نیمرخ اسیدهای چرب برخی گونه¬های گیاهی تیره چتریان با رویکردی بر روابط کیموتاکسونومی
محورهای موضوعی : فیتوشیمی
زینب قلی زاده
1
,
مهدی قاسمی
2
,
حمزه علی شیرمردی
3
1 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد
2 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد
3 - دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری
کلید واژه: اسید پتروسلینیک, اسید چرب اشباع, ارتفاع, چتریان, روغن, غیراشباع,
چکیده مقاله :
گیاهان یکی از منابع مهم تأمین کننده¬ی اسیدهای چرب هستند. انواع اسیدهای چرب اشباع و غیراشباع در صنایع غذایی، سلامت، اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی و کموتاکسونومی کاربرد فراوان دارند. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی میزان روغن، نیمرخ اسیدهاي چرب و روابط کموتاکسونومیک برخی گونه¬های گیاهی تیره¬ی چتریان در ایران انجام شد. استخراج روغن توسط روش سوکسوله و جداسازی ترکیبات با دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازي (GC) پس از مشتق¬سازی به صورت متیل استر انجام شد. تجزيه¬ي خوشه¬اي گونه¬ها با الگوريتم فاصله¬ی بين دو داده و ماتريس تشابه اقليدسي با استفاده از نرم¬افزار PAST 3.17 انجام گرفت. براساس نتایج، میانگین بازده روغن گونه¬های گیاهی بین 1/5 تا 18/26 درصد برآورد شد و همبستگی مثبت بالایی بین ارتفاع از سطح دریای رویشگاه¬ها و بازده روغن وجود داشت. اسید پتروسلینیک (C18:1(n-6)) و پس از آن اسید آلفا-لینولنیک (C18:3(n-3)) ترکیب اصلی اسیدهای چرب همه گونه¬ها بود. اسید اولئیک و اسید گاما-لینولنیک تنها به ترتیب در گونه¬های جنس Ferula و Pimpinella شناسایی شدند. درصد مجموع اسیدهای چرب امگا-3 از 42/10 تا 99/17 بین گونه¬ها متغییر بود. Smyrnium cordifolium، Ferulago angulata، Tetrataenium lasiopetalum و Conium maculatum غنی از اسید پتروسلینیک (60 تا 78 درصد) بودند. دندروگرام شیمیایی براساس 18 اسیدهای چرب با ضریب تشابه بالا جنس¬های Ferula را در یگ گروه و Conium را در یک گروه جداگانه مشابه رده¬بندی گیاه¬شناسی از یکدیگر تمایز داد. نتایج نشان می¬دهد که ترکیب اسید چرب بذرهای برخی از جنس¬های تیره¬ی چتریان می¬تواند همراه با ویژگی¬های مورفولوژیکی و مولکولی، به عنوان یک ابزار جهت برطرف کردن پیچیدگی¬های تاکسونومیکی میان قبیله¬ها و جنس¬های تیره¬ی چتریان در فلور ایران مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
Plants are one of the important sources of fatty acids. Types of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids are widely used in food industry, health, plant ecophysiology and chemotaxonomy. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the oil content, fatty acid profile and chemotaxonomic relationships of some plant species of the Apiaceae family in Iran. Oil extraction was done by soxhlet method and compounds were separated by gas chromatography (GC) after derivatization in the form of methyl ester. Species cluster analysis was done with distance algorithm between two data and Euclidean similarity matrix using PAST 3.17 software. Based on the results, the average oil yield of plant species was estimated between 5.1% and 26.18% and there was a high positive correlation between the altitude of the habitats and the oil yield. Petroselinic acid (C18:1(n-6)) and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3(n-3)) were the main compositions of fatty acids of all species. Oleic acid and gamma-linolenic acid were detected only in Ferula and Pimpinella species, respectively. The percentage of total omega-3 fatty acids varied from 10.42 to 17.99 among species. Smyrnium cordifolium, Ferulago angulata, Tetrataenium lasiopetalum and Conium maculatum were rich in petroselinic acid (60-78%). Chemical dendrogram based on 18 fatty acids with high similarity coefficient distinguished Ferula species in one group and Conium in a separate group similar to botanical classification. The results show that the fatty acid composition of the seeds of some genera of the Apiaceae family, together with the morphological and molecular characteristics, can be used as a tool to solve the taxonomic complexities between the tribes and genera of the Apiaceae family. to be used in the flora of Iran.
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