ارزیابی اثر تنش شوری و پرولین بر برخی از صفات ریخت‌شناختی، فیزیکی و فیتوشیمیایی برگ در سه رقم زیتون (Olea europaea L.)

محورهای موضوعی : اکولوژی محیطی

نغیمه پوری ¹ , اسماعیل سیفی ² , مهدی علیزاده ³

1 - دانش‌آموخته کارشناس‌ارشد، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
2 - 2دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
3 - دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

تاریخ دریافت : 1395/08/01 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/03/27 تاریخ انتشار : 1396/06/01

کلید واژه: پرولین, زیتون, تنش شوری, محلول‌پاشی, سدیم کلرید,

چکیده مقاله :

زیتون (Olea europaea L.) از گیاهان نیمه‌مقاوم در برابر شوری است که میزان مقاومت آن به رقم بستگی دارد؛ از این رو می‌توان از این گونه‌ گیاهی به‌عنوان یک مدل برای مطالعه‌ پاسخ محصولات چوبی به تنش شوری استفاده نمود. در این تحقیق نهال‌های شش ماهه‌ سه رقم زیتون، شامل آربکین[1]، آربوسانا[2] و کرونایکی[3]، به مدت شش ماه تحت تنش شوری سدیم کلرید با غلظت‌های 0، 50، 100 و 200 میلی‌مولار قرار گرفتند و سه مرتبه با پرولین به غلظت‌های 0، 100 و 200 میلی‌گرم در لیتر محلول‌پاشی شدند. در انتهای دوره‌ تنش، تعداد برگ‌ها در هر گیاه شمارش و ضخامت، طول و عرض برگ، وزن تر و خشک برگ اندازه‌گیری گردید. محتوای کاروتنوئید برگ با استفاده از دی متیل سولفواکسید، فنل کل برگ با معرف فولین سیو کالتو، و مقدار قند بر اساس روش مک‌کریدی تعیین شد. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش غلظت شوری تعداد برگ کاهش یافت که رقم آربوسانا بیشترین کاهش را داشت. رقم کرونایکی در سطح شوری 200 میلی‌مولار کاهش معنی‌داری از نظر طول و عرض برگ نشان داد و کاربرد پرولین نتوانست از این کاهش جلوگیری نماید. کمترین وزن تر و خشک برگ در سطح شوری 200 میلی‌مولار مشاهده شد. ضخامت برگ در پاسخ به شوری افزایش و مقدار کاروتنوئید کاهش یافت. از بین ارقام مورد مطالعه آربوسانا کمترین محتوای فنل کل را داشت. در سطح شوری 200 میلی‌مولار، بیشترین مقدار قند مربوط به آربوسانا و کمترین مقدار مربوط به کرونایکی بود. گیاهان تیمار شده با پرولین 200 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر بیشترین مقدار کربوهیدرات را داشتند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Olive is one of the moderately resistant plants to salinity and the amount of resistance depends on the cultivar. Therefore, this species can be used as a model to study the responses of wooden plants to salt stress. In this study, six-months-old plantlets of three olive cultivars, including Arbequina, Arbosana, and Koroneiki were under salt stress through various concentrations of sodium chloride, containing 0, 50, 100, and 200 mM for five months, and sprayed with proline at 0, 100, and 200 mg/L for three times. At the end of the stress period, the number of leaves on each plant was counted; and thickness, length and width, and fresh and dry weight of the leaves were measured. Carotenoid content of leaves was determined using DMSO, total leaf phenol was measured by Folinciocalteu reagent, and glucose levels were estimated based on McCready. The results indicated that the number of leaves was decreased by increasing salinity levels and Arbosana had the greatest reduction. Koroneiki showed a significant reduction in leaf length and width at 200 mM and application of proline could not prevent this decline. The lowest fresh and dry weight was observed at 200 mM salinity. Leaf thickness was increased in the response of salt stress and the content of carotenoids reduced. Among the cultivars studied, Arbosana had the lowest total phenolic contents. Also, at salinity 200 mM, the highest and the lowest sugar content was observed in Arbosana and koroneiki, respectively. Plantlets treated with proline 200 mg/L had the highest carbohydrates.

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