رویکردهای سلامت محور در شهرسازی: مروری نظام مند بر ادبیات نظری با تاکید بر مدل های سلامت شهری
محورهای موضوعی : مقالات علوم اجتماعی و محیطیHelia Sareminia 1 , Fatemeh Mohammadniay Gharaei 2 , ساناز سعیدی مفرد 3 , Sulmaz Ghahramani 4
1 - Department of urbanism, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
2 - Department of Urbanism, Mashhad branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
3 - گروه شهرسازی، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران
4 - Department of Urbanism, Mashhad branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
کلید واژه: سلامت, سلامت شهری, رویکردهای سلامت محور, مدل های سلامت شهری,
چکیده مقاله :
با روند رو به رشد شهرنشینی، مسائل شهری پیچیده تر شده است، اما شهرها پاسخگوی نیازهای ساکنان خود هستند. نیازهایی که با پیشرفت تکنولوژی و تغییر سبک زندگی شهروندان، ابعاد مختلف زندگی بشر را تحت الشعاع قرار داده است. امروزه جوامع مدرن به ابعاد سلامت و ارتباط آن با معیارهای کالبدی محیط شهری اشاره می کنند. به همین دلیل در سال‌های اخیر محققان به دنبال یافتن ارتباط شهر و سلامت بوده‌اند که در این میان مطالعاتی که رویکردهای سلامت محور جامعی را در برنامه‌ریزی شهری ارائه می‌کنند بسیار محدود است. در راستای خلأهای بیان شده، هدف این پژوهش تحلیل رویکردهای سلامت محور در ادبیات نظری موجود برنامه ریزی شهری از طریق پرسش های پیشرو است: مدل های نظری در چند دهه اخیر چگونه تکامل یافته اند؟ اصول اولیه این مدل ها چیست؟ و رویکردهای سلامت محور در توسعه شهری چیست؟ این مقاله تا آنجا که می دانیم، یکی از بررسی های جامع محدود برای ارزیابی رابطه بین شهرها و سلامت با تاکید بر مدل های سلامت شهری است. از طریق یک بررسی سیستماتیک، ابتدا تعاریف سلامت و سپس مدل‌های سلامت شهری را گردآوری کردیم. چارچوبی مبتنی بر مدل‌های بهداشتی پیشنهاد شده است. داده‌های متنی پایه که شامل مقالات علمی-پژوهشی، کنفرانس‌ها، کتاب‌ها، اسناد و مدارک است، تا سال 2023 به‌طور هدفمند از پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی جمع‌آوری و با روش تحلیل تبارشناسی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته است. مقاله حاضر بر اساس مطالعات نظری در دو بخش تعاریف سلامت و الگوهای سلامت محور در برنامه ریزی شهری ارائه شده است. بر اساس یافته های پژوهش، رویکردهای نظری را می توان در چهار گروه اصلی طبقه بندی کرد. که شامل رویکردهای پزشکی، شهری، زیست محیطی و اجتماعی است. چهار رویکرد به سلامت شهری راهی را برای دسته بندی و درک رویکردهای مختلف موجود در تحقیقات و عملکرد فعلی بهداشت شهری ارائه می دهد.
With the growing trend of urbanization, urban issues have become more complex, but cities respond to the needs of their residents. The needs that have overshadowed different dimensions of human life with the advancement of technology and the change in the lifestyle of citizens. Today, modern societies refer to the dimensions of health and its relationship with the physical criteria of the urban environment. For this reason, in recent years, researchers have sought to find the connection between the city and health, among which studies that provide comprehensive health-oriented approaches in urban planning are very limited. In line with the stated gaps, the aim of this research is to analyze health-oriented approaches in the existing theoretical literature of urban planning through leading questions: How have theoretical models evolved in the last few decades? What are the basic principles of these models? And what are the health-oriented approaches in urban development? To the best of our knowledge, this article is one of the limited comprehensive reviews to assess the relationship between cities and health with an emphasis on urban health models. Through a systematic review, we first collected health definitions and then urban health models. A framework based on health models is proposed. Basic textual data, which includes scientific-research articles, conferences, books, documents, and documents, has been purposefully collected from databases until 2023 and analyzed by genealogy analysis method. This article is presented based on theoretical studies in two sections: definitions of health and health-oriented patterns in urban planning. Based on research findings, theoretical approaches can be classified into four main groups. which includes medical, urban, environmental and social approaches. Four approaches to urban health provide a way to categorize and understand the various approaches to current urban health research and practice.
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