بررسی و مقایسه کمیت و کیفیت مواد موثره اسانس گیاه دارویی. Sclerorhachis platyrachis Boiss با استفاده از روشهای میکرو استخراج فاز جامد فوقانی و تقطیر با آب
محورهای موضوعی : شیمی و آنالیز ترکیبات طبیعی
1 - استادیار، گروه شیمی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد شاهرود،
کلید واژه: خراسان, اسانس, تقطیر با آب, میکرواستخراج فاز جامد فضای فوقانی, مینایی نیشابوری,
چکیده مقاله :
در چند سال اخیر روند استفاده از روش میکرواستخراج فاز جامد فضای فوقانی به‌طور قابل توجهی در منابع علمی افزایش یافته است.این امر قویاً به واسطه مزایای اصلی آن نظیر کاهش زمان استخراج، مقدار بسیار کم نمونه و عدم نیاز به حلال در مقایسه با روشهای استخراج قبلی می‌باشد. در این تحقیق به‌منظور بررسی اثر روشهای مختلف استخراج بر کمیت و کیفیت مواد موثره اسانس گیاه دارویی مینای نیشابوری Sclerorhachis platyrachis Boiss. ، سرشاخه‌های هوایی و گلدار گیاه در تیرماه 1394 از ارتفاع 1530 متری روستای افچنگ سبزوار جمع‌آوری گردید. اسانس نمونه با استفاده از روشهای میکرواستخراج فاز جامد فضای فوقانی و تقطیر با آب و سپس کمیت و کیفیت مواد موثره اسانس توسط دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی-طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. مقایسه نتایج نشان داد که در روش تقطیر با آب اسانس دارای 22 ترکیب بود که به‌ترتیب مواد موثره بتا-پینن (5/20 درصد)، کامفور (05/18 درصد)، آلفا -پینن (16/15 درصد) و بورنیل استات (17/12 درصد) از ترکیبات غالب اسانس بودند، در صورتی‌که در روش میکرواستخراج فاز جامد اسانس دارای 29 ترکیب که به‌ترتیب ترکیبات: بتا- پینن (33/25 درصد)، آلفا- پینن (4/13 درصد)، لیمونن (7/9 درصد) و کامفور (20/8 درصد) از مهمترین ترکیبات موثره اسانس بودند.یافته‌های این بررسی نشان می‌دهد که مونوترپن‌ها و سزکوِیی‌ترپن‌های هیدروکربنی بیشتر توسط روش میکرواستخراج و مونوترپن‌ها و سزکوِیی‌ترپن‌های اکسیژن‌دار توسط روش تقطیر با آب استخراج شده است.
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using headspace-solid phase micro-extraction method in the literature. This is mainly due to the particular advantages it has over traditional extraction methods such as reduced extraction time, minimal amounts of the samples and lack of need for solvents. The aerial parts of Sclerorhachis platyrachis Boiss. in blooming were collected from Afchang village in Sabzevar from Razavi Khorasan Province, 1530m in July 2015. The essential oils were obtained by headspace solid phase micro-extraction ( HS-SPME) and hydro-distillation (HD) methods and were analyzed by GC/MS. Results were showed that 22 compounds were identified in HD method in which the β-pinene (20.52 %), camphor (18.05 %), α-pinene (15.16 %) and bornyl acetate (12.17%) were the major constituents, respectively. Moreover the oil which had been extracted by HS-SPME technique with 29 compounds were mainly composed of β-pinene (25.33 %), α-pinene (13.38 %), limonene (9.69 %) and camphor (8.20 %) as the most abundant fractions. So according to the results, the quality and quantity of essential oils of plant could be changed by using of different extraction methods especially by using of HS-SPME method .
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