مقایسه اثر سطوح مختلف گیاهان لیمو عَمانی و خاکشیر در مقایسه با افزودنی‌های ویت‌آسپرین و جوش‌شیرین بر عملکرد، ترکیب اجزای لاشه و دمای بدن جوجه‌های گوشتی تحت تنش گرمایی
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوریحبیب خیری بلوک آباد 1 * , محمود شیوازاد 2 , حسین مروج 3 , محمد امیر کریمی ترشیزی 4
1 - گروه علوم دامی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
2 - گروه علوم دامی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
3 - گروه علوم دامی، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
4 - گروه پرورش و مدیریت طیور، دانشکده کشاورزی، داتشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: تنش گرمایی, لیمو عمانی, خاکشیر, جوجه گوشتی,
چکیده مقاله :
دمای بالای محیط، موجب کاهش مصرف خوراک و کاهش عملکرد جوجههایگوشتی می‌شود. در این مطالعه تاثیر سطوح مختلف گیاه خاکشیر و لیموعمانی در مقایسه با دو افزودنی دیگر بر عملکرد و برخی از شاخص‌های تولیدی جوجههایگوشتی در معرض تنش گرمایی بررسی شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل گروه شاهد، پودر لیموعمانی (5/0، 1 و 2 درصد)، پودر خاکشیر (5/0، 1 و 2 درصد)، مکمل ویت‌آسپرین (04/0 درصد) و جوش‌شیرین (1 درصد) بودند که به خوراک 360 قطعه جوجه گوشتی نرِ یکروزه سویه راس 308 بعد از اِعمال تنش گرمایی اضافه شدند. تنش گرمایی از روز 12 تا 42، با افزایش دمای محیط به 34-32 درجه سلسیوس به مدت 12 ساعت در روز انجام شد. شاخص‌های عملکردی در سه دوره زمانی 24-12، 42-25 و 12-42 روزگی محاسبه شدند. در پایان دوره پرورش، مقدار مصرف آب و دمای بدن در زمان تنش و آسایش گرمایی ثبت شد. همچنین در روز 42، پس از خونگیری، دو قطعه جوجه از هر واحد آزمایشی کشتار شدند و درصد بازده لاشه و وزن نسبی اندام‌ها و قسمت‌های مختلف لاشه اندازه‌گیری شد. شاخص تولید، مصرف آب، دمای بدن، وزن نسبی اندام‌ها، اجزاء و بازده لاشه و فراسنجه‌های خونی تفاوت معنیداری در بین گروه‌های آزمایشی نداشتند (05/0<P). در بازه زمانی 24-12 روزگی، بیشترین افزایش وزن روزانه مربوط به گروه‌های ویت‌آسپرین و خاکشیر 5/0% بود و گروه خاکشیر 5/0% کمترین ضریب‌تبدیل غذایی را از خود نشان داد (05/0>P). در بازه زمانی 42-25 روزگی شاخص‌های عملکردی تفاوت معنیداری نداشتند (05/0<P)، ولی در بازه زمانی 42-12 روزگی کمترین ضریب‌تبدیل و مصرف خوراک مربوط به گروه لیموعمانی 2% بود (05/0>P). به نظر می‌رسد مکمل لیموعمانی در سطح %2 می‌تواند با بهبود ضریب‌تبدیل، اثرات سوء تنش گرمایی بر عملکرد جوجههایگوشتی را تا حدی کاهش دهد.
High environmental temperature reduces feed consumption and ultimately reduces the performance of broiler chickens. This study investigated the effect of different flixweed and lemon levels compared to two other additives on the performance and some production indices of heat-stressed broiler chickens. Materials and The experimental treatments included the control group, lemonpowder (0.5, 1, and 2%), flixweed powder (0.5, 1, and 2%), Vit-Aspirin supplement (0.04%), and sodium bicarbonate (1%), which were added to the feed of 360 one-day-old chicks after applying thermal stress. Heat stress was performed from day12 to 42 by increasing the environmental temperature to 32-34°C for 12hours per day. Performance indicators were calculated in three time periods: 12-24, 25-42, and 12-42days. At the end of the rearing period, water consumption and body temperature were recorded during thermal comfort and heat stress. Also, on day42, after blood collection, two chickens from each experimental unit were slaughtered, and the carcass yield percentage and relative weight of different organs and parts of the carcass were measured. Production index, water consumption, body temperature, relative weight of organs, carcass yield, and blood parameters did not differ significantly among groups (P>0.05). In the period of 12-24 days, the highest daily weight gain was related to the Vit-Aspirin and flixweed0.5% groups; and the flixweed0.5% group showed the lowest feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). In the period of 25-42days, there was no significant difference in performance indicators (P>0.05); but in the period of 12-48days, the lowest feed conversion ratio and feed intake was related to lemon2% group (P<0.5). Conclusion: It seems that lemon supplementation at a level of 2% reduce the adverse effects of heat stress on broiler performance by improving the feed conversion ratio.
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