اندازه گیری مقدار فلزات کمیاب(Zn, Fe, Cu) و سمی(Pb, Cd, Ni) در صمغ درخت ارژن (Amygdalus haussknechtii) در جنگل های غرب ایران
محورهای موضوعی : فلزات سنگینسید محمد حسینی 1 , علی محمدزاده 2
1 - دکتری شیمی تجزیه، دانشکده داروسازی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی لرستان ،خرم آباد، ایران.
2 - Young Researchers and Elite Club, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
کلید واژه: کلمات کلیدی: صمغ, درخت ارژن, فلزات کمیاب و سمی,
چکیده مقاله :
با توجه به اهمیت استفاده از مواد گیاهی مانند صمغ درختان در صنایع، کنترل کیفیت این مواد جهت تضمین سلامت زندگی بشر و جلوگیری از آلودگیهای محیطی ضروری است. صمغ ها نقش پایدارکننده، امولسیون کننده و بهبود دهنده بافت در مواد غذایی و دارویی را ایفا می کنند. صمغ خوراکی تراویده از درخت ارژن، حاوی برخی فلزات ضروری (روی، آهن و مس) و سمی (سرب، کادمیوم و نیکل) است. در این تحقیق، غلظت فلزات ضروی نظیر روی، آهن و مس و فلزات سمی نظیر سرب، کادمیوم و نیکل در صمغ تراوش شده از درخت ارژن که در سه منطقه (منطقه های ایلام، لرستان و فارس) رویش دارد، اندازه‌گیری شد. در این پژوهش، غلظت فلزات ضروری و سمی در صمغ درخت ارژن، برمبنای روش هضم تر(هضم در اسید)به کمک امواج فراصوت و دستگاه جذب اتمی اندازه گیری شد. نمونه های صمغ، پس از خاکستر شدن و هضم در هیدروکلریک اسید، بمدت ده دقیقه در حمام اولتراسونیک ( امواج فراصوت) در دمای °C 40 قرار گرفتند. بر اساس اندازه گیریهای مربوط به نمونه های سه منطقه، بیشترین غلظت به فلز آهن تعلق دارد. بر اساس آزمون تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه و بدنبال آن، تست t، بین غلظت فلزات سمی و ضروری در سه منطقه تفاوت معنی داری وجود دارد(P<05/0). غلظت بالای فلز سرب و برخی فلزات ضروری در نمونه های صمغ می تواند به دلیل تجمع بالای این فلزات در خاک باشد. بنابراین پایش مستمر مقدار فلزات سمی و ضروری در مواد خوراکی، در کاهش خطرات محیطی تهدید کننده سلامت انسان نقش مهمی دارد.
Due to the importance of using plant materials such as tree gum in industry, quality control of these materials is necessary to ensure human health and prevent environmental pollution. Gums play a stabilizing, emulsifying and tissue-improving role in food and medicine. Edible gum extracted from Amygdalus Haussknechtii (Arjan) tree contains some essential metals (zinc, iron and copper) and toxic (lead, cadmium and nickel). In this study, the concentrations of essential metals such as zinc, iron and copper and toxic metals such as lead, cadmium and nickel in the gum exuded from the Arjan tree that grows in three regions (Ilam, Lorestan and Fars) were measured. In this study, the concentration of essential and toxic metals in Arjan tree gum was measured based on wet digestion method (acid digestion) using ultrasound and atomic absorption spectrometer. The gums samples, after being ashed and digested in hydrochloric acid, were placed in an ultrasonic bath (ultrasound) at 40 ° C for ten minutes. According to the measurements of the samples from the three regions, the highest concentration belongs to iron metal. Based on one-way analysis of variance and subsequent t-test, there is a significant difference between the concentrations of toxic and essential metals in the three regions (P <0.05). High concentration of lead and some essential metals in gum samples could exist due to high accumulation of this metal in soil. Therefore, continues monitoring of toxic and essential metals in edible materials of farmlands plays an important role in reducing the environmental risks threating human health.
1- Zih-Perényi, K., Jankovics, P., Sugár, É., et al., Solid phase chelating extraction and separation of inorganic antimony species in pharmaceutical and water samples for graphite furnace atomicabsorptionspectrometry. SpectrochimicaActa Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 2008, Vol.63, pp. 445-449.
2- Somer, G., Ünlü, A N., The effect of acid digestion on the recoveries of trace elements: recommended policies for the elimination of losses. Turk J Chem, 2006, Vol .30, pp. 745-753.
3- Hashemi, P., Hosseini, M., Kakanejadifard, A., et al., Dispersive Liquid‐Liquid Microextraction of Cu (II) Using a Novel Dioxime for Its Highly Sensitive Determination by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, 2010, Vol. 57, pp. 111-117.
4- Hashemi, P., Hosseini, M., Zargoosh, K., et al., High sensitive optode for selective determination of Ni 2+ based on the covalently immobilized thionine in agarose membrane. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2011, Vol. 153, pp. 24-28.
5- Persin, Z., Stana-Kleinschek, K., Foster, TJ., et al., Challenges and opportunities in polysaccharides research and technology: The EPNOE views for the next decade in the areas of materials, food and health care. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2011, Vol 84, pp. 22-32.
6- Wang, L., Di, LQ., Liu, R., et al., Characterizations and microsphere formulation of polysaccharide from the marine clam (Mactraveneriformis). Carbohydrate polymers, 2013, Vol. 92, pp.106-113.
7- Singthong, J., Ningsanond, S., et al., Extraction and physicochemical characterisation of polysaccharide gum from Yanang (Tiliacoratriandra) leaves. Food Chemistry, 2009, Vol. 114, pp. 1301-1307.
8- Salkhori, NY., Ghaemi, N., et al., Biosorption of heavy metal onto microorganism. J. of Biological Science, 2010, Vol. 40, pp. 51-60.
9- Al-Saleh, I., Shinwari, N., Report on the levels of cadmium, lead, and mercury in imported rice grain samples. Biological Trace Element Research, 2001, Vol 83, pp. 91-96.
10- Nazir, R., Khan, M., Masab, M., Rehman, H., RAUF, N., Shahab, S., Ameer, N., Sajed, M., Ullah, M., Raffeq, M., Shaheen, Z., Accumulation of Heavy Metals (Ni, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, Fe) in the soil , water and plants and analysis of physico- chemical parameters of soil and water Collected from Tanda Dam kohat. J. Pharm. Sci. & Res, 2015, Vol. 7, pp. 89-97.
11- Soylak, M., Tuzen, M., Souza, A., et al., Optimization of microwave assisted digestion procedure for the determination of zinc, copper and nickel in tea samples employing flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Journal of Hazardous materials, 2007, Vol. 149, pp. 264-268.
12- Brunori, C., Ipolyi, I., Macaluso, L., et al., Evaluation of an ultrasonic digestion procedure for total metal determination in sediment reference materials. Analyticachimicaacta, 2004, Vol. 510, pp. 101-107.
13- Mohammadzadeh, A., Samadi-Maybodi, A., et al., Determination of trace elements in soil, leaves and fruits of Quercusbrantii grown in southwestern Iran by atomic spectroscopy. SpectrochimicaActa Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2013, Vol, 113, pp. 423-426.
14- Musavi-Nadushan, R., Salimi, L., Determining the concentrations of nickel, lead and cadmium in Barbusgrypus of Dez River, Iran.Journal of Mazandaran University of medicinal science, 2014, Vol. 23, pp. 232-36.
15- Do Socorro Vale, M., Lopes, GS., Gouveia, ST., The development of a digestion procedure for the determination of metals in gum obtained from deposits in internal combustion engines by ICP–OES. Fuel, 2009; Vol. 88, pp. 1955-1960.
16- Winiarska-Mieczan, A., Nowak, K., Determining the content of some minerals in fruit and vegetable baby juices.Journal of Elementology, 2006, Vol. 13, pp. 11-15.
17- Dadalahi, S., Nabavi, S., M., Kheyrvar, N., Bioassay factors associated with the accumulation of heavy metals in the tissues of the river (Barbus grypus) in muscle and gill grypus Arvand River. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 2009, Vol. 17, pp. 27-34.
_||_1- Zih-Perényi, K., Jankovics, P., Sugár, É., et al., Solid phase chelating extraction and separation of inorganic antimony species in pharmaceutical and water samples for graphite furnace atomicabsorptionspectrometry. SpectrochimicaActa Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, 2008, Vol.63, pp. 445-449.
2- Somer, G., Ünlü, A N., The effect of acid digestion on the recoveries of trace elements: recommended policies for the elimination of losses. Turk J Chem, 2006, Vol .30, pp. 745-753.
3- Hashemi, P., Hosseini, M., Kakanejadifard, A., et al., Dispersive Liquid‐Liquid Microextraction of Cu (II) Using a Novel Dioxime for Its Highly Sensitive Determination by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, 2010, Vol. 57, pp. 111-117.
4- Hashemi, P., Hosseini, M., Zargoosh, K., et al., High sensitive optode for selective determination of Ni 2+ based on the covalently immobilized thionine in agarose membrane. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 2011, Vol. 153, pp. 24-28.
5- Persin, Z., Stana-Kleinschek, K., Foster, TJ., et al., Challenges and opportunities in polysaccharides research and technology: The EPNOE views for the next decade in the areas of materials, food and health care. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2011, Vol 84, pp. 22-32.
6- Wang, L., Di, LQ., Liu, R., et al., Characterizations and microsphere formulation of polysaccharide from the marine clam (Mactraveneriformis). Carbohydrate polymers, 2013, Vol. 92, pp.106-113.
7- Singthong, J., Ningsanond, S., et al., Extraction and physicochemical characterisation of polysaccharide gum from Yanang (Tiliacoratriandra) leaves. Food Chemistry, 2009, Vol. 114, pp. 1301-1307.
8- Salkhori, NY., Ghaemi, N., et al., Biosorption of heavy metal onto microorganism. J. of Biological Science, 2010, Vol. 40, pp. 51-60.
9- Al-Saleh, I., Shinwari, N., Report on the levels of cadmium, lead, and mercury in imported rice grain samples. Biological Trace Element Research, 2001, Vol 83, pp. 91-96.
10- Nazir, R., Khan, M., Masab, M., Rehman, H., RAUF, N., Shahab, S., Ameer, N., Sajed, M., Ullah, M., Raffeq, M., Shaheen, Z., Accumulation of Heavy Metals (Ni, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, Fe) in the soil , water and plants and analysis of physico- chemical parameters of soil and water Collected from Tanda Dam kohat. J. Pharm. Sci. & Res, 2015, Vol. 7, pp. 89-97.
11- Soylak, M., Tuzen, M., Souza, A., et al., Optimization of microwave assisted digestion procedure for the determination of zinc, copper and nickel in tea samples employing flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Journal of Hazardous materials, 2007, Vol. 149, pp. 264-268.
12- Brunori, C., Ipolyi, I., Macaluso, L., et al., Evaluation of an ultrasonic digestion procedure for total metal determination in sediment reference materials. Analyticachimicaacta, 2004, Vol. 510, pp. 101-107.
13- Mohammadzadeh, A., Samadi-Maybodi, A., et al., Determination of trace elements in soil, leaves and fruits of Quercusbrantii grown in southwestern Iran by atomic spectroscopy. SpectrochimicaActa Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2013, Vol, 113, pp. 423-426.
14- Musavi-Nadushan, R., Salimi, L., Determining the concentrations of nickel, lead and cadmium in Barbusgrypus of Dez River, Iran.Journal of Mazandaran University of medicinal science, 2014, Vol. 23, pp. 232-36.
15- Do Socorro Vale, M., Lopes, GS., Gouveia, ST., The development of a digestion procedure for the determination of metals in gum obtained from deposits in internal combustion engines by ICP–OES. Fuel, 2009; Vol. 88, pp. 1955-1960.
16- Winiarska-Mieczan, A., Nowak, K., Determining the content of some minerals in fruit and vegetable baby juices.Journal of Elementology, 2006, Vol. 13, pp. 11-15.
17- Dadalahi, S., Nabavi, S., M., Kheyrvar, N., Bioassay factors associated with the accumulation of heavy metals in the tissues of the river (Barbus grypus) in muscle and gill grypus Arvand River. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 2009, Vol. 17, pp. 27-34.