اثربخشی درمان شناختی – رفتاری و درمان متمرکز برشفقت درمانی برسخت رویی زنان در شرف طلاق
محورهای موضوعی : سلامت زنان
مریم قهرمانی
1
,
جواد خلعتبری
2
*
,
داوود تقوائی
3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی عمومی، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران.
2 - Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Tonkabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonkabon, Iran (corresponding author), javadkhalatbaripsy2@gmail.com Tel: 09026311990
3 - دانشیار، گروه روانشناسی واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران
کلید واژه: درمان شناختی – رفتاری, درمان متمرکز برشفقت درمانی, سخت رویی زنان,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده: مقدمه: زنان فاقد ویژگی شخصیتی سخت رویی کیفیت زندگی پایین تری را تجربه می کنند. این پژوهش، با هدف مقایسه اثربخشی درمان شناختی – رفتاری و درمان متمرکز بر شفقت درمانی برسخت رویی زنان درشرف طلاق انجام شد. روش پژوهش: پژوهش حاضر از نوع مداخله ای پیش آزمون-پس آزمون با گروه کنترل و پیگیری سه ماهه در سال 1400 انجام گرفت. نمونه به روش نمونه گیری هدفمند و تصادفی از جامعه آماری، کلیه زنان در شرف طلاق مراجعه به مراکز اورژانس اجتماعی شهر تهران بود که 45 زن در دو گروه آزمایش و یک گروه گواه قرار گرفتند. آموزش گروهی درمان متمرکز بر شفقت (براساس پروتکل درمانی گیلبرت و نف) و برنامه جلسات آموزش درمان شناختی – رفتاری (براساس طرح درمانی ویلدرموت) درطی 8 جلسه 90 دقیقه ای اجرا شد. گروه گواه درمانی نداشت. ابزار پژوهش پرسشنامه سخت رویی کوباسا بود. نتایج داده ها با آزمون آماری واریانس با اندازه گیری مکرر تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته‌ها: میانگین و انحراف استاندارد نمره سخت رویی در پیش آزمون درمان متمرکز بر شفقت از 53 /51±64/1 به 20/59±86/1 در پس آزمون، و در پیگیری20 /61±86/1 ) 01/0 < P) رسید. نمره سخت رویی در پیش آزمون درمان شناختی-رفتاری از80 /50± 007/2 به 67/56±23/1 در پس آزمون و در پیگیری به 67/58±23/1 رسید ( 01/0 < P) همچنین گروه گواه از 40/49±242/1 در پیش آزمون به40/50±24/1 در پس آزمون و در پیگیری به 47/51±3/1 ( 01/0 < P) رسید. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج پژوهش، درمان شناختی-رفتاری و درمان متمرکز بر شفقت درمانی بر افزایش سخت رویی زنان در شرف طلاق می‌تواند اثربخش باشد، همچنین اثربخشی درمان متمرکز بر شفقت نسبت به درمان شناختی-رفتاری ماندگارتر است.
© 2020 The Author(s). This work is published by family and health as an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract: Introduction: Women lacking the hardiness trait experience lower quality of life. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and compassion-focused therapy (CFT) on hardiness of women on the verge of divorce. Research Method: The present study employed a pre-test-post-test intervention with a three-month follow-up, including a control group, conducted in 2021. The sample consisted of women on the verge of divorce referred to social emergency centers in Tehran. Forty-five women were divided into two experimental groups and one control group using purposive and random sampling. Group sessions of compassion-focused therapy, based on the therapeutic protocol by Gilbert & Neff, and cognitive-behavioral therapy sessions, based on the treatment design by Wildermuth, were conducted over eight 90-minute sessions. The control group received no therapy. The research tool was the Kobasa Hardiness Questionnaire. Results were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Findings: The mean and standard deviation of hardiness scores in the pre-test for compassion-focused therapy decreased from 1.64 ± 51.53 to 1.86 ± 59.20 in the post-test and to 1.86 ± 61.20 in the follow-up (P < 0.01). Hardiness scores in the pre-test for cognitive-behavioral therapy decreased from 2.007 ± 50.80 to 1.23 ± 56.67 in the post-test and to 1.23 ± 58.67 in the follow-up (P < 0.01). Additionally, the control group's hardiness scores decreased from 1.242 ± 49.40 in the pre-test to 1.24 ± 50.40 in the post-test and to 1.3 ± 51.47 in the follow-up (P < 0.01). Conclusion: According to the research findings, both cognitive-behavioral therapy and compassion-focused therapy can be effective in increasing hardiness in women on the verge of divorce. Furthermore, the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy is more enduring compared to cognitive-behavioral therapy.
References:
1. Carr A. Family therapy and systematic interventions for child-focused problems: the current evidence base. Journal of Family Therapy. 2019; 41(2):153-213. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.12226
2. Britzman M.J., Sauerheber J.D. Preparing couples for an enriched 2. Marriage a model in individual psychology. The Family Journal. 2014; 22(4): 428-436. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480714547185
3. Saeedi Z., Ghorbani N., Sarafraz M R., Sharifian M H. The Relationship between Self-Compassion, Self-esteem and Self-Conscious Emotions Regulation. Journal of Research in Psychological Health. 2012; 6 (3): 1-9. http://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20080166.1391.6.3.1.2
4. Tajari M., Karimi J., Goodarzi K. The Effectiveness of Couple Therapy through CBT Method on Life Expectancy and Self-Compassion in Couples Seeking Divorce. Women ̓s Studies Quarterly Journal. 2020; 11(31): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.30465/ws.2020.5343
5. Ramezani-Golafzani N., Mazaheri M.A., Roshan R. Comparison of hardiness among divorcing and non-divorcing couples. Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 2011; 4(5): 373-378.
6. Mirdrekvand F., Rahimipour T., Salimi H. The Effect of Spiritual Group Psychotherapy on Hardiness of Female Students in High Schools of Isfahan City. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology. 2015; 1(59): 97-107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2016.71015
7. Pandey D., Shrivastava P. Mediation effect of social support on the association between hardiness and immune response. Asian journal of psychiatry, 2017; 26: 52-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2017.01.022
8. Rozdar E., Mahmoodian H., Pirayeh L. Relationship between psychological toughness, psychological well-being and quality of life in female-headed households Welfare organization coverage. Contemporary Psychology.2017; 12: 828-832.
9. Ramzi S., Besharat M. A. The impact of hardiness on sport achievement and mental health. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2010; 5: 823-826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.192
10. Civitci N., Civitci A. Social comparison orientation, hardiness and life satisfaction in undergraduate students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Science. 2015; 205: 516-523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.09.062
11. Banatehrani Z., Nemattavousi M. The Relationship between Hardiness and Coping Styles: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem. Developmental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists .2020; 16(63): 251-261.
12. Moein L., GHiasi P., Masmoei R. Relationship between Psychological Hardiness and Marital. Quarterly Journal of Women and Society, 2011; 2(8):163-190 https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20088566.1390.2.8.8.3
13. Khalatbari J., Mirheydari- Langerod F., GhorbanShiroodi SH. Determining the relationship between psychological toughness and marital commitment with life satisfaction of married female employees of health centers in Rasht. International Conference on Psychology and Lifestyle; 2015.
14. Rafieasl M. Comparison of the relationship between psychological toughness and motivation in urban and rural secondary schools of Izeh and Baghmalek in the academic year of 2009-2010.Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University; 2010
15. Tamborini C., Kenneth A., Couch B., Gayle L. Longterm impact of divorce on women's earnings across multiple divorce windows: A life course perspective. Advances in Life Course Research. 2015; 26: 44-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alcr.2015.06.001
16. Hossein-Ali Ghorbani A., Moradi O., Arefi M., Ahmadian H. The Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Components Training on Emotional Cognitive Adjustment, Resilience and Self-Controlling Strategies among Divorced Women. Salamat Ijtimai (Community Health), 2020; 2(7): 166-174.
17. Wenzel, A. Basic strategies of cognitive behavioral therapy. Psychiatric Clinics.2017; 40(4): 597-609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2017.07.001
18. Kaczkurkin, A. N., Foa, E. B. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: an update on the empirical evidence. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience. 2015; 17(3): 337-346. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2015.17.3/akaczkurkin.
19. Aguilera A., Bruehlman-Senecal E., Demasi O., Avila P. Automated text messaging as an adjunct to cognitive behavioral therapy for depression: a clinical trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2017; 19(5): e148. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.6914
20. Azarbayjani S, Sadeghi afjeh Z, Ghanbari N. The Effectiveness of Compassion-Enriched Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Quality of Life and Life Expectancy in Depressed Housewives. Quarterly Journal of "Assessment and Research in Counseling and Psychology. 2020; 2 (1):52-70.
21. Peyambari M., Sadeghi fard M., Rashidi M., Ahmadi tahour M. The effect of cognitive- behavioral training on depression and psychological hardiness of Patient With cardiovascular diseases. Iranian Journal of Health Education & Health Promotion, 2020; 7(4): 289-299. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/ijhehp.7.4.289
22. Abniki E., Abolghasemi A., Abbasi M., Moazzez Jalali R. The Effect of Group Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention in Stress Management on Improved Hardiness and Self-control in Depressed Women. Quarterly Clinical Psychology Studies.2015; 5(19):99-118.
23. Sahranavard S., Esmaeili A., Salehiniya H., Behdani S. The effectiveness of group training of cognitive behavioral therapy-based stress management on anxiety, hardiness and self-efficacy in female medical students. Journal of education and health promotion, 2019; 8(49): 318-327. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_327_18
24. Irons C., Lad S. Using compassion focused therapy to work with shame and self-criticism in complex trauma. Australian Clinical Psychologist. 2017; 3(1): 47-54.
25. Leaviss J., Uttley L. Psychotherapeutic benefits of compassion-focused therapy: An early systematic review. Psychological medicine, 2015; 45(5): 549-927 .DOI: 10.1017/S0033291714002141
26. Kim C., Ko H. The impact of self-compassion on mental health, sleep, quality of life and life satisfaction among older adults. Geriatric Nursing.2018; 39(6): 623- 628 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2018.06.005
27. Herriot H., Wrosch C., Gouin J.P. Self-compassion, chronic age-related stressors, and diurnal cortisol secretion in older adulthood. Journal of Behavioral Medicine.2018; 41(6): 850-862. DOI: 10.1007/s10865-018-9943-6
28. Seekis V., Bradley G. L., Duffy A. L. Does a Facebook-enhanced Mindful Self-Compassion intervention improve body image? An evaluation study. Body Image. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 2020; 34: 259-269.
29. Yang Y., Fletcher K., Michalak E.E., Murray G. An investigation of self-compassion and nonattachment to self in people with bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020; 262: 43-48. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/j.jad.2019.10.042
30. Garcia-Campayo J., Navarro-Gil M., Demarzo, Attachment-based compassion therapy Terapia de compassion. Mindfulness & Compassion, 2016; 1(2): 68-74. https://www.elsevier.es/es-revista-mindfulness-compassion-188-articulo-attachment-based-compassion-therapy-S244540791630026X
31. Monteiro F., Fonseca A., Pereira M, Alves S., Cristina-Canavarro M. Linking internalizing symptoms and dyadic adjustment during pregnancy among Portuguese first-time parents: The mediating role of dyadic coping. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020; 63(2): 522-529.
32. Monemiyan G., Mardanirad M., Ghanbari Panah A., Omidi A. Comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive-existential therapy and compassion-focused therapy in groups on psychological well-being of divorced female heads of household. Journal of Psychological Science.2021; 20(99): 439-451.
33. Saeidi M., Khalatbari J., Ghorbanshiroudi SH., Abolghasemi Sh. Comparison of the Effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy with Compassion-Focused Therapy on Impulsivity of Women on the Verge of Divorce. Community Health Journal, 2020; 14(1): 73-83. https://doi.org/10.22123/chj.2020.187285.1296
34. Neff K.D. The self-compassion scale is a valid and theoretically coherent measure of self-compassion. Mindfulness, 2016; 7(1): 264-274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0560-6
35. Firoozi A., Asghari A. A comparison of psychological hardiness and quality of life among the women about to divorce and the normal women in Gorgan. Golestan police science quarterly Journal, 2016; 6(24): 76-93.
36. Nameni E., Saadat S H., Keshavarz-Afshar H., Askarabady F. Effectiveness of Group Counseling Based on Schema Therapy on Quality of Marital Relationships, Differentiation and Hardiness in Women Seeking Divorce in Families of War Veterans. Journal of Military Medicine. 2019; 21 (1): 91-99
37. Prochaska J., Norcross J. Systems of psychotherapy: a Tran's theoretical analysis. Seyed Mohammadi Y. Ravan; 2016.
38. Hadian S., Jabalameli SH The effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) on subjective well-being of students with sleep disorders. Daneshvar Medicine. 2020; 27(1): 19-
39. Gheibee A., Tajeri B., Kooshki S., Sobhi Gharamaleki N. Comparison the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion therapy on components of subjective well-being (emotional, psychological and social). Scientific Journal of Social Psychology. 2021; 9(57): 115-125.
40. Scheid D., Singh F. Can compassion focused therapy enhance dual recovery for veterans? Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal. 2019; 42(3): 329-346.