بررسی امکان جایگزینی آرد دانه کنجد به جای بخشی از آرد ماهی در تغذیه ماهی قزل‌آلای رنگین کمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
محورهای موضوعی : علوم تکثیر و آبزی پروری
1 - گروه شیلات، واحد بابل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بابل، ایران
2 - گروه شیلات، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان (Oncorhynchus mykiss), دانه کنجد, جایگزینی آرد ماهی,
چکیده مقاله :
ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان ((Oncorhynchus mykiss، عمده ترین ماهی سردآبی پرورشی ایران است و جیره هایی که باعث بهبود کیفیت ماهی و همچنین رشد بیشتر آن گردند، بسیار حائز اهمیت می باشند. در این تحقیق360 عدد ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان با میانگین وزن اولیه 04/0±100 گرم در 4 تیمار، با 3 تکرار به مدت 120 روز، درصدهای متفاوت از دانه کنجد را به جای بخشی از آرد ماهی دریافت نمودند. دانه کنجد در3 تیمار به نسبت 15، 20، 25 درصد به جای آرد ماهی همراه جیره شاهد در قالب طرح کاملاً غیر انتخابی استفاده شد. بالاترین میانگین افزایش وزن 08/0±5/281 گرم، افزایش طول 01/0±5/27 سانتی متر، ضریب رشد ویژه 01/0±45/1، ضریب سودمندی پروتئین 01/0±09/2 و بهترین میزان ضریب تبدیل غذائی 01/0±4/1 در تیمار 3 بود. کمترین میانگین افزایش وزن 04/0± 245 گرم، افزایش طول 01/0± 5/26 سانتی متر، ضریب رشد ویژه04/0± 2/1، ضریب سودمندی پروتئین04/0± 45/1 و بالاترین میزان ضریب تبدیل غذائی04/0± 9/1 در جیره شاهد بود. نتایج بدست آمده، بیانگر اختلاف معنی دار بین تیمارها و شاهد بود (01/0>P). جایگزینی آرد دانه کنجد، سبب بهبود شاخص های رشد و عملکرد ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان گردید. این نتایج نشان دادند که دانه کنجد می تواند جایگزین مناسبی به جای بخشی از آرد ماهی در جیره های قزل آلای رنگین کمان گردد.
Rainbow trout is the most importantspecies ofcold water fishes in Iran and the feeding diets which improve the quality and growth of this fish are of great importance. In this study, 360 youth of rainbow trout fingerlings with approximate weight of 100±0.04g were fed with different concentrations of sesame seed (%) in their diets instead of fish meal for 120 days. Feeding diets were prepared in 4 concentration levels (15, 20 and 25 percent of mealed sesame seed instead of fish meal, and same diet without sesame seed meal for the witness group) in triplicates as a completely random design experiment. The highest rate of weight gain (281.5±0.08g), length gain (27.5±0.01 cm), specific growth rate (1.45±0.01), protein efficiency rate (2.09±0.01) and food conversion ratio (1.4±0.01) were obtained in treatment 3. The lowest rate of weight gain (245±0.04g), length gain (26.5±0.01 cm), specific growth rate (1.2±0.04), protein efficiency (1.45±0.04) and food conversion ratio (1.9±0.04) was obtained in the witness treatment. The obtained results indicated a significant difference among the witness and treatments (P<0.001). Alternation of sesame seed improved the growth and health of rainbow trout fingerlings. These results demonstrated that sesame seed meal can be used as an alternative ingredient in its feeding diet, instead of fish meal.
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2. نظری ، ک.، ف. احتشامی.، م. رضایی. و ن. (1381). بررسی امکان جایگزینی کنجاله کنجد در تغذیه قزل آلای رنگینکمان. مؤسسه تحقیقات شیلات ایران. 29 ص.
3. AOAC, (1990). Official methods of analysis,14th edn. Association of official analytical chemists, Washington,DC, USA.
4. Brown, P. B., Kaushik, J. S., Peres, H., (2008). Protein feedstuffs originating from soybeans. In: Alternatives Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets (Lim, C., Webster, C.D. & Lee, C.S. eds), PP. 205-223. The Haworth Press, New York, USA.
5.FAO,( 2012). Food and agriculture in national and international settings. PP.1-4.
6.Gomes, F., Rema, P., Gouveia, A. and Olivia-Teles, A., (1995). Replacement of fish meal by plant protein in diets for rainbow trout : Effect of the quality of the fish meal based control diets on digestability and nutrient balances. Water Science and Technology, 3, 205-211.
7. Hasan, M. R., Macintosh, D. J. , Jauncey, K., (1997). Evaluation of some plant ingredients as protein sources for common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). fry. Aquaculture, 151, 55-70.
8. Hossain, M. A., Jaucey, K., (1990). Detoxification of linseed and sesame meal and evaluation of their nutritive value in the diet of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Asian Fisheries Science, 3(2), 169-183.
9. Jakson, A. (1988). Growth, nutrition and feeding. In: Laird, L.M., Needham, T. Jr (Eds.), Salmon and Trout Farming.Ellis Horwood, Chichester, PP. 202-216.
10. Lovell, T. (1989). Nutrition and feeding of fish. Aubrun University,Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. 260 P.
11. Morales, A. E., DeGardenete., G., la Higura., M., Sanz, A., (1994). Effect of dietary protein source on growth, feed conversion and energy utilization in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 124,117-126.
12. Nang Thu., T. T., Bodin., N. Saeger., S., Larondelle Y., Rollin. X., 2010. Substitution of fish meal by sesame oil cake (Sesamum indicum L.) in diet of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss W.). Aquaculture Nutrition, 17(1), 80-89.
13. NRC., 1989. Nutrient requirements of cold water fishes. National Research Council, National Academy Press, washington. Dc, USA, 63P.
14. NRC (Nation Research Council); 1993. Nutrient requirement of fish National Academy Press,Washington DC, USA, PP. 114.
15. Ofojekwu, P. C., Kigbu, A. A., 2002. Effect of substituting fish meal with sesame, (Sesamum indicum L.) cake on growth and food utilization of the Niletilapia,(Oreochromic niloticus). Aquatic Sciences. 17(1), 45-49.
16. Reigh, R. C., 2008. Underutilized and unconventional plant protein supplements. In Alternatives Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets (Lim, C., Webster, C.D. & Lee, C.S. eds), The Haworth Press, New York, USA. PP. 433-474.
17. Reinitz, G., (1980). Soybean meal as a substitute for herring meal in practical diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Progressive Fish. Culturist, 42(2),103-106.
18. Tacon, A. G. J., (1990). Standard methods for the nutrition and feeding of farmed fish and shrimp. Argen Laboratories Press. PP. 4- 24.
19. Takeshi, M., 1992. Protein nutrition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 100:191-207
20.Wiehlloughby, S., (1990). Salmonid farming. Fishing News Books London, UK 329 P.
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AOAC, (1990). Official methods of analysis,14th edn. Association of official analytical chemists, Washington,DC, USA.
2.Brown, P. B., Kaushik, J. S., Peres, H., (2008). Protein feedstuffs originating from soybeans. In: Alternatives Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets (Lim, C., Webster, C.D. & Lee, C.S. eds), PP. 205-223. The Haworth Press, New York, USA.
3.FAO,( 2012). Food and agriculture in national and international settings. PP.1-4.
4.Forozanfar, A. (2001). New methods for pisciculture of rainbow trout. Iran Fishery Institute. P.106.
5.Gomes, F., Rema, P., Gouveia, A. and Olivia-Teles, A., (1995). Replacement of fish meal by plant protein in diets for rainbow trout : Effect of the quality of the fish meal based control diets on digestability and nutrient balances. Water Science and Technology, 3, 205-211.
6. Hasan, M. R., Macintosh, D. J. , Jauncey, K., (1997). Evaluation of some plant ingredients as protein sources for common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). fry. Aquaculture, 151, 55-70.
7. Hossain, M. A., Jaucey, K., (1990). Detoxification of linseed and sesame meal and evaluation of their nutritive value in the diet of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Asian Fisheries Science, 3(2), 169-183.
8. Jakson, A. (1988). Growth, nutrition and feeding. In: Laird, L.M., Needham, T. Jr (Eds.), Salmon and Trout Farming.Ellis Horwood, Chichester, PP. 202-216.
9. Lovell, T. (1989). Nutrition and feeding of fish. Aubrun University,Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. 260 P.
10.Morales, A. E., DeGardenete., G., la Higura., M., Sanz, A., (1994). Effect of dietary protein source on growth, feed conversion and energy utilization in rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 124,117-126.
11. Nang Thu., T. T., Bodin., N. Saeger., S., Larondelle Y., Rollin. X., 2010. Substitution of fish meal by sesame oil cake (Sesamum indicum L.) in diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss W.). Aquaculture Nutrition, 17(1), 80-89.
12. Nazari, K., Ehteshami, M., Rezaei, V., (2000).Exploring the possibility of sesame meal replacement in feeding rainbow trout. Iran Fisheries Institute. P.29.
13. NRC., 1989. Nutrient requirements of cold water fishes. National Research Council, National Academy Press, washington. Dc, USA, 63P.
14. NRC (Nation Research Council); 1993. Nutrient requirement of fish National Academy Press,Washington DC, USA, PP. 114.
15. Ofojekwu, P. C., Kigbu, A. A., 2002. Effect of substituting fish meal with sesame, (Sesamum indicum L.) cake on growth and food utilization of the Niletilapia,(Oreochromic niloticus). Aquatic Sciences. 17(1), 45-49.
16. Reigh, R. C., 2008. Underutilized and unconventional plant protein supplements. In Alternatives Protein Sources in Aquaculture Diets (Lim, C., Webster, C.D. & Lee, C.S. eds), The Haworth Press, New York, USA. PP. 433-474.
17. Reinitz, G., (1980). Soybean meal as a substitute for herring meal in practical diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Progressive Fish. Culturist, 42(2),103-106.
18. Tacon, A. G. J., (1990). Standard methods for the nutrition and feeding of farmed fish and shrimp. Argen Laboratories Press. PP. 4- 24.
19. Takeshi, M., 1992. Protein nutrition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 100:191-207
20. Wiehlloughby, S., (1990). Salmonid farming. Fishing News Books London, UK 329 P.