تاثیر تغذیه جیره های حاوی دانه کینوای فرآوری شده با روش‌های هیدروترمال، اکستروژن و اکسپندینگ بر روده، فراسنجه‌های خونی و فعالیت آنزیم‌های کبدی جوجه های گوشتی
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زیست شناسی جانوریمحمدعلی جعفری 1 * , نگین ضیغمی 2
1 - گروه علوم دامی، واحد قائمشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قائمشهر، ایران
2 - گروه علوم دامی، واحد قائمشهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قائمشهر، ایران
کلید واژه: جوجه گوشتی, دانه کینوا, فرآوری, ریخت شناسی ژوژنوم, آنزیم‌های کبدی,
چکیده مقاله :
تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی تاثیرتغذیه جیره‌های حاوی دانه کینوا فرآوری شده با روش‌های هیدروترمال، اکستروژن و اکسپندینگ بر فراسنجه‌های خونی ، ریخت شناسی روده و فعالیت آنزیم‌های کبدی درجوجه‌های گوشتی انجام شد.این آزمایش با استفاده از 225 قطعه جوجه گوشتی سویه تجاری راس 308 در قالب 5 تیمار، 3 تکرار و 15 قطعه جوجه به ازای هر تکرار در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی به انجام رسید.تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل جیره پایه (فاقد کینوا)، جیره حاوی 15 درصد دانه کینوای فرآوری نشده ،جیره حاوی 15 درصد دانه کینوای فرآوری شده به روش هیدروترمال، جیره حاوی 15 درصد دانه کینوای فرآوری شده به روش اکسترود و جیره حاوی 15 درصد دانه کینوای فرآوری شده به روش اکسپند بود.نتایج بدست آمده بیانگر آن بودند که مصرف جیره حاوی دانه کینوا ی خام منجر به کاهش سطح کلسترول ، پروتئین کل، ALP ،ALT و افزایش غلظت اسید اوریک سرم خون در مقایسه با گروه شاهد گردید (05/0 > p) با این وجود تفاوت آماری معنیداری در مصرف خوراک، محتوی تریگلیسرید و عناصر معدنی کلسیم، فسفر، منیزیوم، آهن، روی، AST و LDH سرم خون دربین تیمارهای مختلف مشاهده نگردید (05/0 < p) همچنین جایگزینی دانه کینوای خام سبب کاهش معنی‌دار ارتفاع ویلی و افزایش عمق کریپت گردید (05/0 > p). کمترین ارتفاع ویلی و بیشترین عمق کریپت در تیمار تغذیه شده با کینوای فرآوری نشده مشاهده گردید . تیمارهای آزمایشی اثر معنیداری بر ویسکوزیته نمونه ایلئومی دستگاه گوارش نداشتند (05/0< p) اگرچه با اعمال روش اکستروژن ویسکوزیته محتویات گوارشی روده افزایش جزئی یافت. با توجه به نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق ، استفاده از فرآیندهای حرارتی بخصوص روش اکسترود می‌تواند بسیاری از ترکیبات ضدمغذی دانه کینوا را از بین ببرد و بدین ترتیب دانه کینوا می‌تواند جایگزین مناسبی در جیره طیور گوشتی باشد.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding diets containing quinoa seeds processed by hydrothermal, extrusion, and expansion methods on blood parameters, intestinal morphology, and liver enzyme activity in broiler chickens. This experiment was conducted using 225 commercial Ross 308 broiler chickens in 5 treatments, 3 replications, and 15 chickens per replication in a completely randomized design. The experimental treatments included basal diet (without quinoa), diet containing 15% unprocessed quinoa seeds, diet containing 15% hydrothermally processed quinoa seeds, diet containing 15% extruded quinoa seeds, and diet containing 15% expanded quinoa seeds. The results indicated a significant decrease in serum concentration of cholesterol, total protein, ALP and ALT activity and a significant increase in serum concentration of uric acid of broilers fed raw quinoa seed (p < 0.05). However, no statistically significant difference was observed in feed intake, triglyceride content and mineral elements calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, zinc, AST and LDH of blood serum among different treatments (p < 0.05). Also, replacing raw quinoa seeds caused a significantly decreased villi height and increased crypt depth (p < 0.05). Intestinal viscosity was increased by feeding processed quinoa seed, but this parameter was not affected by the dietary treatments (p > 0.05). The lowest villi height and the highest crypt depth were observed in the treatment fed with unprocessed quinoa. The experimental treatments did not have a significant effect on the viscosity of the ileum sample of the digestive tract (p < 0.05). However, by applying the extrusion method, the viscosity of the digestive contents of the intestine increased slightly. According to the results of this study, the use of thermal processes, especially the extrusion method, can eliminate many anti-nutritional compounds of quinoa seeds and thus quinoa seeds can be a suitable alternative in the diet of broiler chickens.
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