeding mode for water-saving and drought-resistance rice production in rice-rapeseed rotation System. Rice Science, 21(4), 210-216.
Dwivedi, B. S., Singh, V. K., Shukla, A. K., & Meena, M. C. (2012). Optimizing dry and wet tillage for rice on a Gangetic alluvial soil: Effect on soil characteristics, water use efficiency and productivity of the rice–wheat system. European Journal of Agronomy, 43, 155-165.
El-Sobky, E. S. E. (2017). Effect of burned rice straw, phosphorus and nitrogen fertilization on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 62(1), 113-120.
Farenhorst, A. (2006). Importance of soil organic matter fractions in soil‐landscape and regional assessments of pesticide sorption and leaching in soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 70(3), 1005-1012.
Ghimire, R., Lamichhane, S., Acharya, B. S., Bista, P., & Sainju, U. M. (2017). Tillage, crop residue, and nutrient management effects on soil organic carbon in rice-based cropping systems: A review. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 16(1), 1-15.
Giti, A. (2010). Compost, sustainable management of soil and water, environmental purification. University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).
Gürsoy, S., Sessiz, A., & Malhi, S. S. (2010). Short-term effects of tillage and residue management following cotton on grain yield and quality of wheat. Field crops research, 119(2-3), 260-268.
Habtegebrial, K., Singh, B. R., & Haile, M. (2007). Impact of tillage and nitrogen fertilization on yield, nitrogen use efficiency of tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) and soil properties. Soil and Tillage Research, 94(1), 55-63.
Huang, M., Zhou, X., Cao, F., Xia, B., & Zou, Y. (2015). No-tillage effect on rice yield in China: A meta-analysis. Field Crops Research, 183, 126-137.
Kabeya, M. J., & Shankar, A. G. (2013). Effect of different levels of zinc on growth and uptake ability in rice zinc contrast lines (Oryza Sativa L.). Asian Journal of Plant Science & Research, 3(3), 112-116.
Lampurlanés, J., Angás, P., & Cantero-Martınez, C. (2001). Root growth, soil water content and yield of barley under different tillage systems on two soils in semiarid conditions. Field Crops Research, 69(1), 27-40.
Lapen, D. R., Topp, G. C., Edwards, M. E., Gregorich, E. G., & Curnoe, W. E. (2004). Combination cone penetration resistance/water content instrumentation to evaluate cone penetration–water content relationships in tillage research. Soil and Tillage Research, 79(1), 51-62.
Lithourgidis, A. S., Dhima, K. V., Damalas, C. A., Vasilakoglou, I. B., & Eleftherohorinos, I. G. (2006). Tillage effects on wheat emergence and yield at varying seeding rates, and on labor and fuel consumption. Crop Science, 46(3), 1187-1192.
Mahmoud Soltani, S. (2017). Spatial variability of phosphorus fractions in paddy fields. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 24(5), 93-109.
Meena, J. R., Behera, U. K., Chakraborty, D., & Sharma, A. R. (2015). Tillage and residue management effect on soil properties, crop performance and energy relations in greengram (Vigna radiata L.) under maize-based cropping systems. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 3(4), 261-272.
Nelson, D. W., & Sommers, L. E. (1996). Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. Soil Science Society of America (SSSA).
Olsen, S. R., & Sommers, L. E. (1982). Nitrogen-total. Methods of soil analysis, Part II (Page AL, Miller RM, Keeney DR, eds). Agronomy, 9, 403-430.
Sharifi, M. M., & Alizadeh, M. R. (2002). An Investigation of Effectiveness of Puddling on Weed Density in Rice Fields. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Sciences (Journal of Agriculture),34(2), 465-470 (In Persian).
Singh, M., Sidhu, H. S., Humphreys, E., Thind, H. S., Jat, M. L., Blackwell, J., & Singh, V. (2015). Nitrogen management for zero till wheat with surface retention of rice residues in north-west India. Field Crops Research, 184, 183-191.
Singh, Y., & Sidhu, H. S. (2014). Management of cereal crop residues for sustainable rice-wheat production system in the Indo-Gangetic plains of India. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy, 80(1), 95-114.
Skaf, L., Buonocore, E., Dumontet, S., Capone, R., & Franzese, P. P. (2019). Food security and sustainable agriculture in Lebanon: An environmental accounting framework. Journal of Cleaner Production, 209, 1025-1032.
Tripathi, R. P., Sharma, P., & Singh, S. (2007). Influence of tillage and crop residue on soil physical properties and yields of rice and wheat under shallow water table conditions. Soil and Tillage Research, 92(1-2), 221-226.
Yadav, G.S., Lal, R., Meena, R.S., Babu, S., Das, A., Bhowmik, S.N., Datta, M., Layak, J. and Saha, P. (2019). Conservation tillage and nutrient management effects on productivity and soil carbon sequestration under double cropping of rice in north eastern region of India. Ecological Indicators, 105, 303-315.
Yaghoubi, H., Allahyari, M. S., Firouzi, S., Damalas, C. A., & Marzban, S. (2019). Identifying sustainable options for rice husk valorization using the analytic hierarchy process. Outlook on Agriculture, 48(2), 117-125.