بررسی اثر فراوانی آبیاری بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس گیاه دارویی Salvia officinalis L

محورهای موضوعی : فیتوشیمی

نجمه وثوقی ¹ , مسعود گماریان ² , عبدالله قاسمی پیربلوطی ^{3 *} , شهاب خاقانی ⁴ , فاطمه ملک پور ⁵

1 - گروه گیاهان دارویی، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران
2 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران
3 - مرکز تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد شهرقدس، تهران، ایران
4 - گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد اراک، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اراک، ایران
5 - گروه گیاهان دارویی، واحد شهرکرد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شهرکرد، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/11/27 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/11/14 تاریخ انتشار : 1397/12/01

کلید واژه: آبیاری, اسانس, مریم گلی, 1و8- سینئول,

چکیده مقاله :

تنش خشکی به عنوان یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل محدود کننده رشد در نظام‌های کشاورزی می‌تواند بر رشد، عملکرد و مواد مؤثر دارویی گیاهان دارویی و معطر خسارت وارد کند. آزمایشی به منظور بررسی اثر فراوانی‌ آبیاری شامل 4، 6 و 8 روز یک‌بار بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی اسانس گیاه مریم گلی (Salvia officinalis L.) در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد شهرکرد در سال 1395 اجرا شد. اسانس‌ به روش تقطیر با آب با استفاده از کلونجر از برگ‌های خشک شده در سایه گیاه مریم گلی که در مرحله شروع گلدهی برداشت شده بودند، فرآیند استخراج انجام شد. اسانس های حاصل از تیمارهای مختلف با استفاده از دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی (GC) و کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) مورد تجزیه فیتوشیمیایی قرار گرفتند. اثرات سطوح مختلف آبیاری تأثیر معنی‌داری بر عملکرد اسانس، مقدار 1و8- سینئول به عنوان ترکیب اصلی و نیز ترکیبات لیمونن و آلفا- هومولن داشتند. بیشترین عملکرد اسانس و مقادیر ترکیبات 1و8- سینئول (05/11 درصد)، لیمونن (67/2 درصد) و آلفا- هومولن (32/1 درصد) از فراوانی آبیاری 8 روز حاصل گردید. احتمالاً چنین به نظر می‌رسد که افزایش فواصل آبیاری با القای تنش خفیف تا ملایم خشکی می‌تواند در افزایش عملکرد و ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی اسانس گیاه دارویی مریم گلی مؤثر باشد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Drought stress is as one of the most important limited factors that in agriculture systems can cause damage to growth, yield and secondary metabolites in medicinal and aromatic plants. A filed experiment to study on effect of irrigation frequencies, including 4, 6, and 8 every days on quantity and quality of the essential oil from the aerial parts of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) was done based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) in three replications at the research field at Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord, southwestern Iran in 2016. The leaves of sage were harvested at early flowering and the essential oil from the dried leaves was subjected to hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. The essential oils under different treatments were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Results indicated that irrigation frequencies levels had significant effects on essential oil yield and percentages of 1,8-cineole (as the main constituent in the oil), limonene and α–humulene. The highest yield of the essential oil and the maximum contents of 1,8-cineole (11.05%), limonene (2.67%) and α–humulene (1.32%) were obtained from treatment of eight every days of irrigation. Probably, it seems that increased irrigation intervals (mild drought stress) can be effective in quantitative and qualitative properties of essential oil from sage (Salvia officinalis L.).

منابع و مأخذ:

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