تحلیل تطبیقی باغ کوشک های دوره قاجار و پهلوی با تاکید بر تحولات پوشش گیاهی
محورهای موضوعی : ماهیت رفتار و نیازهای انسان در فضاهای شهری
1 - گروه معماری، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه معماری، واحد پردیس، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، پردیس، ایران
کلید واژه: پوشش گیاهی, باغ کوشک, دوره پهلوی, دوره قاجار, معماری منظر,
چکیده مقاله :
پژوهش حاضر تلاش دارد با مرور تطبیقی معماری باغ کوشک‌های دو دوره قاجار و پهلوی، به بررسی تغییرات و تحولات پوشش‌های گیاهی در این دوره‌ها بپردازد. هدف این پژوهش، سنجش میزان معناداری تطور و تغییرات ساختار کالبدی، کارکردی و مفهومی میان دو دوره مذکور است. این مطالعه در چارچوب پارادایم عمل‌گرایی و با روش آمیخته (کیفی ـ کمی) انجام شده است. با توجه به ماهیت اکتشافی پژوهش، در بخش کیفی با راهبرد تحلیل محتوای تماتیک، مؤلفه‌ها از طریق کدگذاری در سه مرحله باز، محوری و انتخابی استخراج شدند و هفت مؤلفه در طراحی باغ کوشک‌ها مبتنی بر تحولات پوشش گیاهی شناسایی گردید. در بخش کمی، با بهره‌گیری از این مؤلفه‌ها، پرسشنامه‌ای محقق‌ساخت طراحی شد که روایی محتوایی و پایایی آن مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. برای مقایسه میان دو دوره، از آزمون من-ویتنی استفاده شد تا امکان مقایسه دو موقعیت وابسته (ارزیابی یک شاخص در دو دوره متفاوت توسط همان پاسخ‌گو) فراهم شود و در عین حال نسبت به نرمال نبودن توزیع حساس نباشد. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل افراد دارای تجربه میدانی یا پژوهشی در حوزه باغ‌های ایرانی دارای کوشک بود و حجم نمونه ۵۱ نفر انتخاب گردید. ابزار پژوهش، پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخت بود که روایی محتوایی و پایایی آن ارزیابی شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان می‌دهد باغ ایرانی در گذار از دوره قاجار به پهلوی دچار دگرگونی ظاهری، اما تداوم مفهومی شده و ساختار فضایی آن همچنان به‌عنوان یک زبان فضایی فرهنگی حفظ شده است. بر این اساس، راهکارهایی برای طراحی ارائه شده است
This research presents a comparative review of the architectural features of garden pavilions (koshks) during the Qajar and Pahlavi dynasties, focusing particularly on transformations in their vegetation cover. The study aims to assess the significance of structural, functional, and conceptual changes between these two historical periods.
Employing a mixed-methods approach within the pragmatism paradigm, the research adopts an exploratory design. The qualitative phase utilizes thematic content analysis to identify key components through a three-stage coding process (open, axial, and selective), resulting in the extraction of seven distinct vegetation-related design elements characteristic of Persian garden pavilions.
For the quantitative phase, a researcher-developed questionnaire was created based on these components, with its content validity and reliability rigorously evaluated. The Mann-Whitney U test was employed to compare the two periods, enabling dependent comparisons (evaluating the same metric across different periods by the same respondents) while accommodating non-normal data distributions.
The study population comprised 51 experts with field experience or research background in Persian gardens containing pavilions. Findings reveal that while Persian gardens underwent visible transformations between Qajar and Pahlavi eras, they maintained conceptual continuity, preserving their spatial structure as a cultural spatial language. Based on these results, practical design recommendations are proposed for contemporary applications
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