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  • تاثیر آتش‎سوزی برخصوصیات فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی خاک اکوسیستم‎های جنگلی

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کد مقاله : 3280 بازدید : 137 صفحه: 31 - 41

نوع مقاله: پژوهشی

تاثیر آتش‎سوزی برخصوصیات فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی خاک اکوسیستم‎های جنگلی

محورهای موضوعی : آب و محیط زیست

مریم مصلحی 1 , هاشم حبشی 2 , اکرم احمدی 3

1 - دانشجوی دکتری جنگل شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان*(مسئول مکاتبات)
2 - استادیار دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
3 - دانشجوی دکتری جنگل شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

تاریخ دریافت : 1392/01/27 تاریخ پذیرش : 1392/07/10 تاریخ انتشار : 1392/10/01

کلید واژه: آتش‎سوزی, خصوصیات خاک, اکوسیستم‎های جنگلی,

چکیده مقاله :

آتش‎سوزی یکی از رخدادهای مهم و رایج در کلیه اکوسیستم‎های جنگلی است که تاثیرات بسیار پیچیده‎ای بر روی خصوصیات خاک دارد. تغییرات در خصوصیات فیزیکی (تخریب ساختار و تخلخل خاک، افزایش رواناب و فرسایش)، شیمیایی (کاهش مواد آلی، تبخیر کاتیون‎ها، تغییر در ذخایر عناصر غذایی وچرخه آن‎ها) و بیولوژیکی خاک (کاهش در گونه‎های میکرو و ماکروفون‎ها و تغییر جمعیت میکربی) توسط آتش می‎تواند سبب تغییر در پوشش و فعالیت‎های گیاهی گردد. آتش‎سوزی‎های شدید در جنگل، همچنین با ایجاد ترکیبات آلی با خاصیت آب‎گریزی در خاک منجر به کاهش نفوذپذیری آب گردیده و بازده چرخه هیدرولوژیکی را کاهش می‎دهد. خاک، آب و موجودات زنده از عوامل موثر در تعادل و پایداری اکوسیستم جنگلی می‎باشد که هرسه آن تحت تاثیر آتش‎سوزی‎های شدید تخریب می‌گردد لذا در این تحقیق به بررسی تاثیرات آتش‎سوزی جنگل بر خصوصیات مختلف خاک که در نگهداشت سلامت اکوسیستم موثر می‎باشند، پرداخته شده است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Fires are an important and common event in forest ecosystems which have a complex influence on soilcharacteristics. Changes in physical characteristics (porosity and structure degradation, increase ofrun-off and erosion), chemical (organic matter losses, caption volatilization, changes in nutritionstorage and nutrition cycle) and biological (micro fauna and macro fauna losses and changes inmicrobe population) of soil by fire could result in changes in vegetative and plant activities. Intensefire in forest with creating organic compounds with hydrophobic properties in soil result in waterprosperity decrease and decrease hydrological cycle yield. Soil, water and organisms are effectivefactors in balance and forest ecosystem sustainability that fire can degrade all of them. In this work,forest fires effects were studied on different characteristic of soil which can be effective on ecosystemhealth sustain

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