تحلیل ویژگیهای فردی و انگیزه‌های رفتاری انجام فعالیت خیریه با رویکرد اقتصادی
محورهای موضوعی : اقتصاد کار و جمعیتسید حامد حسینی 1 , مصطفی سلیمی فر 2 , سید سعید ملک الساداتی 3
1 - دانشکده علوم اداری و اقتصاد دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
2 - دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
3 - هیات علمی گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه فردوسی
کلید واژه: مدل لاجیت, طبقه‌بندی JEL: .D63, D64, رویکردهای اقتصادی, ویژگیهای فردی, انگیزه‌های درونی, دهک‌های درآمدی, D91 واژگان کلیدی: فعالیت‌های خیریه‌ای,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف این مقاله، بررسی ویژگی‌ها و انگیزه‌های فردی انجام فعالیت خیریه در شهر مشهد می‌باشد. این پژوهش، پیمایشی و ابزار گردآوری اطلاعات، پرسشنامه می‌باشد. حجم نمونه مناسب، 389 نفر بوده و تحلیل داده‌ها از طریق نرم‌افزار R صورت گرفته است. نتایج نشان داد زنان به‌طور میانگین بیش از مردان، تمایل به انجام رفتار خیریه دارند. همچنین، مالکان منازل مسکونی و ساکنان منزل پدری، بیش از دیگران بر این نوع رفتار تمرکز دارند. بین سن، اشتغال و هزینه (درآمد) ماهیانه و انجام امور خیریه رابطه معناداری مشاهده نشد. نتایج مدل لاجیت نشان داد ضرایب میانگین نوع‌دوستی، رضایت درونی و شأن اجتماعی، معنادار و مثبت است؛ بنابراین، این سه متغیر، احتمال انجام فعالیت خیریه را افزایش می‌دهند. همچنین افراد ساکن در مناطق درآمدی بالا، متوسط و پایین شهری، به ترتیب، از انگیزش‌های شأن اجتماعی، نوع‌دوستی و رضایت درونی بیش‌ترین تأثیر را خواهند پذیرفت. بر اساس نتایج برای گسترش امور خیریه، عوامل انگیزشی در میان طبقات مختلف جامعه مدنظر قرار گیرد.
The key objective of this article is the test of the effect of individual characteristics in charity giving. The methodology based on descriptive researches and main tool for gathering data is questionnaire and to analyze the data R software is used. Sample include of 389 people, by proportional allocation in Regions in Mashhad.The results show that the women more than men, tend to do charitable behavior. Owners are more than tenants have charity behavior. There is significant relationship between the education background and doing charity activity. Among the income, age and employment with charitable activities is not a significant relationship. Finally, the results of mixed logit model indicate that individual motivations of charity behaviors namely altruism, warm-glow and Conspicuous Increases probability of giving, And the mean of coefficients of these variables are significant and positive.
منابع
- حافظ‌نیا، محمدرضا (1387). م‍ق‍دم‍ه‌ای بر روش‌ت‍ح‍ق‍ی‍ق در علوم ان‍س‍ان‍ی، تهران: انتشارات سمت.
- داودی، پرویز(1385). اقتصاد خرد(1)، چاپ اول، تهران: نشر رابعه
- Abrams, B. A. & Schmitz, M. D. (1978). The crowding-out effect of governmental transfers on private charitable contributions. Public Choice, 33(1): 29–39.
- Abrams, B. A. & Schmitz, M. D. (1984). The crowding-out effect of governmental transfers - on private charitable contributions: cross-section. National Tax Journal, 37(4): 563–568.
- Andreoni, J. (1988). Why free ride? Strategies and learning in public goods experiments. Journal of public Economics 37: 291-304.
- Andreoni, J. (1989). Giving with impure altruism: Applications to charity andRicardianequivalence, Journal of Political Economy, 97:1447-1458
- Andreoni, J. Gale, W. G. Scholz, J. K. & Straub, J. (1996). Charitable contributions of time and money. University of Wisconsin–Madison Working Paper.
- Andreoni, J. & Payne, A. A. (2013). Charitable giving, handbook of public economics,Vol. 5, University of California, San Diego, USA. American Economic Review, 792-812.
- Bauer, T. K. Bredtmann, J. and Schmidt, C. M. (2013). Time vs. money – The supply ofvoluntary labor and charitable donations across Europe. European Journal of Political Economy, 32: 80-94.
- Bénabou R, Tirole, J. (2003) Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Reviwe Economical Stududent, 70(3):489–520.
- Bergstrom, T. Blume, L. & Varian, H. (1986). On the private provision of public goods. Journal of Public Economics, 29(1): 25-49.
- Bernheim, B.D, (1986). On the voluntary and involuntary provision of public goods. American Economic Review, 76, 789–793.
- Brown, A. L. Meer, J. & Williams, J. F. (2013). Why do people volunteer? An experimental analysis of preferences for time donations (No. w19066). National Bureau of Economic Research.
- Camerer, Colin & George Loewenstein (2010). Behavioral Economics: Past, Present, Futuer, California Institute of Technology, Division of Humanities and Social Science.
- Chinman, M. J. & Wandersman, A. (1999). The Benefits and Costs of Volunteering in Community Organisations: Review and Practical Implications. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 28(1): 46-64.
- Chompff, D. (2009). Charity & Willing. The Role of Individual Dispositions and Charity Perceptions on the Willingness to Donate. Enonomics& Business, Maketing.
- Clotfelter, C.T. (1985). Federal Tax Policy and Charitable Giving. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL.
- Feldstein, M. (1971). Hospital price inflation: A study of nonprofit price dynamics. American Economic Review, 61: 853–72.
- Frey, B.S. and Jegen, R. (2001). Motivation crowding theory. Journal of Economic Surveys, 15(5):589–611
- Frey, B. S. (1992a), Economics as a Science of Human Behaviour, Boston and Dordrecht: Kluwer.
- Glazer, A. Conrad, K.A. (1996). A signaling explanation for charity. American Economical Reviwe, 86: 1019–1028.
- Halfpenny, P. (1999). Economic and sociological theories of individual charitable giving: Complementary or contradictory? Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 10(3): 197-215.
- Hansmann, H. B. (1980). The role of nonprofit enterprise. Yale Law Journal, 89, 835-898.
- Hansmann, H. B. (1996). The ownership of enterprise. Harvard University Press
- Kitchen, H. & Dalton, R. (1990). Determinants of charitable donations by families in Canada: A regional analysis. Applied Economics, 22(3): 285-299.
- Kolm, S. C. (2000). Introduction: The economics of reciprocity, giving and altruism. In Iea Conference Volume Series (Vol. 130, pp. 1-46). Basingstoke; Macmillan Press; New York; St Martin's Press.
- Lyons, Mark (2001). Third sector. The contribution of nonprofit and cooperative enterprise in Australia. Crows Nest (Australia): Allen & Unwin.
- Menchik, Paul L. and Burton A. Weisbrod (1987). Volunteer Labor Supply. Journal of Public Economics, 32: 159-83.
- Neumayr, M. & Handy, F.(2017). Charitable giving: What Influences Donors’ Choice among Different Causes? International Journal of Voluntary & Nonprofit Organizations.
- Olson, M. (1965).The logic of collective action: Public goods and the theory of groups. - Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
- Roberts, R.D. 1984. A positive model of private charity and public transfers. Journal of Political Economy 92, 136–148.
- Rose-Ackerman, S. (1996). Altruism, nonprofits, and economic theory. Journal of Economic Literature, 34(2): 701–728.
- Salamon, L and et al, (2013). The state of global civil societyand volunteering: Latest findings from the implementation of the UN nonprofit handbook, Working Paper, No. 49. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Center for Civil Society Studies).
- Salamon,L. & Sokolowski, W (2016). The size and scope of the european third sector. TSI Working Paper No. 12, Seventh Framework Programme (grant agreement 613034), European Union. Brussels: Third Sector Impact.
- Sargeant, A. Ford, J. B. & West, D. C. (2006). Perceptual determinants of nonprofit giving - behavior. Journal of Business Research, 59(2), 155-165.
- Smith, A. (1759). The theory of moral sentiments. Reprint. Edited by D. Raphael & A. Maclie. (1976). Oxford: Clarendon.
- Smith, D. H. (1994). Determinants of Voluntary Association Participation and Volunteering: ALiterature Review. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly. 23(3), 243-263.
- Smith, SL. Windmeijer, F. & Wright, EW. (2015). Peer effects in charitable giving: Evidence from the (running) field. Economic Journal, vol 125, pp. 1053-1071.
- Stiglitz. J(2009). Moving beyond market fundamentalism, annals of public and cooperative economics, 80: 345–360
- Sussman, A. B. Sharma, E. & Alter, A. L. (2015). Framing charitable donations as exceptional expenses increases giving. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 21(2): 130.
- Titmuss, Richard M, (1970). The Gift Relationship. London: Allen and Unwin.
- Warr, P.G. (1982). Pareto optimal redistribution and private charity. Journal of Public Economics 19, 131–138.
- Weisbrod, B. (1988). The nonprofit economy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
- Wolozin, H. (1968). Volunteer manpower in the U.S. Economy. Federal programs for the development of human resources, Vol. 1, Joint Economic Committee, Washington, D.C. pp. 203-214
- Yao, K. (2015). Who gives? The determinants of charitable giving, volunteering, and their relationship, Wharton Research Scholars. 126.
- Zinsmeister, Karl, (2016). How philanthropy fuels american success, Available at:URL:http//www.philanthropyroundtable.org/file_uploads/Phil_Winter16_Almanac.pdf
_||_