افزایش حساسیت شب¬پره مینوز گوجه¬فرنگی Tuta absoluta به گیاه گوجه¬فرنگی تقویت¬شده با نانوذرات نقره
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوری
زهرا ریاض عبدالله الطرشه
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شیما رحمانی
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1 - گروه گیاهپزشکی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه گیاهپزشکی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: شب پره مینوز, نانوذرات نقره, گوجه فرنگی, حشره کش ,
چکیده مقاله :
شب پره مینوز گوجه فرنگی،Tuta absoluta یکی از آفات مهم گیاهان خانواده Solanaceae به ویژه گوجهفرنگی است که در صورت عدم کنترل میتواند کل محصول را از بین ببرد. از آنجایی که کاربرد مکرر حشره کشهای شیمیایی به دلیل رفتار مینوزی این حشره در دوران لاروی، بروز مقاومت و همچنین اثرات ناخواسته زیستمحیطی بعضا فاقد کارایی لازم هستند، توصیه میشود روشهای جایگزین مناسب و زیستسازگاری برای مبارزه با این آفت ارایه شود. یکی از راهکارهای مبارزه با این آفت، مقاومسازی گیاه میزبان با استفاده از ترکیبات نانوذرات نقره است. در این پژوهش، از غلظتهای 200، 400، 600 و 800 ppm ذرات نقره ( 50/39 نانومتر) استفاده شد تا ایجاد و افزایش مقاومت گیاه گوجه فرنگی به این شب پره آفت مورد آزمایش قرار گیرد. به این منظور، برخی از شاخصهای فیزیولوژیکی گیاه گوجهفرنگی اندازه گیری شد. از سوی دیگر، تعدادی از ویژگیهای بیولوژیکی آفت نیز از جمله تعداد تخم گذاشته شده و میزان مرگ و میر تخم و لارو مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد با بالا رفتن غلظت نانوذرات، آنزیمهای آنتیاکسیدان پراکسیداز و سوپراکسیددیسموتاز روندی افزایشی نشان دادند. اگرچه تغییر معنیداری در دو آنزیم پلیفنلاکسیداز و کاتالاز دیده نشد. همچنین، با افزایش غلظت نانوذرات نقره میزان فنل کل افزایش و میزان آنتوسیانین کاهش معنیداری پیدا کرد (05/0 >P) اما در میزان کربوهیدرات کل تغییری ایجاد نشد. بعلاوه، در گروه تیمار شده با نانوذرات نقره، به طور معنیداری تعداد تخمهای کمتری گذاشته شد، و درصد میانگین مرگ جنین و لاروها کمتر بود (05/0 >P). بعلاوه، این اثرگذاری از سوی دو غلظت بالاتر (600 و 800 ppm) بیشتر برآورد شد. بدین ترتیب، استفاده از نانوذرات نقره میتواند در مقاومسازی گیاه گوجهفرنگی بهT. absoluta نقش داشته باشد و امکان دارد در آینده بتوان از آن به عنوان روشی ایمن و جایگزینی برای حشرهکشهای رایج استفاده کرد.
The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta, is a significant pest of plants in the Solanaceae family, particularly tomatoes, and can destroy the entire crop if not managed properly. Because the frequent use of chemical insecticides is sometimes ineffective due to the concealed life of the insect during the larval stage, the potential for resistance, and undesirable environmental effects, it is advised to explore suitable and biocompatible alternative methods to combat this pest. One strategy to address this issue involves enhancing the host plant's resistance using silver nanoparticles. In this study, concentrations of 200, 400, 600, and 800 ppm of silver particles (39. 50 nm) were employed to develop and bolster the resistance of tomato plants against this moth pest. For this purpose, several physiological indicators of tomato plants were assessed. Additionally, several biological characteristics of the pest were examined, including the number of eggs laid and the mortality rates of eggs and larvae. The results indicated that as the concentration of nanoparticles increased, the antioxidant enzymes peroxidase and superoxide dismutase exhibited an upward trend. However, no significant changes were observed in the enzymes polyphenol oxidase and catalase. Furthermore, with increasing concentrations of silver nanoparticles, the total phenol content increased while the anthocyanin content decreased significantly (P < 0.05); however, no changes were noted in the total carbohydrate content. Moreover, significantly fewer eggs were laid in the group treated with silver nanoparticles, and the mean percentage of embryonic and larval mortality was lower (P < 0.05). This effect was particularly pronounced at the higher concentrations of 600 and 800 ppm. Hence, the application of silver nanoparticles can contribute to making tomato plants resistant to T. absoluta, and it could likely be used in the future as a safe alternative to conventional insecticides.
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