مقایسه ترکیبهای شیمیائی اسانس برگهای درخت در مراحل مختلف فنولوژی در منطقه گیلان Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Poir) Spach.

محورهای موضوعی : اکولوژی محیطی

حسین بتولی ¹

1 - استادیار پژوهش مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اصفهان (باغ گیاه‌شناسی کاشان)

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/06/01 تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/10/14 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/01/01

کلید واژه: فنولوژی, اسانس, لرگ, ویریدیفلورن, ترکیبهای شیمیائی,

چکیده مقاله :

جنس "لرگ" (Pterocarya Kunth) متعلق به خانواده گردو (Juglandaceae)، دارای گونه‌های درختی متعددی است که تاکنون بالغ بر 15 گونه از این جنس در جهان و تنها یک گونه از ایران گزارش شده ‌است. در این تحقیق ترکیب‌های شیمیائی اسانس برگ‌های درخت "لرگ" ((Poir) Spach Pterocarya fraxinifolia (در مراحل مختلف فنولوژی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته‌ است. برگ‌های این گیاه در سه مرحله مختلف رویشی در بهار و تابستان سال 1392 از گستره رویشگاه‌های طبیعی (واقع در گیلان)، جمع‌آوری و درشرایط آزمایشگاه خشک شدند وبه روش تقطیر واستخراج با بخار همزمان با حلال آلی (SDE) اسانس‌گیری شدند. برای شناسائی ترکیب‌های تشکیل‌دهنده اسانس، ازذستگاه‌های گاز کروماتوگرافی (GC) و گاز کروماتوگرافی متصل‌ شده به طیف‌سنج جرمی (GC/MS) استفاده شد. راندمان اسانس برگ‌ها در اردیبهشت، تیر و شهریورماه به ترتیب 2/0%، 18/0% و 2/0% وزنی/وزنی بدست آمد. 10 ترکیب شیمیائی در اسانس برگ‌های اردیبهشت‌ماه، 35 ترکیب در اسانس برگ‌های تیرماه و 22 ترکیب در اسانس برگ‌های شهریورماه گیاه لرگ شناسائی شدند. اجزای اصلی اسانس برگ‌های اردیبهشتماه شامل: 3، 7-گوئیدین (32/27%)، ویریدیفلورن (58/21%)، آلفا-کورکومین (44/8%)، ویریدیفلورول (22/7%) و زینجی‌برن (37/5%) بودند. بیشترین ترکیب‌های تشکیل‌دهنده اسانس برگ-های تیرماه شامل: آلفا-کورکومین (44/16%)، ویریدیفلورن (95/11%)، زینجی‌برن (44/9%)، فیتول (16/9%)، هگزا‌دکانوئیک اسید (92/5%)، ویریدیفلورول (51/5%) و 3، 7-گوئیدین (84/4%) بودند. افزون براین عمده ترکیب های شیمیائی اسانس برگ‌های شهریورماه شامل: ویریدیفلورن (29/26%)، ترانس-کاریوفیلن (63/12%)، 2-نورپینین (97/8%)، ویریدیفلورول (78/8%)، اسپاتولنول (82/7%) و زینجی‌برن (65/6%) بودند. بخش عمده ترکیب‌های تشکیل دهنده اسانس برگ‌های اردیبهشتماه، سسکوئی‌ترپن‌های اکسیژن‌دار بودند. درحالیکه بیشترین قسمت اصلی ترکیب‌های شیمیائی اسانس برگهای تیرماه، مربوط به سسکوئی‌ترپن‌های هیدروکربنی بود.

منابع و مأخذ:

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5.Azadbakht, M., Marston, A., Hostettmann, K., Ebrahimi, S. 2005. Isolation of two Naphthalene derivatives from Pterocarya Fraxinifolia leaf and evaluation of their biological activities, Chemistry an Indian Journal, 1(12): 780-783.
6.Bakhshikhaniki, A., Sefidkon, F., Dehghan, Z. 2010. Examination of effect some hanitet condition on quantity and quality Ziziphora Clinopodioides essential oil. Journal of plant drogs. 1:11-20. (In Persian).
7.Davies, N.W. 1990. Gas chromatographic retention index of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes on methyl silicone and
مقایسه ترکیبهای شیمیائی اسانس برگهای درخت "لرگ"...
38
carbowax 20M phases. Journal of Chromatogr. 503: 1-24.
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constituent. Pharmaceutical biology, 36)4(: 281-286.
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19.Marotti, M., Piccaglia, R. 1994. Effects of variety and ontogenic stage on the essential oil composition and biological activity of Fennel. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 6: 57-62.
20.Menzel, A., Jakobi, G., Ahas, R., Scheifinger, H., Estrella, N. 2003. Variations of the climatological growing (season) 1951-2000 in Germany Compared with other countries. International Journal of climatology, 23:793-812.
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25.Mozaffarian, V. 2008. Flora of Ilam. Farhange Moaser Publication, Tehran, 936p. (In Persian)
26.Nabavi, S.M., Ebrahimzadeh, M.A., Nabavi, S.F. 2009. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of methanolic extract of Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Lam.) Spach leaves and bark. Iranian Journal of Medical and Aromatic Plants, 24(3): 374-384.
27.Oliveira I., Sousa A., Ferreira I., Bento A., Stevinho L., J.A. 2008. Total phenols, antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity of walnut (Juglans regia L.) green husks. Food and Chemistry Toxicology, 46(7):2326-2331.
38- فصلنامه اکوفیتوشیمی گیاهان دارویی، شماره پیاپی 38 ، سال چهارم، شماره 3، بهار 3831 / صفحات : 39
39
28.Omidbaigi, R. 1997. Approaches Processing Medicinal Plants. Vol. 2, Trahan Nashr publisher, P. 196.
29.Omidbaigi, R. 2007. Production and processing of medicinal plants, 2ed Edition. Astan Ghods Publication, Vol. 1. 347p. (In Persian).
30.Pala-paul J., Perez–Alonso, M.J. Velasco-Negueruela, A. 2002. Seasonal variation in chemical constituents of Santolina rosmarinifolia L. ssp. rosmarinifolia. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 29: 663-672.
31.Parker, S.P. (Ed). 1989. McGraw-Hill dictionary of scientific and technical terms (Vol. 2). McGraw-Hill Book Co. USA.
32.Razmjoie, D., Kasemi, S.R., Zaraie, Z. 2014. The study quantitative and qualitative chemical composition of essential oils Ermostachys macrophylla in two vegetative and reproductive stages. The 1th international conference new findings in agricultural sciences, natural resources and of environmental. (In Persian).
33.Safaii, L., Sharifiashorabadi, A., Zeynali, H., Afyoni, D., Mirza, M. 2013. Examination of yield, amount and main components Thymus caramanicus Jalas essential oil in different removing stage. Journal of medicinal and aromatic plant research. 29(2):313-324. (In Persian).
34.Sefidkon, F., Asgari, F. 2003. Quantity and quality of Thymus sp. essential oil. Journal of Pajouhesh and Sazandegi. 59:
2-7. (In Persian).
35.Shafei, M., Sharifan, A., Aghazadehmeshki, M. 2010. Identification of chemical composition Ziziphora and examination of effect of anti-bacterial on yeast Koloyoromayses Marksianous. Journal of food science and Nutrition, 9(1):1010-107.(In Persian).
36.Shibamoto, T. 1987. Retention indices in essential oil analysis: 259-274. In: Sndra, P. and 37-Bicchi, C., (Eds.). Capillary Gas Chromatography in Essential Oil Analysis. Verlagsgruppe Huthig Jehle Rehm GmbH, New York, 435p.
38.Tajali, A.A., Amin, G.R. and Ghandomkar Ghalehari, A. 2008. The study and identify the essential oil components Camphorosma monspeliaca L. In various phonological stages in the natural habitates sites in Arak, Hamedan, Shahrekord. Rangeland management, 2(3): 302-316. (In Persian).
39.Usher, G. 1984. Adictionary of plants. CBS publishers and distributours. India, 619 p.
40.Wichtl, M., Bisset, N.G. 1994. Editor. Herbal Drugs and phytopharmaceuticals. Medpharm. Stuttgart, pp. 281-282.
41.Zarezadeh, A., Mirhosayni, A., Arabadeh, M.R. 2013. Comparison of quality and quantity effective substance essential oil f six species Thymus L. in farming condition in two Vegetative and reproductive in Yazd province. Second proceeding plant physiology 235. (In Persian).
42.Zargari, A. 1990. Medicinal plants. Vol 4.Tehran university publication, 924p. (In Persian).

_||_

Ahmadi, L. 1997. Investigate the effect different growth stages Salvia officinalis L. In production of essential oils and its chemical compounds. Iranian Journal of Medical and Aromatic Plants, 4: 33-47. (In Persian).
2.Amami, A., Shamsardakani, M.R., Nekoii, N. 2003. Guidance of treatment plant. Rahe Kamal press. (In Persian).
3.Ameri, A.A., Nassiri, M., Rezvani, P. 2007. Effects of different nitrogen levels and plant density on flower, essential oils and extract production and nitrogen use efficiency of Marigold (Calendula officinalis). Iran J. Field Crops Res.
5)2): 315-325.
4.Amiri, H., Khavari- Nejad, R.A., Rustaiyan, A., Meshkatalsadat, M.H. 2005. The study of quantitative and qualitative changes of essential oil from Smyrnium cordifolium Boiss. in different growth stages. Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 73: 195-199.
5.Azadbakht, M., Marston, A., Hostettmann, K., Ebrahimi, S. 2005. Isolation of two Naphthalene derivatives from Pterocarya Fraxinifolia leaf and evaluation of their biological activities, Chemistry an Indian Journal, 1(12): 780-783.
6.Bakhshikhaniki, A., Sefidkon, F., Dehghan, Z. 2010. Examination of effect some hanitet condition on quantity and quality Ziziphora Clinopodioides essential oil. Journal of plant drogs. 1:11-20. (In Persian).
7.Davies, N.W. 1990. Gas chromatographic retention index of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes on methyl silicone and
مقایسه ترکیبهای شیمیائی اسانس برگهای درخت "لرگ"...
38
carbowax 20M phases. Journal of Chromatogr. 503: 1-24.
8.Dehghan, Z., Sefidkon, F., Emami S.M., Kalvandi, R. 2014. The effects of ecological factors on essential oil yield and composition of Ziziphora clinopodioides lam. subsp. rigida (Boiss.) Rech.f. Journal of plant research (Iranian Biology Journal), 27(1): 49-63. (In Persian).
9.Ebrahimzadeh, M.A., Nabavi, S.F., Nabavi, S.M. 2009. Essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of Pterocarya fraxinifolia. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 12(13): 957-963.
10.Ghahraman, A. 1990. Plant Systematic, Cormophytes of Iran. Vol. 1: Tehran University Press, 350p.
11.Girzu, M., Carnat, A., Privat, A.M., Fialip, J., Carnat, A.P., Lamaison, J.L. 1998. Sedative effect of Walnut leaf extract and Juglone, An isolated
constituent. Pharmaceutical biology, 36)4(: 281-286.
12.Gungor, N.M., Kartal, S.N., Kantay, R. 2007. Technological properties of wingnut (Pterocarya fraxinifolia (LAM.) Spach.) Wood and characteristics of polywood from wingnut wood. Building and Environment, 42(8): 3108-3111.
13.Hadjmohammadi, M.R., Kamel, K. 2006. Determination of Juglone (5-hydroxy 1, 4-naphthoquinone) in Pterocarya fraxinifolia by RP-HPLC. Iranian Journal of Chemical Engineering . 25(4). 73-76.
14.Imani, Y. 2004. The study of the essential oils Melissa officinalis L. In growth period in two areas Arasbaran and Malekan. Iranian Journal of Medical and Aromatic Plants, 21: 267-279. (In Persian).
15.Jaimand, K., Baghai, P., Rezaee, M.B., Sajadipoor, S.A., Nasrabadi, M. 2004. Determination of Juglone from Leaves and fresh peels of juglans regia L. by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research. 20(3): 323-331. (In Persian).
16.Jalili, A., Jamzad, Z. 1999. Red data book of Iran. Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands (RIFR). Tehran. 748 pp.
17.Karimi, H. 1995. Names of Iran plants. Nashre-Daneshgahi press. Tehran, pp: 412. (In Persian).
18.Mahdavi, S.K., Valizadeh, S. and Mahmoudi, J. 2015. The study phonological effects on the quantity of oil quality essential oil of Ziziphora Clinopodioides L. A case study Urmia Ghasemloo valley. Rangeland management, 1(4): 70-83. (In Persian).
19.Marotti, M., Piccaglia, R. 1994. Effects of variety and ontogenic stage on the essential oil composition and biological activity of Fennel. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 6: 57-62.
20.Menzel, A., Jakobi, G., Ahas, R., Scheifinger, H., Estrella, N. 2003. Variations of the climatological growing (season) 1951-2000 in Germany Compared with other countries. International Journal of climatology, 23:793-812.
21.Mobayen, S. 1983. Plants of Iran. Vol. 2. University of Tehran Press, 525p.
22.Mozafarian, V. 1994. Plant classification. Vol. 2. Danesh emroz press. Tehran. 610p. (In Persian).
23.Mozaffarian, V. 1996. A Dictionary of Iranian Plant Names, Farhang Moaser, Tehran, 750p.
24.Mozaffarian, V. 2004. Trees and shrubs of Iran, Farhange Moaser Publication, Tehran, 1058p. (In Persian).
25.Mozaffarian, V. 2008. Flora of Ilam. Farhange Moaser Publication, Tehran, 936p. (In Persian)
26.Nabavi, S.M., Ebrahimzadeh, M.A., Nabavi, S.F. 2009. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of methanolic extract of Pterocarya fraxinifolia (Lam.) Spach leaves and bark. Iranian Journal of Medical and Aromatic Plants, 24(3): 374-384.
27.Oliveira I., Sousa A., Ferreira I., Bento A., Stevinho L., J.A. 2008. Total phenols, antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity of walnut (Juglans regia L.) green husks. Food and Chemistry Toxicology, 46(7):2326-2331.
38- فصلنامه اکوفیتوشیمی گیاهان دارویی، شماره پیاپی 38 ، سال چهارم، شماره 3، بهار 3831 / صفحات : 39
39
28.Omidbaigi, R. 1997. Approaches Processing Medicinal Plants. Vol. 2, Trahan Nashr publisher, P. 196.
29.Omidbaigi, R. 2007. Production and processing of medicinal plants, 2ed Edition. Astan Ghods Publication, Vol. 1. 347p. (In Persian).
30.Pala-paul J., Perez–Alonso, M.J. Velasco-Negueruela, A. 2002. Seasonal variation in chemical constituents of Santolina rosmarinifolia L. ssp. rosmarinifolia. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 29: 663-672.
31.Parker, S.P. (Ed). 1989. McGraw-Hill dictionary of scientific and technical terms (Vol. 2). McGraw-Hill Book Co. USA.
32.Razmjoie, D., Kasemi, S.R., Zaraie, Z. 2014. The study quantitative and qualitative chemical composition of essential oils Ermostachys macrophylla in two vegetative and reproductive stages. The 1th international conference new findings in agricultural sciences, natural resources and of environmental. (In Persian).
33.Safaii, L., Sharifiashorabadi, A., Zeynali, H., Afyoni, D., Mirza, M. 2013. Examination of yield, amount and main components Thymus caramanicus Jalas essential oil in different removing stage. Journal of medicinal and aromatic plant research. 29(2):313-324. (In Persian).
34.Sefidkon, F., Asgari, F. 2003. Quantity and quality of Thymus sp. essential oil. Journal of Pajouhesh and Sazandegi. 59:
2-7. (In Persian).
35.Shafei, M., Sharifan, A., Aghazadehmeshki, M. 2010. Identification of chemical composition Ziziphora and examination of effect of anti-bacterial on yeast Koloyoromayses Marksianous. Journal of food science and Nutrition, 9(1):1010-107.(In Persian).
36.Shibamoto, T. 1987. Retention indices in essential oil analysis: 259-274. In: Sndra, P. and 37-Bicchi, C., (Eds.). Capillary Gas Chromatography in Essential Oil Analysis. Verlagsgruppe Huthig Jehle Rehm GmbH, New York, 435p.
38.Tajali, A.A., Amin, G.R. and Ghandomkar Ghalehari, A. 2008. The study and identify the essential oil components Camphorosma monspeliaca L. In various phonological stages in the natural habitates sites in Arak, Hamedan, Shahrekord. Rangeland management, 2(3): 302-316. (In Persian).
39.Usher, G. 1984. Adictionary of plants. CBS publishers and distributours. India, 619 p.
40.Wichtl, M., Bisset, N.G. 1994. Editor. Herbal Drugs and phytopharmaceuticals. Medpharm. Stuttgart, pp. 281-282.
41.Zarezadeh, A., Mirhosayni, A., Arabadeh, M.R. 2013. Comparison of quality and quantity effective substance essential oil f six species Thymus L. in farming condition in two Vegetative and reproductive in Yazd province. Second proceeding plant physiology 235. (In Persian).
42.Zargari, A. 1990. Medicinal plants. Vol 4.Tehran university publication, 924p. (In Persian).